Test 1 (Ch.4-5)

Question 1

Scientists agree that participation in research should be ________. However, this
can conflict with the scientific need for ________

Answer 1

voluntary; generalizability

Question 2

What is the difference between anonymity and confidentiality in research?

Answer 2

Anonymity refers to the situation in which even
the researcher cannot identify an individual by the information provided.
Confidentiality refers to the situation in which the
researcher knows which data describe
which participants and agrees to keep that information confidential.

Question 3

Certificates of Confidentiality protect:

Answer 3

the confidentiality of research subject data against forced disclosure by the police and other authorities

Question 4

The IRB (Insitutional Review Board) requires each researchers and research assistant to undertake education on:

Answer 4

the protection of human research participants when working on studies involving human subjects

Question 5

Although science is neutral on political matters,
scientists are not and guidelines have been proposed by feminist and
other scholars to protect against:

Answer 5

Bias and insensitivity about gender and culture

Question 6

Studies that do not include adequate representation from specific minority and oppressed populations in their samples are not:

Answer 6

generalizable to those populations

Question 7

Culturally competent researchers:

Answer 7

• include socioeconomic factors in their analyses when they are studying ways in which minority and majority populations differ
• consider any immigration experience and acculturation as factors to include in their research as they study differences between minority and majority populations
• understand the ways in which cultural factors and cultural differences influence
what we investigate, how we investigate, and how we interpret our findings.
• should include representatives of the minority cultures being studied in the formulation of the
research questions and in all subsequent stages of the research

Question 8

Acculturation is the process by which:

Answer 8

a group or individual changes after coming into contact with a majority culture, taking on the language, values, attitudes, and lifestyle preferences of the majority culture

Question 9

Three main threats to culturally competent

measurement include:

Answer 9

(1) the use of interviewers
whose personal characteristics or interviewing
styles offend or intimidate minority respondents or
in other ways make them reluctant to divulge relevant and valid information,
(2) the use of language
that minority respondents do not understand, and
(3) cultural bias

Question 10

Back-translation is one step to be taken to try to

attain translation validity and linguistic equivalence:

Answer 10

bilingual
person translating the instrument and its instructions
to a target language. Then another bilingual person
translates from the target language back to the original language. The original instrument is then compared to the back-translated version, and items with
discrepancies are modifi ed further

Question 11

Measurement equivalence means:

Answer 11

a measurement procedure developed in one culture will have the same value and meaning when administered to people in another culture (For example, measurement equivalence can be used to study whether a given measure is interpreted in a conceptually similar manner by respondents representing different genders or cultural backgrounds. Violations of measurement invariance may preclude meaningful interpretation of measurement data)

Question 12

Conceptual equivalence means:

Answer 12

that instruments and observed behaviors have the same meanings across cultures.

Question 13

Metric equivalence means that:

Answer 13

scores on a measure are comparable across cultures

Question 14

Ways to assess measurement equivalence include:

Answer 14

assessing whether scores on an instrument are correlated with measures of acculturation and testing the measure’s validity separately in the different cultures in which you plan to use it

Question 15

Three issues complicating efforts to make research

more culturally competent are:

Answer 15

(1) complexities in
defi ning who qualifi es as a member of a specific ethnic minority group,
(2) preferences and resentments
regarding the labels communicated to research participants to classify their ethnicity, and
(3) important subgroup differences within specific ethnic minority groups (no ethnic minority group is homogeneous)

Question 16

Social work research projects are likely to be
shaped not only by technical scientifi c considerations
but also by:

Answer 16

administrative, ethical, and political

considerations

Question 17

What’s ethically “right” and “wrong” in research

is ultimately:

Answer 17

a matter of what people agree is right

and wrong