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head and neck anatomy > Test 1 ch 1-3 > Flashcards

Test 1 ch 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

1st sign of disease?

A

bleeding gums

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2
Q

palpate

A

examine by touch; helps determine any abnormaities

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3
Q

Anterior

A

or ventral; towards the front

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4
Q

Posterior

A

or dorsal; towards the back

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5
Q

____ are medial to the ears?

A

eyes

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6
Q

____is anterior to the ears?

A

nose

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7
Q

____are posterior to the nose?

A

ears

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8
Q

medial

A

towards the middle

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9
Q

Lateral

A

towards side or outside

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10
Q

Buccal

A

cheek

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11
Q

Labio-/labial

A

pertains to the lips

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12
Q

Optic/ophthalmic

A

pertains to the eyes

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13
Q

Naso-/nasal

A

pertains to the nose

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14
Q

Auricle, acoustic

A

pertains to the ears

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15
Q

Cutaneous

A

pertains to the skin

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16
Q

Mental

A

pertains to the chin

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17
Q

External

A

outside

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18
Q

internal

A

inside

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19
Q

superior

A

above, greater, larger

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20
Q

inferior

A

below, smaller

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21
Q

supra

A

above, over

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22
Q

infra

A

below, under

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23
Q

sub

A

below; subcutaneous means below the skin

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24
Q

superficial

A

on surface

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25
Q

deep

A

far below surface

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26
Q

artery

A

blood vessels that carry blood away from heart

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27
Q

veins

A

blood vessels that carry blood back to heart

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28
Q

nerve

A

fibers that carry impulses between the brain and parts of the body; allows you to feel touch, pain, etc. and help initiate movement

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29
Q

Innervation

A

pertains to nerve supply

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30
Q

what are the areas most affected by illness/disease?

A

skin, pupils, and eyelids

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31
Q

how is skin affected by illness/disease?

A

loose connective tissue has less support than fibrous; easily distored by edema

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32
Q

what is edema?

A

swelling due to accumulation of fluid

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33
Q

how are pupils affected by illness/disease?

A

pupils normally dilated in darkness and constrict in light. pupils that dilated in light is NOT normal

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34
Q

how are eyelids affected by illness/disease?

A

edema usually shows up here first

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35
Q

what is the oral cavity?

A

inner portion of the mouth

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36
Q

where is the oral

vestibule?

A

area between the cheek and buccal surfaces of teeth; also area between lips and facial surfaces of teeth

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37
Q

Oral cavity proper

A

space between lingual surfaces of teeth

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38
Q

lips external to____

A

the oral cavity

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39
Q

Nasolabial sulcus

A

groove between upper lip and check (smile lines)

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40
Q

Philtrum

A

vertical groove of upper lip; between nose and upper lip

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41
Q

Tubercle

A

thicker area in center of upper lip

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42
Q

Labiomental groove

A

dip between lower lip and chin

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43
Q

labial commissure

A

angle of mouth

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44
Q

vermillion zone

A

(also called red zone shown in orange)- transitional zone between skin of lips and mucous membranes of oral cavity

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45
Q

why is vermillion zone red?

A

bc of capillaries near surface

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46
Q

vermillion border

A

transitional zone between lips and skin (thin line around edge of lips

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47
Q

cheeks made of what muscles?

A

made up of buccinator going horizontally and masseter going vertically

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48
Q

buccal fat pad

A

fat tissue between buccinator and masseter (gives ppl round faces)

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49
Q

Labial frenum

A

fold of tissue between lip and alveolar mucosa; one in maxillary and mandible

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50
Q

Buccal frenum

A

fold of tissue between lip and alveolar mucosa; one in maxillary and mandible/ canine and premolar

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51
Q

Maxillary tuberosity

A
  • small, round area of bone posterior to last maxillary tooth
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52
Q

Retromolar area

A

triangular are of bone posterior to last mandibular tooth

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53
Q

Palate

A

roof of mouth; superior border of oral cavity

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54
Q

Hard palate

A

Bony whiter anterior arched portion;( firmly attached to bone/ pale color)

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55
Q

Palatine raphe

A

midline ridge of hard palate from incisive papilla

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56
Q

Palatine rugae

A

transverse palatine folds; ridges that extend laterally

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57
Q

Soft palate

A

made of muscle and loosely woven connective tissue

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58
Q

Sulcus terminals

A

v shaped sulcus separating anterior 2/3 from posterior 1/3

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59
Q

Foramen cecum

A

posterior end of sulcus terminals; pit which makes the site of origin of thyroid gland (top of the v shape of sulcus terminals)

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60
Q

Median lingual sulcus

A

longitudinal depression down the midline of tongue

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61
Q

Papillae

A

aka taste buds; small elevations on tongue

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62
Q

circumvallete

A

arranged in a line anterior & parallel to the V-shaped sulcus terminalis; they are surrounded by a trough

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63
Q

Fungiform papillae

A
  • bright red projections on (tip) apex of tongue; sweet/sour/salty; tiny in size
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64
Q

Foliate papillae

A

side of tongue; sour; lateral surfaces

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65
Q

Filiform

A

small elevations on body of tongue; rarely has taste buds

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66
Q

underside of tongue

A

aka sublingual region; mucous membrane thin and vascular; can see with naked eye the deep lingual artery which supplies anterior 2/3 of tongue and the lingual veins that carries blood back to heart

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67
Q

Lingual frenum

A

fold of mucous membrane that goes from root of tongue to floor of mouth

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68
Q

Sublingual sulcus

A

horseshoe shaped area under tongue surrounding lingual frenum

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69
Q

purpose of salivary glands?

A
  • mix with food and make easier to swallow
  • aid in digestion (begins)
  • lubricate mucous membrane of mouth
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70
Q

types of salivary glands?

A

serous
mucous
mixed

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71
Q

serous salivary gland

A

thin and watery saliva; contains amylase (digestive enzyme that breaks down starches)

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72
Q

Mucous

A

thick and ropey; still 99% water; contains mucins that break down starches; contains proteins that inhibit caries and periodontal disease

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73
Q

Mixed

A

some salivary glands produce both types

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74
Q

major salivary glands

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

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75
Q

parotid salivary gland (size and location)

A

huge; located anterior to ear; lays on top of masseter muscle

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76
Q

what type of saliva does the parotid gland produce?

A

serous saliva

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77
Q

duct name for the parotid gland?

A

Stenson’s Duct; travels on outside of masseters and then pierces buccinator and opens in check opposite of maxillary 2nd molar

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78
Q

what infection affects parotid gland?

A

mumps

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79
Q

Submandibular gland: location, produces?

A

-located medial to mandible, posterior part of bud within submandibular fossa(can feel with external oral exam
-Produces 60-65% of resting saliva volume (for lubrication)
-

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80
Q

what duct is affiliated with submandibular gland?

A

Wharton’s duct; runs anterior from gland and opens into mouth at sublingual caruncle at base of lingual frenum under tongue

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81
Q

Sublingual gland: size, location, produces?

A

smallest; anterior floor of mouth by canines; mostly mucous (sublingual caruncle)
-Produces: 10% of saliva

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82
Q

what duct is affiliated with sublingual gland?

A

Bartholin’s duct

minor: : Rivinian ducts
- opens same place as submandibular gland

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83
Q

purpose of minor salivary glands

A

mainly for lubrications of mucosa

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84
Q

Labial glands

A

located in submucosa of lips (midline)

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85
Q

Buccal glands located?

A

located in buccal mucosa; more in posterior

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86
Q

Lingual glands

A

located on back of tongue in troughs that surround circumvallete papillae (called glands of Von Ebner) and under surface of tongue; serous

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87
Q

Sialolith

A

salivary stone-blocks drainage of saliva from duct

-causes gland enlargement

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88
Q

Major gland lesion

A

called ranula

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89
Q

Minor gland lesion

A

called mucocele

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90
Q

Incisive glands

A

located on floor of mouth behind mandibular incisors

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91
Q

Palatine glands located?

A

entire region of soft palate and posterior part of hard palate

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92
Q

anatomic nomenclature

A

system of names for anatomic structures

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93
Q

anatomic position

A

body standing erect, arms at sides with palms and toes directed forward and eyes looking forward

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94
Q

midsagittal plane

A

also median

divides body into equal right and left halves

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95
Q

sagittal plane

A

divides the body parallel to midsagittal plane

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96
Q

coronal plane

A

also frontal plane

divides body into posterior and anterior parts

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97
Q

transverse plane

A

also axial

divides body horizontally into superior and inferior

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98
Q

eyes are ___to the ears

A

medial

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99
Q

ears are ___to the eyes

A

lateral

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100
Q

proximal

A

area closer to the midsagittal/median plane

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101
Q

distal

A

area farther from the midsagittal/median plane

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102
Q

a structure on the same side of the body as another structure is ?

A

ipsilateral

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103
Q

a structure on the opposite side of the body from another structure is?

A

contralateral

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104
Q

the skin is ___ to the bones

A

superficial

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105
Q

bones are ___ to the skin

A

deep

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106
Q

what is surface anatomy?

A

the study of the structural relationships of the external features of the body tot he internal orangs and parts; provides essential landmarks

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107
Q

what are the regions of the head?

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, auricula, orbital, nasal, infraorbital, zygomatic, buccal, oral, and mental

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108
Q

front region includes:

A

forehead and area superior to eyes

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109
Q

supraorbital ridge:

A

directly inferior to each eyebrow

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110
Q

glabella

A

smooth elevated area between eyebrows

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111
Q

frontal eminence

A

prominence of forehead (most)

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112
Q

parietal region and occipital region:

A

both covered by scalp and defined b the related deeper bones

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113
Q

temporal region

A

contains the temple; superficial side of the head; posterior to each eye (surface area of head and behind the eyes)

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114
Q

auricular region

A

each side of head containing external ear

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115
Q

external ear is composed of?

A

auricle or oval flap of the ear and centrally located external acoustic meatus

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116
Q

external acoustic meatus (EAM)

A

tube which sound waves are transmitted to middle ear within skull

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117
Q

tragus

A

smaller flap of tissue of the auricle anterior to the external acoustic meatus

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118
Q

antittragus

A

tissue opposite of tragus

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119
Q

intertragic notch

A

small groove between tragus and antitragus

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120
Q

orbital region includes:

A

each side of the head, eyeball, orbit (eye socket)

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121
Q

width of each eye is?

A

usually same distance between the eyes

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122
Q

pupil?

A

opening center of the iris

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123
Q

lacrimal glands located and produce?

A

behind each upper eyelid deep within the orbit. they produce lacrimal fluid (tears)

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124
Q

conjunctiva

A

delicate and thin membrane lining the inside of the eyelids and the front of eyeball

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125
Q

lateral cantus

A

outer corner where eyelids meet

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126
Q

medial cantus

A

inner corner of the eye

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127
Q

nasal region main feature

A

external nose

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128
Q

root of nose

A

located between the eyes

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129
Q

nasion

A

inferior to glabella, superior to root of nose (dip on bridge)

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130
Q

infraorbital region

A

located inferior to the orbital region and lateral to nasal region

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131
Q

zygomatic region

A

overlies the cheekbone

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132
Q

zygomatic arch also known as ?

A

cheek bone

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133
Q

buccal region

A

composed of soft tissue of the cheek

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134
Q

masseter muscle

A

muscle on cheek, felt when teeth are clenched

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135
Q

blood supply of the lip

A

comes from superior and inferior labial arteries that branch from the facial arteries

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136
Q

what nerve provides sensation to lower lip

A

mental nerve

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137
Q

angle of the mandible

A

sharp bend of the lower jaw

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138
Q

what marks the anterior border of the oral cavity?

A

lips

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139
Q

what marks the posterior border of oral cavity?

A

throat/pharynx

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140
Q

lateral border of oral cavity?

A

cheeks

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141
Q

superior border of oral cavity

A

roof of the mouth

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142
Q

inferior border of oral cavity

A

floor of the mouth

143
Q

gingiva

A

also called gums

144
Q

vestibular fornix

A

deep within each vestibule; where the pink and thick labial or buccal mucosa meets the redder and thinner alveolar mucosa

145
Q

interdental gingiva

A

gingival tissue between adjacent teeth adjoining attached gingiva; each individual extension being an interdental papilla

146
Q

pterygomandibular fold

A

vertical fold of tissue that extends from the junction of the hard and soft palates to the medial side of the mandibular ramus

147
Q

plica fimbriata

A

lateral to the deep lingual veins on each side ; fold with fringelike projections

148
Q

relation of the tongue dorsal and ventral mean?

A

dorsal top of tongue

ventral underside of tongue

149
Q

fauces (anterior and posterior)

A

opening from the oral region into the oropharynx; laterally on each side by folds of tissue created by the underlying muscles

150
Q

palatine tonsils

A

located between each of fauces of the pillars

151
Q

sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

large strap muscle; divides each side of the neck diagonally

152
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

visible as the laryngeal prominence aka Adams apple

153
Q

superior thyroid notch

A

thyroid cartilage is superior to laryngeal prominence (adams apple)

154
Q

hyoid bone

A

located anterior midline superior to the thyroid cartilage

155
Q

Bones of the skull____, form the____ , and participate in the growth of the____.

A

surround the brain
facial skeleton
jaws

156
Q

how many bones in the skull (excluding the 3 bones of ear)

A

22 bones

157
Q

8 bones of the neurocranium:

A 
o	Frontal bone 
o	Sphenoid bone 
o	Ethmoid bone 
o	Occipital bone 
o	Temporal bones
o	Parietal bones
158
Q

neurocranium

A

brain

159
Q

which neurocranium bones are single?

A

frontal
sphenoid
ethmoid
occipital

160
Q

which neurocranium bones are paired?

A

temporal bones and parietal bones

161
Q

14 viscerocranium bones

A 
mandible
vomer
nasal
lacrimal
zygomatic
inferior nasal conchae 
palatine bones
maxillae
162
Q

viscerocranium means

A

face

163
Q

which are the single viscerocranium bone

A

mandible and vomer

164
Q

paired viscerocranium bones

A 
o	Vasal bones 
o	Lacrimal bones 
o	Zygomatic bones 
o	Inferior nasal conchae 
o	Palatine bones 
o	Maxillae (paired)
165
Q

what does the tympanic surrround?

A

external acoustic meatus; small, irregular shaped

166
Q

temporal bone includes:

A

squamous portion, tympanic, petrous portion, styloid process

167
Q

what is the squamous portion?

A

large fan-shaped flat part on each of temporal bones

168
Q

petrous portion

A

inferiorly located and helps form the cranial floor; bottom part mastoid process

169
Q

what is the styloid process?

A

pointed spicule of bone that serves as point of attachment for muscles and ligaments

170
Q

what are sutures?

A

JOINT in the cranium. Appears as a jagged line where two bones meet. Very slightly moveable; absorbs force of blow to the heard. Wider in infants (lots of falls)

171
Q

what are the different types of sutures?

A

squamous, coronal, sagittal, and lambdoidal

172
Q

what does the squamous suture do?

A

joins parietal and temporal bones

173
Q

what does the coronal suture do?

A

joins frontal and parietal bones

174
Q

what does the sagittal suture do?

A

joins the parietal bones

175
Q

what does the lambdoidal suture do?

A

joins the occipital and parietal bones

176
Q

what does foramen mean?

A

hole

177
Q

where is the bregma?

A

intersection between coronal and sagittal sutures

178
Q

where is lambda?

A

intersection of sagittal and lambdoidal sutures

179
Q

where is the vertex ?

A

highest point on top of skull, along sagittal suture

180
Q

where is the parietal eminence?

A

highest point on each parietal bone

181
Q

where is the temporal fossa?

A

indentation on sides of head covering front, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bones (contains body of temporalis)

182
Q

what is the area eyes of the top of the skull

A

frontal bone

183
Q

area below the eyes to the occlusal plane comprises

A

the paired zygomatic and paired maxillae

184
Q

what do the nasal bones form?

A

bridge of the nose

185
Q

lower jaw is formed by?

A

mandible

186
Q

what is the piriform aperture ?

A

anterior opening of cavity (hole you see when you slice off front of nose)

187
Q

where is the landmark for the anterior nasal spine?

A

maxilla

188
Q

what forms the nasal septum?

A

cartilage, vomer, and ethmoid

189
Q

cheek is formed by?

A

zygoma, zygomatic arch

190
Q

Alveolar processes

A

sockets that hold teeth, covered by gingiva; resorption occurs (wearing away ) with periodontal disease and tooth loss

191
Q

Canine eminence

A

elevation of bone over canine root

192
Q

Maxillary tuberosity

A

posterior to 3rd molar

193
Q

Incisive foramen

A

opening for nasopalatine nerve which innervates hard palate, covered by incisive papilla

194
Q

Median palatine suture

A

joins right and left maxillae

195
Q

Transverse palatine suture

A

joins maxilla and palatine bones

196
Q

extends off the medial pterygoid plate

A

Hamulus

197
Q

Pterygoid or scaphoid fossa

A
  • (more a large indentation than a groove)-found between the medial and lateral pterygoid plates
198
Q

Foramen ovale means

A

oval hole

199
Q

Foramen rotundum means

A

round hole

200
Q

Foramen ovale found

A

in sphenoid bone; mandible division of the 5th cranial nerve of trigeminal nerve

201
Q

Carotid canal is on what none? Carries what?

A

in temporal bone-carries the internal carotid artery

202
Q

Stylomastoid foramen found where? Carries what ?

A

-temporal bone-carries the facial or 7th cranial nerve

203
Q

Jugular foramen found where ? Carries what ?

A

between occipital and temporal bones- carries the internal jugular vein and 9th, 10th, and 11th cranial nerves

204
Q

Foramen magnum

A

in occipital bone- carries spinal cord and 11th cranial nerve

205
Q

5th cranial nerves

A

trigeminal nerve

206
Q

7th cranial nerve

A

facial nerve

207
Q

Mandibular fossa found on what bone?

A

on temporal bone; may be called glenoid fossa

208
Q

Submandibular fossa contains ?

A

contains submandibular salivary gland

209
Q

Mandibular foramen carries? Found on what bone ?

A

inferior alveolar nerve and artery

210
Q

Lingula

A

protects mandibular foramen

211
Q

Mylohyoid groove

A

indentation going anterior from mandibular foramen; mylohyoid nerve travels in it

212
Q

Mylohyoid line

A

ridge on the medial surface of the mandible where the mylohyoid muscle attaches

213
Q

Back notch of ramus

A

condyle

214
Q

hyoid bone located?

A

anterior of neck

215
Q

what bone is hyoid bone connected to?

A

none

216
Q

how is hyoid held in place?

A

by muscles and ligaments

217
Q

hyoid bone used to?

A

allows mobility for speech and swallowing

218
Q

Great and lesser horns oh hyoid bone ?

A

points of attachments for muscles and ligaments

219
Q

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

A

the articulation (which means to unite by a joint) between the temporal bone and the mandible. Specifically, the condyle of the mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

220
Q

Synovial fluid

A

helps lubricate joint

221
Q

any prominence on bony surface

A

process

222
Q

specific type of prominence on bony surface

A

condyle

223
Q

rounded projection from bony surface

A

head

224
Q

large rough prominence on bony surface

A

tuberosity

225
Q

prominence shaped like a bridge

A

arch

226
Q

hornlike prominence on bony surface

A

cornu

227
Q

small rounded eminence on bony surface

A

tubercle

228
Q

prominent border or ridge on bony surface

A

crest

229
Q

straight ridge on bony surface

A

line

230
Q

blunt or sharply pointed projection

A

spine

231
Q

one type of depression with indentation on the edge

A

notch

232
Q

groove for blood vessels or nerves on bony surface

A

sulcus

233
Q

generally deeper depression on bony surface

A

fossa

234
Q

pitlike depression on bony surface that is small

A

fovea

235
Q

flat structure of bone

A

plate

236
Q

opening like a window in bone

A

foramen

237
Q

narrow and cleftlike opening in bone

A

fissure

238
Q

smaller opening in bone into a hollow organ or canal

A

ostium

239
Q

narrow opening in bone

A

aperture

240
Q

type of canal in bone

A

meatus

241
Q

longer narrow tube-like opening in bone

A

canal

242
Q

area where bones are joined to each other

A

articulation

243
Q

union between two or more bones

A

joint

244
Q

union of bones with a jagged line

A

suture

245
Q

broken bone due to physical force

A

fracture

246
Q

mineralized structure protecting the internal tissue

A

bone

247
Q

each middle ear has how many bones? what are they?

A

3-malleus, incus, and stapes

248
Q

function of the 3 bones of the ear?

A

transmit and amplify vibrations to the inner ear by way of the tympanic membrane or eardrum

249
Q

which suture looks more serrated looking than others?

A

lambdoidal suture

250
Q

what bones form the orbit?

A

frontal, ethmoid, lacrimal, maxilla, zygomatic, and greater wing of spehnoid

251
Q

functions of each bone of the orbit? (etc roof, floor, walls)

A 
frontal is the roof
ethmoid-greatest part of medial walls
lacrimal-anterior medial corner
maxilla- floor
zygomatic- anterior lateral walls
greater wing of sphenoid- posterior of lateral wall
252
Q

what is a bony prominence?

A

areas on bone that are close to skins surface; barely have any cushioning) ex. elbow, back of head, shoulder)

253
Q

describe growth of upper face

A

occurs at sutures between the maxillae and other bones; and bony surfaces

254
Q

describe growth of lower fac

A

occurs in bony surfaces of mandible and at head of its condyle

255
Q

growth occurs in all bones of skull except?

A

middle ear bones

256
Q

what is the orbital apex? what is it composed of?

A

deepest part of the orbit; composed of lesser wing of sphenoid and palatine bone

257
Q

orbital apex has round opening called?

A

optic canal

258
Q

what passes through the optic canal?

A

2nd cranial nerve/optic nerve; ophthalmic artery

259
Q

lateral to optic canal is ?

A

superior orbital fissure

260
Q

what does the superior orbital fissure do?

A

connects the orbit with the cranial cavity

261
Q

what travels through the superior orbital fissure?

A

the 3rd cranial/ophthalmic nerve and vein

262
Q

where is the inferior orbital fissure located?

A

between the greater wind of sphenoid bone and maxilla

263
Q

what travels through the inferior orbital fissure?

A

infraorbital and zygomatic nerves and inferior ophthalmic vein

264
Q

describe orbital rim

A

rectangular shaped with rounded corners; its margin discontinuous at the lacrimal fossa

265
Q

what bones contribute to the orbital rim

A

frontal, zygomatic and maxilla

266
Q

what is the zygomaticomaxillary suture?

A

notch found between 2 bones that form the infraorbital rim: zygomatic bone with its maxillary process and maxilla with its zygomatic process

267
Q

what is the temporal fossa

A

formed by parts of several bones; contains temporalis muscle

268
Q

zygomatic arch forms union of ?

A

slender zygomatic process of temporal bone and broad temporal process of zygomatic bone

269
Q

what are fovea palatine and where are they located

A

2 small depression on each side of midline; located anterior to junction of the hard and soft palate; no anatomic function

270
Q

frontal bone fused around what age?

A

5 or 6 years of age

271
Q

what are the paired cranial bones?

A

Parietal and Temporal

272
Q

where is the occipital bone located?

A

forms the posterior part of the skull and base of cranium

273
Q

describe the occipital bone

A

irregular four-sided bone that is somewhat curved

274
Q

what bones does the occipital bone articulate with?

A

Parietal bones
temporal bone
and sphenoid bone
first cervical vertebra/atlas

275
Q

largest bone located on occipital bone that is usually filled with cartilage ? and what does it allow to pass through?

A

foramen magnum; allows spinal cord, vertebral arteries, cervical part of the 11th cranial /accessory nerve pass

276
Q

where and what are the occipital condyles?

A

located on the lateral part anterior to the foramen magnum. they are curved and smooth projections

277
Q

occipital condyles have what time of articulation to where?

A

occipital condyles have moveable articulation with with atlas (1st vertebrae)

278
Q

what is the basilar part of the occipital bone?

A

a four-sided plate anterior to the foramen magnum

279
Q

what is the suture name that joins the parietals and occiptal? v shaped

A

lambdoidal suture (single)

280
Q

What canal is located on the occipital bone? and what does it allow passage to?

A

the hypoglossal canals; passage to 12th cranial nerves and blood vessels

281
Q

what is the suture that extends across the skull between the frontal bone and each parietal bone?

A

coronal suture (paried)

282
Q

where and what is the anterior fontanelle?

A

located intersection where frontal and both parietal bones meet; called “soft spot” is diamond shaped

283
Q

suture that extends from the anterior to posterior of the skull at midline of parietal bones?

A

sagittal suture

284
Q

describe orbital walls and which bones are they composed of

A

frontal bone forms the roof
ethmoid bone is greatest part of medial wall
lacrimal is the anterior medial corner
zygomatic anterior part of lateral wall
greater wing of sphenoid is posterior part of lateral wall maxilla is the floor

285
Q

what is the deepest part of the orbit?

A

orbital apex

286
Q

what is the orbital apex composed of?

A

both lesser win of sphenoid and palatine bone (a small inferior part

287
Q

what is the round opening in the orbital apex?

A

optic canal

288
Q

location of the optic canal?

A

lies between the two roots of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone

289
Q

what passes through the optic canal?

A

2nd cranial/ optic nerves to reach the eyeball

290
Q

how are bones in the skull divided?

A

cranial bones and facial bones

291
Q

suture that joins frontal and nasal bones?

A

frontonasal suture

292
Q

suture that joins anterior maxillae and posterior palatine?

A

median palatine suture

293
Q

suture that joins temporal and parietal?

A

squamosal

294
Q

suture that joins temporal and zygomatic?

A

temporozygomatic suture

295
Q

suture that joins maxillae and palatine bones?

A

transverse palatine suture

296
Q

suture that joins zygomatic and maxillae?

A

zygomaticomaxillary

297
Q

Name the facial bones

A

inferior nasal conchae, larcrimal, mandible, maxillae, vomer, and zygomatic bones

298
Q

which facial bones are paired?

A

inferior nasal conchae, lacrimal, maxillae, and zygomatic

299
Q

anterior opening of the nasal cavity?

A

piriform aperture

300
Q

bones that form lateral boundaries of nasal cavity?`

A

maxillae, 3 nasal conchae (superior, middle, and inferior)

301
Q

cheekbone area name? and suture of area? and what bones form this area?

A

zygomatic/zygomatic arch

suture: temporozygomatic
bones: zygomatic process of the temporal bone and temporal process of the zygomatic bone

302
Q

what is the nasal meatus?

A

distinct air passages of the lateral nasal cavity located inferior to each nasal conchae.

303
Q

temporomandibular joint articulates with?

A

temporal bone and mandible

304
Q

sutures located on hard palate?

A

transverse palatine suture

305
Q

what bones form the hard palate?

A

the palatine processes of the maxilla (anterior) and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones (posterior)

306
Q

located posterior border of the hard palate ?

A

posterior nasal apertures; formed by vomer, horizontal plate of palatine bone, medial pterygoid plate of palatine, medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid, and body of sphenoid

307
Q

process of the sphenoid bone?

A

lesser wing, greater wing, hamuli, pterygoid

308
Q

plates of the sphenoid bone?

A

medial and lateral pterygoid plates

309
Q

what fossa is located between the sphenoid bone?

A

pterygoid fossa is located between the medial and lateral pterygoid plates

310
Q

large anterior ovale opening on sphenoid bone; what passes through it?

A

foramen ovale; mandibular nerve (3rd division) of 5th cranial/trigeminal nerve

311
Q

smaller opening on sphenoid bone; what passes through it?

A

foramen spinosum; carries middle meningeal artery into cranial cavity

312
Q

what spine is located near foramen spinosum?

A

spine of the sphenoid bone (posterior extremity of sphenoid bone)

313
Q

large irregular shaped opening on external surface of skull; normally filled with cartilage

A

foramen lacerum

314
Q

where is the carotid canal located and what does it carry?

A

posterolateral to the foramen lacerum; round opening of petrous part of temporal bone; carries the internal carotid artery and carotid plexus of nerves

315
Q

pointed projection of temporal bone

A

styloid process

316
Q

what foramen is located immediately posterior to the carotid canal?

A

stylomastoid foramen

317
Q

what is the stylomastoid foramen an opening for?

A

7th cranial/facial nerve exit from skull

318
Q

what and where is the jugular foramen?

A

just medial to the styloid process/visible if skull is titled to one side; opening for internal jugular vein ad 3 cranial nerves: 9th/glossopharyngeal, 10th cranial/vagus, and 11th/accessory nerve

319
Q

where is the cribriform plate and what passes through it?

A

located internal surface of skull multiple foramina for 1st cranial or olfactory nerve

320
Q

where is the foramen rotundum and what passes through it?

A

Sphenoid bone ; opening for maxillary nerve of 5th cranial/trigeminal nerve

321
Q

where is the internal acoustic meatus and what passes through it?

A

Temporal bone ;opening for 7th cranial/facial nerve and 8th cranial /vestibulocochlear nerve

322
Q

where is the hypoglossal canal and what does it carry?

A

Occipital bone ; opening for 12th cranial/hypoglossal nerve

323
Q

what bones form lateral walls of skull and what do they articulate with?

A

temporal bones; articulates with zygomatic, parietal , occipital, sphenoid, mandible

324
Q

3 parts of temporal bone?

A

squamous, tympanic, and petrous

325
Q

what does the frontal bone articulate with?

A

parietal, sphenoid, lacrimal, nasal, ethmoid, zygomatic and maxilla

326
Q

supraorbital notch located?

A

medial part below the supraorbital rim

327
Q

what do the parietal bones articulate with?

A

occipital, frontal, temporal, sphenoid

328
Q

what bones form zygomatic arch

A

temporal process of zygomatic and zygomatic process of temporal

329
Q

what is the landmark on the inferior part of the temporal bone that is part of the articulation of the tmj?

A

articular fossa on inferior surface of zygomatic process of temporal bone

330
Q

single cranial bone that at midline that adjoins vomer

A

sphenoid bone

331
Q

what does the sphenoid bone articulate with?

A

frontal, parietal, ethmoid, temporal, zygomatic, palatine, vomer, occipital, and maxillae

332
Q

paired facial bones that form bridge of the nose

A

nasal bones

333
Q

nasal bones articulate with?

A

maxillae and frontal

334
Q

what pair of bones project off the maxillae for form lateral walls of nasal cavity?

A

inferior nasal conchae

335
Q

what is inferior nasal conchae composed of?

A

fragile thin and spongy bone curved on itself

336
Q

what do the inferior nasal conchae’s articulate with?

A

ethmoid, lacrimal, palatine and maxillae

337
Q

what forms the cheekbone?

A

paired zygomatic bones

338
Q

zygomatic bones articulate with?

A

frontal, temporal, sphenoid, maxilla

339
Q

what bone forms lateral part of orbital wall?

A

frontal process of the zygomatic bone

340
Q

maxilla articulates with?

A

frontal, lacrimal, nasal, inferior nasal conchae, vomer, sphenoid, ethmoid, palatine, and zygomatic

341
Q

what bone covers upper jaw teeth?

A

covered by prominent facial ridge of bone, part of alveolar process of maxilla

342
Q

free moveable bone of skull?

A

mandible

343
Q

bony prominence of the chin?

A

mental protuberance

344
Q

opening on external surface of lower jaw (between apices of mandibular 1st and 2nd premolar)

A

mental foramen

345
Q

what does mental foramen carry?

A

mental nerve and blood vessels into mandibular canal

346
Q

part of lower jaw that contains roots?

A

alveolar process of the mandible

347
Q

depression located between coronoid process and condyle of the mandible

A

mandibular notch

348
Q

what is the external oblique ridge?

A

the bony demarcation where ramus and body of mandible join

349
Q

small midline projections on internal surface of mandible

A

genial tubercles which serve as muscle attachments

350
Q

where is mylohyoid located and what its function?

A

landmark located on medial surface of mandible; point of attachment for mylohyoid musle

351
Q

shallow depression located inferior to mandibular posterior teeth and similar depression superior part of mylohyoid line?

A

sublingual fossa

352
Q

opening on internal surface of the ramus?

A

mandibular foramen

353
Q

mandibular foramen opening for?

A

mandibular canal

354
Q

what groove is near mandibular foramen? what travels in it?

A

mylohyoid groove; mylohyoid nerve and blood vessels pass through

head and neck anatomy (5 decks)

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