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Comm 201 > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 steps to critical thinking?

A
  1. Identify an assertion or action
  2. Evaluate your interpretations and beliefs.
  3. Ask what the evidence points to
  4. Ask about other explanations or conclusions.
  5. Keep an open mind for new evidence and evaluations.
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2
Q

Messages can be:

A

Verbal or nonverbal

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3
Q

What is communication usually?

A

Symbolic: something that represents something else and conveys meaning

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4
Q

Words and gestures have no inherent meaning.

A

Arbitrary

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5
Q

Verbal, the explicit words you are saying

A

Content meaning

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6
Q

Standardized, dictionary definition

A

Denotative

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7
Q

What a word/message means on a personal level; the emotional baggage a word/message carries

A

Connotative

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8
Q

Often nonverbal, what the message conveys about the relationship between the two people, how they feel about one another

A

Relationship meaning

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9
Q

Reflected by proxemics, eye contact, posture

A

How relationship meaning is shown

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10
Q

Physical surroundings of the communication event affect how partners will interpret the message. (Location, environmental conditions, time, proximity)

A

Setting

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11
Q

Must have two or more people interacting; interaction affected by:
number of people involved, characteristics shared by those people, personal relationship of those involved, moods of those involved)

A

Participants

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12
Q

Means by which a message is transmitted.

A

Channel

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13
Q

Anything that interferes with the message; not limited to sound.

A

Noise

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14
Q

The receiver’s response to a message

A

Feedback

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15
Q

Communication moves in one direction at a time. One person is the sender and one is the receiver.

A

Linear model

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16
Q

Recognizes that communicators are both communicators and receivers (mid 1950s) added feedback

A

Interactive model

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17
Q

Communicators are senders and receivers at the same time. Some messages may be nonverbal.

A

Transactional model

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18
Q

A process in which people generate meaning through the exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages.

A

Communication

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19
Q

Standards of right or wrong as applied to messages.

A

Communication ethics

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20
Q

Lying is ALWAYS wrong. Ethics that apply to every situation.

A

Absolutism

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21
Q

Lying is SOMETIMES wrong. A standard that depends on the situation.

A

Relativism

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22
Q

Used to get what you need or desire.

A

Instrumental function

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23
Q

Used to control or regulate others behaviors, (asking a friend to drive you to a party)

A

Regulatory function

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24
Q

Used to communicate information or report facts.

A

Informative function.

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25
Q

Used to acquire knowledge and understanding.

A

Heuristic function

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26
Q

Used to establish and define social relationships. (Inviting your friend maintains the relationship)

A

Interactional function

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27
Q

Used to express individuality and personality.

A

Personal function

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28
Q

Used to express oneself artistically and creatively.

A

Imaginatively

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29
Q

7 functions of language

A 
Instrumental 
Regulatory
Informative
Heuristic
Interactional
Personal
Imaginatively
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30
Q

What are the components of language?

A

Phonology
Syntax
Semantics
Pragmatics

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31
Q

Study of sounds that compose language and how they communicate meaning.

A

Phonology

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32
Q

The rules that govern word order.

A

Syntax

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33
Q

The study of meaning.

A

Semantics

34
Q

How language is used in certain contexts.

A

Pragmatics

35
Q

Theory that states that when we communicate, we doing just say things but we also do things. (Making a request, entering into an agreement, etc. )

A

Speech acts

36
Q

Govern the way we organize conversation

A

Conversation rules

37
Q

We used conversation differently depending on where we are and on culture.

A

Contextual rules

38
Q

When identities influence several aspects of language.

A

Dialects

39
Q

Explores the link between power and communication, based on five assumptions

A

Cocultral theory

40
Q

Specialized language that many occupations have

A

Jargon

41
Q

What are the 5 assumptions of cocultural theory?

A
  1. Society provides privilege to certain groups
  2. One of these privileges is to set communication norms
  3. Language then works to maintain those privileges
  4. “Male” language is preferred in the workplace and female language styles are preferred in relationships
  5. Dominant language structures keep some people from progressing.
42
Q

Statements that reject or invalidate someone’s self image

A

Disconfirming messages

43
Q

Statements that let the other person know you value them.

A

Confirming messages

44
Q

Takes responsibility for and expresses your feelings while focusing on specific experiences and behaviors

A

I statements

45
Q

Attack and judge the other person, making negative generalizations about them.

A

You statements

46
Q

Multi channeled, increases verbal effectiveness, affects public policy

A

Importance of nonverbal communication.

47
Q

All the nonverbal actions we engage in. (Coughing)

A

Nonverbal behavior

48
Q

Nonverbal behavior that has symbolic meaning.

A

Nonverbal communication

49
Q

What are the nonverbal codes?

A 
Kinesics 
Paralinguistics
Chronemics
Proxemics
Haptics
Artifacts
50
Q

Body language, including facial expressions.

A

Kinesics

51
Q

Clarify or emphasize (type of gesture)

A

Illustrators

52
Q

Have a direct verbal translation (type of gesture)

A

Emblems

53
Q

Manage our emotions (type of gesture)

A

Adaptors

54
Q

Control conversation (type of gesture

A

Regulators

55
Q

What are the components of posture?

A

Immediacy and relaxation

56
Q

Shows how involved we are with the conversation

A

Immediacy

57
Q

Vocal aspects of nonverbal communication; oral but not verbal

A

Paralinguistics

58
Q

What makes your voice distinctive and recognizable.

A

Voice qualities

59
Q

Sounds we utter that do not have the structure of language (laughing, crying)

A

Vocalizations

60
Q

Study of how we use time to send messages

A

Chronemics

61
Q

How we use space indicates our relationships with others.

A

Proxemics

62
Q

Touch as nonverbal communication

A

Haptics

63
Q

What are the four types of touch?

A 
Professional or functional touch
Social polite touch (shaking hands)
Friendship touch (hug)
Love intimate touch (kisses)
64
Q

Accessories, things we carry, wear or use that indicate our identity and social status. (Cars, house, watches, ring)

A

Artifacts

65
Q

What are the functions of nonverbal messages?

A

Communicate information: repeating or contradicting (shaking head)
Regulating interaction: managing turn-taking in conversation

66
Q

Importance’s of listening:

A

Improved cognition, enhance academic performance, enhances personal relationships, enhances professional performance, improved health

67
Q

The process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to verbal or nonverbal messages.

A

Listening

68
Q

Four stages or listing:

A

Hearing
Understanding
Evaluating
Responding

69
Q

Listeners pick up sound waves directed toward them

A

Hearing

70
Q

Interpreting the messages associated with the sound.

A

Understanding

71
Q

Assessing your reaction to the message and looking at possible interpretations

A

Evaluating

72
Q

Provides evidence you are listening and shows others how you regarded their message.

A

Responding

73
Q

What are the four listening styles?

A

Action oriented
Content oriented
People oriented
Time oriented

74
Q

Focus on content of the message rather than the speaker. Hear the message and do something with it.

A

Active Oriented LS

75
Q

Interested in detailed and complex information.

A

Content oriented listeners

76
Q

Interested in hearing about others experiences, thoughts, and feelings.

A

People oriented listeners

77
Q

Prefer brief, concise speech, want aural bullet points

A

Time oriented listeners

78
Q

In general, women lean toward people-oriented style while men tend toward a more task (action, content) style.

A

Gender

79
Q

We often adapt our listening behaviors depending on the age of the speaker.

A

Age

80
Q

Different cultures place differing levels of importance on listening skills.

A

Nationality

81
Q

What are the barriers to listening?

A 
Physical (noise, discomfort)
Physiological (hearing disability, boredom)
Conflicting objectives
Wandering (not focusing)
Rejecting (tuning out the message because you dislike the speaker)
Judging 
Predicting 
Rehearsing
82
Q

Everyday sounds in our environment that establish a sense of community. Vary by generation

A

Soundscapes

Comm 201 (4 decks)

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