Test 1 Flashcards
What are the two theories for the earth magnetic field and when were they hypothesized?
Geodynamo and cosmic hypothesis in the 1900s
Which magnetic field hypothesis was proven more plausible and how?
Geodynamo by the calculation of the magnetic field in a deep mine (showed it got stronger)
Aristotle…
When?
What?
300BC
- Teleological though
- explanation based on purpose not cause - The earth is different from heaven as it can be changed and corrupted
Ibn Sina
When?
What?
1000
Erosion must be balanced by unpilft
Name the renaissance scientists (4) in Oder
Da Vinci
Agricola
Palissy
Steno
Da Vinci…
When?
What?
14/1500’s
- Argues that valleys are created by rivers and mountains are eroded by rain
- Noted strata near seashore (painting)
Agricola …
When?
What?
14/1500’s -De Re Metallica (Everything then known about mining) -noted strata worldwide -classification based on physical properties
Palissy
When?
What?
1500’s
Discourse Admirable
Draws parallels between experimental crystallization and natural formation of crystals
As conformation, he observed a quartz with water and spec of dirt inside, thus thyme a not magic
Steno
When?
What?
1600’s Prodromus -very solid object comes from fluid -strata deposited gradually from turbid water or by precipitation -principals of stratigraphy —original horizontality —Superposition — continuity
What other group did Steno contribute to?
Relative time:stratigraphy
What is Neptunism?
The belief that rocks formed from water, a large primeval flood
What is Plutonis?
The belief that rocks formed from heat, sedimentary rocks formed later
What scientist is associated with Neptunists?
Plutonists? And their dates
Werner-17/1800’s
Hutton -1700s
What are the steps in rock formation according to Neptunits?
- Primeval ocean
- Ocean cooled and calmed, rocks precipitated out
- Oceans drained
- Volcanic activity
What was the problem(s) with neptunist theory?
Where did the water go?
Tilted layers -Siccer Point
Cross-cutting -granite/primitive strata crossed younger rocks
What order did the strata go in according to Werner?
1a. Primitive strata
1b. Transformative strata
2. Stratified strata
3. Swept together mountains
4. Volcanic rocks and lava
Which scientists took biblical approaches? Dates?
Ussher-15/1600’s
Annales veteris testamenti
4004BC
Burnet-16/1700’s Telluris Theoria Sacra 7 stage biblical account 1. Chaos 2.smooth 3.flood 4. Present 5. 2nd coming of Christ 6. Perfect state 7. Earth becomes a star
What is faunal succession and who come up with it?
William smith -17/1800’s
Who else contributed to the relative time/stratigraphy potion?
Cuvier -17/1800’s. Diluvialism:re[eated great universal floods are a primary geological agent
Lyell-17/1800’s popularized uniformitarianism -principal of cross cutting relation
Hutton
Steno
Absolute time contributors and competent sides
Lwhyd
Joly
Philips
Darwin
Vs
Buffon
Lord Kelvin
Lwhyd
16/1700’s Glacial boulders -1 ever 20 years -10,000boulders -20,000 years old
Joly
When?
What?
Proposed age?
18/1900’s
Age based on uniformatarianism assumptions
1.oceans were fresh water
2. Sodium supply is constant from the dissolution of rocks
3. No process has removed salt from ocean
Age-95+/-5 million years
Philips
1800’s
Calculated how long it took sedimentary rocks to accumulate in the Ganges basin
Age:96 million years
Darwin
1800’s
Earth needs to be very old for evolution to work
Based on a cliff of 500ft :
Age: 300 million years
Buffon
1700’s Histories Naturelle 7 stage hypothesis 1. Formulation of molten Earth 2. Cooling to hand-hot 3. Enveloped in universal sea 4. Great volcanic activity 5. Emergence of Lang animals 6. Congigureation of land masses 7. Humans appear
Built the iron sphere experiment
Age:74,000
Lord Kelvin
18/1900’s Based on heat arguments and the law of conservation of energy; 3 processes that will end 1. Spinning 2. Heat 3. The sun shines
Age: 2,200 years old
Radioactivity … who?
Rutherford
Holmes
Patterson
Rutherford
18/1900
Rutherford’s law of radioactive decay
Radioactive atoms decay randomly but at a relatively average rate
Decay-transform into the daughter element
Can date from 400 to 2,200 million of years
Holmes
18/1900’s produced geological time scale that hasn’t changed much since
Plotted data from isochromes
Age:3,500 millions of years old
Patterson
1900’s
From a meteorite
Age: 4,500 million years old
