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Ancient History Mid Term Flashcards

1
Q

Cuneiform

A

Earliest Symbol of writing
Sumerian, Mesopotamia
3200BC

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2
Q

Cuneiform

Significance

A 
Development of the civilization 
Sophisticated commerce 
Records 
Admin
First epic 
Overcame inability to represent abstract ideas
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3
Q

Hammurabi

A

Babylonian, Meso.

1754BC

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4
Q

Hammurabi significance

A

Established standards for conduct
Organized civilization
Fines, punishments, justice
Rules for economic exchange

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5
Q

Babylon

A

Meso.
Kingdom
1700-500BC

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6
Q

Babylon sig.

A

United ancient Meso.
Great location for trade
Trade centre

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7
Q

Parthians

A

Iranian political and cultural power
247BC-224CE
Meso.
3rd Persian Empire

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8
Q

Parthians

A

Returning Persia to Persians
Not under direct Roman control
Hellenistic influence

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9
Q

Sasanid Empire

A

224-651ce

4th Persian Empire

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10
Q

Sassanid sig.

A

Last empire before Islām
Iranian state after Alexander the Great
Era of cultural development

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11
Q

Satrap

A

A provincial governor in the Ancient Persian Empire
Established by Darius the 1
Appointed by the king
Payed tribute to the king

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12
Q

Satrap sig.

A

Retain local authority to govern their Empire and establish in-direct rule

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13
Q

Trireme

A

Maritime vessel in Med.
Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans
3 rows of rowers
400ce

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14
Q

Trireme sig.

A

Advanced war technology

Won the battle of Salamis in the Persian war (the Greeks war)

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15
Q

Hoplite

A

Foot soldier
Ancient Greece
600-300BCE

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16
Q

Hoplite sig.

A

Greeks term for citizens that they gave spears and gave spears
Need for bigger armies

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17
Q

Carthage

A 
Phoenician state 600-200bc
North west Africa+Med.
Major trade hub
Hostile to Greeks in Sicily+Roman Republic 
Punic wars, Sicilian wars
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18
Q

Carthage sig.

A

Powerful before Roman Empire
Proximity to trade routes
Harbour
Became a Roman colony under Julius Caesar

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19
Q

Polis

A

Fortified city centre
-acropolis
Archaic Period
Ruled by bodies of citizens

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20
Q

Polis sig.

A

Strong sense of loyalty belonging to their original polis
Identities and citizenships
Colonies, enslaved, military

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21
Q

Alexander the Great

A

Macedonia
356-323BCE
Conquered other city states

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22
Q

Alexander the Great sig.

A 
Unified Greece 
Corinthian League 
Conquered others 
Took Persians 
Mix of culture from settlement 
Generals caught over the empire after death
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23
Q

Confucianism

A

Social + ethical philosophy
Filial piety
Humaneness
Ritual
Confucius (551-479)BC—warring state period
China (Han dynasty 200bc Quing dynasty 1900’s)

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24
Q

Confucianism sig.

A

Moral framework
Brought stability after changeover of dynasties
Bases of good government

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25
Q

Qin Shihuangdi

A

Emperor of China (259-210bc)

Founder of Qin Dynasty

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26
Q

Qin Shihuangdi sig.

A 
First official emperor 
Based on legalism reforms 
Abolished aristocracy, hereditary 
Reform states for central power 
Standardized currency and writing systems
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27
Q

Xiong’nu

A 
200bc-100ce
Northwest Steppe of China 
Nomadic 
Fought and traded empirical China 
Appeared in only Chinese records 
Everything China isn’t 
Horses
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28
Q

Gandhara

A

Region in the Peshawar valley
Northwest Indian subcontinent
Important Buddhist and Hindu centre of learning

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29
Q

Romanitas

A

Romannesss
117-890ce
Political and cultural status

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30
Q

Romanitas

A

Pride in their civil way of life
Recognition that they don’t own everything
Define people who aren’t, people who are

31
Q

Aqueduct

A

Water-course
Advanced tech. And innovation
Irrigation, health improved=bathing, drinking water

32
Q

Pax Romana

A 
Refers to the Roman time of peace 
Inner peace for the citizens 
Civil service jobs 
Uniform justice system more equal 
Uniform money expand trade 
Safer roads
33
Q

Oases

A

Pocket of sustainable living in a dessert or barren land

34
Q

Oases sig.

A

Opened trade
Trade posts for caravan
Water
Can now cross deserts

35
Q

Bactrian Camels

A

Domesticated around 2500bc in Arabia
Used in inner Asian
Cold and warm temp

36
Q

Bactrian camels sig.

A

Tolerance to cold, drought, high altitudes, sand

Enabled travel

37
Q

Sogdians

A

Iranian civilization

500bc-1000ce

38
Q

Sogdians sig.

A 
Main caravan merchants of central Asia 
Expansive commercial network 
Control trade from east and west 
Expanded to the steppes 
Settled 
Languages, translation 
Religiously tolerant
39
Q

Kushan empire

A

Bactrian territories
Formed from Yuezhi
1st century

40
Q

Kushan empire

A 
Connected land and sea trade 
Cosmopolitan
Religion=Greek, Iranian, Indian 
Hellenistic influence+Buddhism=
Mahayana Buddhism 
Tolerant 
Sponsored art
41
Q

Mahayana Buddhism

A

In India
Boddhisattva
Beginning of the common era

42
Q

Mahayana Buddhism sig.

A

Teaches that enlightenment can be thought in a single life time
Open to everyone
=popular and powerful
Largest major religion

43
Q

Boddhisattva

A

Anyone on the path to enlightenment
An ideal person
The idea deity guidance is closer
More accessible

44
Q

Xuanzang

A

Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveller, translator
500 ce
Pilgrimage to India to translate and bring back Buddhist texts

45
Q

Dunhuang

A 
Edge of Gobi desert
China, Gansu province 
Western point of China 
Became part of China in Han dynasty
Lots defence needed
Caravan town+commerce centre
46
Q

Palmyra

A 
Gateway to Rome
2000bc
Taken by Rome in 100ce
Semitic
Cosmopolitan 
Greek on top of Persian 
Trade centre,, especially to Rome 
Wealth, business, finance
-offices, insurance, financial institutions
47
Q

Tabgach/Tuoba

A 
Xianbei clan 
Nomadic
Eurasian steppe
368-535
Sinicized- sucked into Chinese culture 
Long and powerful northern dynasty before reunification under sui + tang
48
Q

Chang’an

A

Ancient capital (Zhou-tang)
Since neolithic
Ideal location for capital-mountains-yellow River-wei River

49
Q

Pipa

A 
Chinese instrument 
Tang Dynasty 
Oud, Pipa, Biwa,Bipa 
Spread of ideas and culture 
Silk Road
Trade influence
50
Q

Foederati

A 
Foreign 
Barbarian tribes
Fall of Roman Empire 
Invited in because it was too big-need more soldiers
Becoming less Roman 
Merit hierarchy
51
Q

Odoacer

A

Head of foederati
Proclaimed himself king of Italy (476)
Deposed Romulus Augustus
End western empire

52
Q

Huns

A

300-500
Raids to western Roman territory
Contributed to fall of Roman Empire
Pushed other nomadic tribes their way

53
Q

Constantine

A

300
Emperor of western Roman Empire
Became sole ruler moved capital to Byzantine
Converted empire to Christianity

54
Q

Ummah

A 
Islamic community 
622
Anyone in the faith 
Universal community 
Identity
Not political
55
Q

Dar al-Islām

A

Regions where Islam is the state
Law prevails
Islamic rule only

56
Q

Baghdad

A 
Heart of Meso.
Biggest city at the time 
Population 
House of wisdom 
Mongol got it in 1258
Centre for Arab and Islamic civilization 
Capital of Abbasid dynasty 762
57
Q

House of Wisdom

A 
Abbasid library
Centre of knowledge, translation 
Circe 700
Many languages 
Many scholars cosmopolitan
58
Q

Shari’a

A 
Islamic law
Standard for living 
Code of living 
God’s wishes
Laws stayed after decline of Caliphate 
Interpreted differently-akkk
Religion split
59
Q

Ibn Buttunta

A 
1300
Scholar/explorer
Travelled entire Islamic world 
Stories/shared knowledge 
Scribe record the world
60
Q

Monsoon

A 
Flooding and drought 
Predict weather 
Sail north then south 
Time it
Wind current in the Himalayan mountains 
Indian+Arabian benefit
61
Q

Dhow

A 
Indian ship
600bc-600ce
Better use of wind 
New tech. Copied 
Borrowed compass from Chinese
62
Q

Junk

A 
Song Dynasty 960-1279
Massive 
Most advanced at the time 
Rudder
Compartment hull for anti flooding
63
Q

Melaka/Malacca

A 
Had to pass through to get to China 
Could tax straight 
Super cosmopolitan 
Diverse 
Trade centre
64
Q

Srivijaya

A

Ruled Malacca
Indonesian empire
1200-1400
Settlement of the sea faring people

65
Q

Scriptorium

A 
Dark ages 
Associated with monasteries 
Dispersal of knowledge 
Information spreading with books 
Religious knowledge
66
Q

Bologna

A 
First university 
1088
Law 
Students made demands 
Large scale education 
Sophisticated 
Cosmopolitan people got along 
Took over some scriptorium 
Secular
67
Q

Avicenna/Ibn Sina

A

Persian physician, astronomer, polymath, writer
Philosopher-scientist of Islām
980-1037

68
Q

Christendom

A

1095-1350
Inner conflict always
No unified pol power
Empire of faith

69
Q

Peasants Crusade

A

1096
Popular crudsade
Lead by Peter the Hermit
Appeal of the crusades

70
Q

T-O map

A

Medival world map
Jerusalem is the centre
Religion influences knowledge

71
Q

Al-Andalus

A

Medieval Muslim territory in south Spain
Iberia
711-collapse of Ummayad dynasty 1000
Caliphate took the Visigoths not good mil.

72
Q

Convivencia

A 
Live in peace 
Jews conditions favourable ish 
Unde Muslim 
Scholars respected 
Traded well 
Could have their own shit
Job protection 
Able to cooperate
73
Q

Reconquista

A 
Christians reconquered 
1000
Competition umong christians 
Fueled the reconquering 
Forced conversion 
Fake Christians
74
Q

Granada

A

Last place to be reconquered

Tribute state that was left

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