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Personality Psychology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychological Triad

A

How people, think, feel and behave

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2
Q

Personality

A

An individual’s characteristic pattern of thoughts, emotion, and behavior, together with the psychological mechanisms behind those patterns

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3
Q

According to McAdams and Pals what are the 5 level models of human personality?

A
  1. Human Nature
  2. Traits
  3. Characteristic Adaptations
  4. Narrative Identity
  5. Culture
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4
Q

Biological Approach

A

Understanding the mind in terms of the body

- Genetic, evolutionary, neurobiology, neurochemistry

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5
Q

Psychoanalytic Approach

A

Unconscious mind and internal mental conflict

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6
Q

Idiographic

A
  1. Personal
  2. Unique snowflakes
  3. Implies that you can never perfectly measure all the reasons a person is who they are
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7
Q

Phenomenological Approach

A

Conscious awareness and experience

- Humanistic Psychology and Cross-cultural Psychology

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8
Q

Learning

A

how behavior changes as a result of rewards , punishments, and life experiences

  • Social learning: learning through observations and self-evaluation
  • Cognitive Personality Psychology: focuses on perception, memory, and thought
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9
Q

Nomothetic

A
  1. Law
  2. Uniqueness, but according to principles and within ranges defined by the laws of nature
  3. ex. some people are driven, genetically and evolutionarily, to find a mate. therefore they may have a goal to get married
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10
Q

Humanistic Psychology

A

how conscious awareness produces uniquely human attributes

  1. Existential Anxiety
  2. Creativity
  3. Free Will
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11
Q

Cross-Cultural Psychology

A

How the experience of reality varies across cultures

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12
Q

Basic Approach (to personality)

A

A theoretical view of personality that focuses on some phenomena (traits, biological, psychoanalytic, phenomenological, learning and cognitive.

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13
Q

Trait Approach

A
  • Conceptualization and measurement of individual differences
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14
Q

Learning

A

How people change their behavior according to rewards, punishments, and other experiences in life

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15
Q

Learning and Cognitive Approaches

A

Behaviorism
Social learning theory
Cognitive Personality Psychology

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16
Q

Funder’s First Law

A

Applies to fields of research, theories, and individual people
- great strengths are usually great weaknesses, and surprisingly often the opposite is true as well

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17
Q

Research

A

The exploration of the unknown

- gathering of data

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18
Q

Funder’s Second Law

A

There are no perfect indicators of personality; there is only clues and clues are always ambiguous

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19
Q

Funder’s Third Law

A

Something beats nothing, two times out of three

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20
Q

S-data

A

Self-judgments/self reports/surveys
Questionnaire a degree to which they are dominant, friendly or conscious
- A person’s evaluation of his or her personality

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21
Q

Advantages of S data

A
  1. Large amount of information
  2. Access to thoughts, feelings, and intentions
  3. Causal force
  4. Simple and easy
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22
Q

Disadvantages of S data

A
  1. Maybe they can’t tell you
  2. Maybe they won’t tell you
  3. Too simple and too easy
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23
Q

Face validity

A

questionnaire used to gather s data

- they are intended to measure what they seem to measure, on their face

24
Q

Self verification

A

People work hard to bring others to threat them in a manner than confirms their self-conception

  • example: if you think you are friendly or ethical or intelligent others see you that way too
  • I data
25
Q

I-data

A

Informants reports

- Judgments by knowledgable informants: family, coworkers, teachers, etc.

26
Q

Advantages of I data

A
  1. Large amount of information
  2. Real world basis
  3. Common sense
  4. Some I data are true by definition
  5. Casual force
  6. many behave differently in different situations
27
Q

Disadvantages on I data

A
  1. Limited behavioral information
  2. Lack of access to private experience
  3. Error
  4. Bias
28
Q

L-data

A

Life outcomes

29
Q

Advantages of L data

A
  1. Objective and verifiable
  2. Intrinsic importance
  3. Psychological relevance
30
Q

Disadvantages of L data

A
  1. Multidetermination

2. Possible lack of psychological relevance

31
Q

B-data

A

Behavioral observations

32
Q

Advantages of B data

A
  1. Wide range of context (both real and contrived)

2. Appearance of objectivity

33
Q

Disadvantages of B data

A
  1. Difficult and expensive

2. Uncertain interpretations

34
Q

B-data Lab experiment

A

Marshmallow test: you can eat it now but if you wait you get two

35
Q

Advantages of B-data Lab

A
  1. Range of context in the lab

2. Appearance of objectivity

36
Q

Disadvantages of B-data Lab

A

Uncertain interpretation

37
Q

Expectancy Effect

A

People become what others expect them to be

- If people expect you to be sociable, aloof, or even intelligent you may tend to be just that

38
Q

Behavioral Confirmation

A

Also know as expectancy effect

  • People become what others expect them to be
  • If people expect you to be sociable, aloof, or even intelligent you may tend to be just that
39
Q

Big Five is _____, Neuroticism is ______.

A

reliability, validity

40
Q

Generalizablity

A

Degree to which your results apply to the real world and all people around the whole at a time

41
Q

Reliablity

A

Measurement reflects what you are trying to access, not effected by anything else.

42
Q

Measurement Error

A

.

43
Q

State

A

example trying to measure a person’s mood

- current and temporary

44
Q

Trait

A

Level of emotional experience

45
Q

Aggregation

A

averaging

- enhancing reliability of measurement in any domain

46
Q

Spearman-Brown formula

A

.

47
Q

Constructs

A

.

48
Q

Experimental Method

A

.

49
Q

Correlation Method

A

.

50
Q

Objective Test

A

Detected at a glance

consists of yes/no or true/false

51
Q

Factor Analysis

A

identifies groups of things that seem to have some things in common

52
Q

Content Validity

A

.

53
Q

Type I Error

A

involves deciding that one variable has an effect on/relationship with another variable when it doesn’t

54
Q

Type II Error

A

involves deciding that one variable does not have an effect on/relationship with another variable when it does

55
Q

Binomial Effect Size Display (BESD)

A

.

56
Q

Interactionism

A

It is much more accurate to see persons and situations as constantly interacting to produce behavior together

Personality Psychology (4 decks)

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