Quiz 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

Children pick up the culture into which they are born (a process called __________) and people who move from one country to another may gradually learn the culture of their new home (a process called __________).

A

enculturation; acculturation

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2
Q

Compare these two proverbs from different cultures: “The nail that stands out gets pounded down,” and “The squeaky wheel gets the grease.” The first proverb seems to capture the point of view of a __________ culture, while the second is from a __________ culture.

A

collectivistic; individualistic

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3
Q

Differences in how much U.S. cities emphasize values such as “fairness, mercy, hope” and “artistic excellence, curiosity, learning” are present in which cultural dimension?

A

Head versus heart

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4
Q

Different cultures, it seems, developed over long periods of time, in different circumstances and with different problems. Select the correct answer to re-create the model that shows, from left to right, the flow of causation that is inherent to this ecological approach to culture.

A

ecology, culture, socialization, personality, behavior

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5
Q

Harry Triandis hypothesizes that tight cultures tend to be societies that have what characteristics?

A

They are ethnically homogeneous and densely populated.

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6
Q

n general, members of __________ cultures spend less time with more people; members of __________ cultures spend more time with fewer people.

A

individualist; collectivist

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7
Q

In personality psychology, which focuses on the psychological differences between individuals, why does culture often come into play?

A

Individuals may differ from each other to the extent that they belong to different cultural groups

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8
Q

Individualistic and collectivist societies can be further categorized as either

A

Vertical or horizontal

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9
Q

Many pedestrians, bicyclists, and skateboarders in Brooklyn, New York, complain about Hassidic Jewish drivers. There is a great and widely accessible body of anecdotal evidence suggesting that Hassidic Jewish drivers are terrors on the road, ignoring traffic signals and all common sense to collide with passersby at every opportunity that could present itself. Those people who fall prey to the idea that, indeed, all Hassidic Jewish drivers are hazards behind the wheel are caught up in what psychological phenomenon?

A

Outgroup Homogeneity Bias

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10
Q

The comparison between cultures that tolerate very little deviance from the norm and cultures that give great allowance toward the norm is reflected in which dimension of difference?

A

The tightness-looseness dimension

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11
Q

The idea that some people integrate multiple cultural identities to gain the maximum benefit from each while others experience conflict and stress is called

A

bicultural identity integration

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12
Q

The universal components of any idea are called __________, and the particular aspects of the same idea are called __________.

A

etics; emics

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13
Q

There are certain hazards inherent in any discussion of the genetic differences between cultural groups, and several points should always be emphasized in order to avoid the pitfalls of this discourse. Which of the following answers is NOT one of these points?

A

Digging too deeply could uncover one culture’s superiority to another.

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14
Q

Western cultures are more frequently seen as __________, while Eastern cultures are seen as __________, categories that often center on different definitions of the __________.

A

individualistic; collectivistic; self

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15
Q

What is cultural relativism

A

the idea that all cultural views of reality are equally valid

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16
Q

What is NOT a reason why psychologists are interested in cross-cultural differences?

A

a. to explore the variance in human experience
b. to expand the limits on generalizability
c. to find solutions to cross-cultural conflicts
d. to understand why some groups of people are inherently better and worse than others.

17
Q

What is the purpose of the research technique called item response theory (IRT)?

A

to improve the degree to which personality tests are comparable from one group to the next

18
Q

What term is employed to mean the physical layout and resources of the land where a culture originated, together with the distinctive tasks and challenges this culture has faced?

A

Ecology

19
Q

What term refers to psychological attributes of groups?

A

Culture

20
Q

Why is the meaning of trait level comparisons between cultures not always clear?

A

It may not be true that the same traits can be used to meaningfully describe people from different cultures