Test 1 Flashcards
Causes of stuttering
emotional emotional anxiety genetics physical trauma neurological differences
What is stuttering?
lack of fluency disjointed speech repetitions getting stuck drawn out sound you know it when you hear it
What are the 2 divisions of stuttering
Core
Normal
What are the 3 parts of the core division?
Primary
within word
stuttering like
What are the 3 parts of the normal division?
Between word
accessory
secondary
What are the 5 core stutters?
- Syllable Repetition (SLR)
- Sound Repetition (SR)
- Block (B)
- Prolongation (P)
- Broken word (BW) (/)
SLR
Syllable repetition
SR
Sound repetition
B
block
moment of silence
P
Prolongation
pressing of sound
BW
Broken word
What are the 4 normal stutters?
- Interjection (I)
- Revision (R)
- Phrase Repetition (PR)
- Word Repetition (WR)
I
Interjection
R
Revision
PR
Phrase repetition
WR
word repetition
T or F
Stuttering is highly changeable?
T
What are 2 characteristics that are classic but not visible/ audible behaviors?
- Affective (emotional) reaction: fear or anxiety, etc.
2. Cognitive reaction: word avoidance, anticipation avoidance behaviors, word substitutions, self regard.
Affective and Cognitive reactions are what?
Core and not visible behaviors
Give one example of a reaction to a stutter?
Concommitant behavior
What is a concomitant behavior?
It features secondary behaviors that are visible. The physical action can help a person move on from a stutter. The brain may get used to this behavior and then stop working.
T or F
Can you use a test and not transcription for stuttering?
NO
How many words do you need for your sample size?
100
About what percent of all children go through a period of stuttering lasting for 6 months or more?
5%
What is the prevalence of chronic stuttering around the globe?
1%
What are the 4 core features of normal stuttering?
Word repetition
phrase repetition
Interjections
Revisions
About what percent of all children will pull up with a phonology dx?
8-9%
About what percent of the 8-9% of children with a phonology dx will be severe enough to need tx?
80% of the 8-9%
Of the 8-9% with a phonology dx, what percent will have academic problems?
of the 8-9%, 50-70% will have academic problems
Phonology dx’s are a _____ _____!
big deal! They have long lasting effects
What percent of kids will have an SLI?
2-8%
What percent of kids will have a voice dx?
6-23%
Of the 6-23% of kids with a voice dx what percent will be caused by nodules?
10%
What percent of adults have a voice dx?
2.5%
What percent of adults have a language dx?
2.5% (this includes people with dementia, autism, etc)
1 in every ____ children are born with a craniofacial dx?
500
Of the 1% of people globally who stutter, what percent will not get better from tx and what percent will have some befit?
30%
70% better but not cured.
Successful stuttering therapy for adults can be contributed to a combination of what three things?
Behavioral
Affective and
cognitive change
Efficacy and effectiveness for children comes from what four types of studies?
- fluency shaping
- operant or response contingent approaches
- language based approaches
- indirect approaches
child is taught to change the entirety of speech production though stretched vowels consonants and easy or smooth onset of speech.
fluency shaping
speech fluency is increased and stuttering is decreased through reinforcement and punishment
operant or response contingent approaches
spontaneous fluency in utterances of increasing length and complexity is practiced and reinforced.
language based approaches
turn switching pauses of increased duration and reduced rate of speech used by parents and teachers
indirect approaches.
What are said to be the only responsible approaches for stuttering clients?
fluency shaping
and operant approaches
