chp 1

Question 1

When is the onset of childhood stuttering the highest?

Answer 1

Between the 2nd and 4th birthday

Question 2

Stuttering usually begins in childhood between what ages?

Answer 2

30 and 36months

Question 3

What is the most efficient and effective strategy for preventing stuttering?

Answer 3

early identification and treatment

Question 4

What percent of preschoolers continue to stutter after the first year or two of onset?

Answer 4

20-25%

Question 5

If stuttering persists past…….

Answer 5

puberty it can become a life long disability

Question 6

A substantial percentage of young preschoolers who stutter are later reported to have what 4 things?

Answer 6

1. immature articulatory or phonological skills
2. speech
3. language
4. learning difficulties

Question 7

INDICATORS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD STUTTERING:

What kinds of speech disruptions are eliciting parental concerns?

Answer 7

1. monosyllabic whole-and part word repetitions
2. sound prolongations and tense pauses
3. fixed artiulatory positions
4. single syllable repetitions

Question 8

Remission of stuttering can happen at any age but at least half occurs when?

Answer 8

within 2 years

Question 9

Is there a family history of persistent stuttering?

Answer 9

A child from a family with a history of persistent stuttering is much more likely to continue to stutter for at least 3 year post onset.

Question 10

Indicators of early childhood stuttering, what are 4 questions?

Answer 10

1. what kinds of speech disruptions are eliciting parental concerns?
2. Have the child’s speech disruptions changed since parents first became concerned?
3. How long have parents been concerned about child’s fluency?
4. How valid do parents’ concerns about stuttering appear to be?

Question 11

INDICATORS OF NEED FOR TREATMENT

What are 4 questions?

Answer 11

1. Is there a family history of persistent stuttering?
2. Are the child’s speech and language abilities age-appropriate?
3. Have the child’s speech disruptions changed from predominantly tow- or three-unit, seemingly effortless repetitions, to sound prolongations, tense pauses, and lengthy repetitions that are often accompanied by muscle tension and ancillary facial and body movements?
4. Does the child often react emotionally or express concern about his or her disfluent speech?

Question 12

INDICATORS OF NEED FOR TREATMENT:
T or F
Kids who stutter are more likely to have speech, language, and learning disabilities?

Answer 12

T

Question 13

INDICATORS OF NEED FOR TREATMENT:
If a child’s disfluencies are accompanied by what 5 things for more than a year, the child has an increased risk that stuttering will persist for life?

Answer 13

1. muscle tension
2. interruptions
   cessation of:
3. articulator movement
4. airflow
5. phonation

Question 14

What do emotional responses potentially tell us about therapy?

Answer 14

The stuttering is evolving into a more complex/severe problem that can be more challenging to treat.

Question 15

CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS AND TESTING:

4 steps for a diagnostic plan for preschoolers?

Answer 15

1. observe/ video recording of child/parent interaction
2. clinician joins parent child interaction (see how child responds)
3. alternate speech-language tests with games (assess receptive language first)
4. compare child with clinician VS child with parent

Question 16

CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS AND TESTING:

What are 4 things you can do if the child has not stuttered or stuttered infrequently?

Answer 16

1. story retell
2. increase communicative stress by rushing the child
3. stimulate emotionally or excite the child
4. audiometric screening

Question 17

Record samples on _______ _____ with _______ ________ and while engaged in different speaking tasks.

Answer 17

different days

different partners

Question 18

How many syllables should you count in a sample?

Answer 18

500 to 1000

Question 19

Word count may be better for two and three year old children, but syllable might be better for who?

Answer 19

children whose utterances include a sizable percentage (>25%) of multi-syllable words.

Question 20

Procedure A

Answer 20

• count each syllable or word only once (and calculate the number of disfluencies)
• count the number of SLD’s (stutter like disfluencies)

Question 21

SLD

Stuttering-like disfluencies

Answer 21

within-word repetitions, monosyllabic word repetitions having two or more iterations, sound prolongations or dysrhythmic phonation, tense pauses, or any other type of disfluency that is perceived to involve excessive muscle tension or effort in it’s production.

Question 22

Procedure B

Answer 22

• only syllables are used in assessing a sample’s disfluencies
• must include a minimum of 500 syllables

Question 23

Supplementary measures

Answer 23

• the % of total disfluencies that were SLD’s
• the % of SLR’s (two or more iterations)
• average # of iterations found in 10randomly selected SLR’s and the largest # found i one SLR
• the % of disfluencies clustering on the same or adjacent syllables or words, and the average # of disfluencies per cluster
• the % of SLD’s that were accompanied by accessory behaviors in 10 randomly selected SLD’s
• mean duration of 10 randomly selected, dysrhythmic phonation and of 10 tense pauses

Question 24

Mairi 1997

Answer 24

Children who stop stuttering without receiving treatment within 2 years of stuttering onset evidence decreases in their SLD’s during the first 15 months following stuttering onset.

Question 25

What are 3 signs that treatment should begin without delay?

Answer 25

1. the extent of the communication disability
2. the distress of the child/client/family
3. the risk of the child continuing to stutter

Question 26

What % of total disfluencies would qualify a child as being at risk or having a stuttering problem?

Answer 26

10%

Question 27

What are some common issues child who stutter might have?

Answer 27

• failure to use age appropriate language forms (phonology)

- LLD is common