Recording #2 Flashcards
Epidemiology
Study of epidemic diseases
Branch of medical science
Recoding how many cases are developed IN A SPECIFIC PEROID OF TIME (usually 1 year)
Incidence
How many cases do we have right now? How many people are living with the disorder, IN A SPECIFIC PERIOD OF TIME.
How deadly is something and how likely are people to recover.
Prevalence
This can be seen, measured, and counted.
Behavior
Stuttering is a?
Behavior
This may not be considered an accurate measure of stuttering?
Attitude
Stuttering can be?
silent
Why is stuttering hard to define/operationalize?
It is difficult to define because we may agree on core features, but there may be so much more going on like attitudes and emotions. People can’t agree on a physical, emotional, or combined definition. A definition is crucial to developing a theory or cause.
No definition–>No Theory–>No Cause
Name That Theorist:
He approached everything as a neurosis.
Freud
Name That Theorist:
He says stuttering is a neurotic disorder, personality disturbance, and a reflection of the competing desires to talk and remain silent.
Freud
Name That Theorist:
Stuttering is a fault and personality flaw. Somebody caused it (MOM)
Mom did not respond appropriately
Freud
Name That Theorist:
This person represented a paradime shift in psychology. 1900-1940
Freud
Name That Theorist:
Cerebral Dominance Theory
Oroton and Travis in the 1920’s
What is the Cerebral Dominance Theory?
Oroton and Travis in the 1920’s
- Lack of central synchronization in the brain
- The midline did not act in concert
- Non-dominant hemisphere struggled to keep up
- Dominant hemisphere provided the pacing of speech
Name That Theorist:
-Lack of cerebral processing center on one side of the brain, which was powerful enough to impose tiny patterns on the other hemisphere is viewed as basic organic factor in stuttering.
Oroton and Travis in the 1920’s
Name That Theorist:
- Motor speech could not be smoothly coordinated
- Stutterers who were left handed were forced to be right handed (cerebral dominance theory)
Oroton and Travis in the 1920’s
Name That Theorist:
- Stuttering is in the ear of the listener
- Someone is to blame
- Overcritical mothers cause stuttering due to undo attention to normal disfluencies
- This promoted blame
- Associated with the monster study
Wendell Johnson 1930’s
Name That Theorist:
- Worked with Wendell Johnson
- Iowa Therapy 40’s-60’s-today
- Emotional Theory
- Came out in opposition to the cerebral dominance theory
VanRiper 1940’s
What are the 2 Goals of VanRiper’s Iowa Therapy?
- Desensitization: reduce shame and anxiety caused by stuttering
- Stuttering Modification: teach stutters to modify the way they stutter
- accept the stutter and relax
- Reduce the tension
