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History 9 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Allah

A

God(Arabic word, used mainly in Islam)

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2
Q

Caliph

A

A supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government

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3
Q

Calligraphy

A

The art of beautiful handwriting

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4
Q

Fatimid

A

A member of a Muslim dynasty that traced it’s ancestry to Muhammad’s daughter Fatima and that built and Empire in North Africa, Arabis and Syria

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5
Q

Hajj

A

A pilgrimage to Mecca preformed as a duty by Muslims

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6
Q

Hijrah

A

Muhammad’s migration from Mecca to Medina (Yathrib) in 622 AD, the first year of the Islamic calendar

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7
Q

House of Wisdom

A

A center of learning established in Baghdad in the 800s

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8
Q

Islam

A

A monotheistic religion that developed in Arabia in the seventh century AD

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9
Q

Mosque

A

An Islamic place of worship

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10
Q

Muslim

A

A follower of Islam

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11
Q

Qur’an

A

The holy book of Islam

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12
Q

Shari’a

A

A body of law governing the lives of Muslims

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13
Q

Shi’a

A

The branch of Islam whose members acknowledged Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad

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14
Q

Sufi

A

A Muslim who seeks to achieve direct contact with God through mystical means

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15
Q

Sunna

A

An Islamic model for living based on the life and teachings of Muhammad

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16
Q

Sunni

A

The branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad

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17
Q

Umayyads

A

A dynasty that ruled the Muslim empire from 661AD to 750AD and later established a kingdom in al-Andalus

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18
Q

Muslims

A

People who follow Islam

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19
Q

Who was Muhammad

A

The founder of Islam, the prophet of Allah, the messenger of Allah

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20
Q

What was the night of power?

A

A sacred event where Muhammad received the call to be gods messenger: The Prophet of Allah

21
Q

When did Muhammad begin preaching to the people of Mecca?

A

613 AD

22
Q

What does Islam mean?

A

Islam is an Arabic word that means acceptance, submission, surrender or commitment. Related to the Arabic word for peace.

23
Q

What does Muslim mean?

A

Someone who makes peace

24
Q

How many followers does Islam have?

A

Over a billion, 1/5 of the world’s population

25
Q

What did Mohammad’s childhood include?

A

His father dying before he was born and his mom dying before he was 6. He lived with a nomadic tribe.

26
Q

What was the name of Muhammad’s wife?

A

Khadija, she was the nomadic tribe leader.

27
Q

How many kids did Muhammad have?

A

4 daughters, and 3 sons who died in infancy

28
Q

What did Muhammad first do when he began preaching?

A
  • Began preaching to the people of Mecca in 613
  • Told them to believe in the oneness of Allah: Allah is the only God
  • Gathered followers from all classes in Mecca
  • Called for the submission to the will of the one true God
  • Merchants of Mecca ignored him
29
Q

What are the five pillars of faith?

A 
Belief in Allah
Belief in angels of God
Belief in the Quran
Belief in judgement day
Belief that God is responsible for everything
30
Q

What are the five pillars of Islam?

A

Faith: To become a Muslim a person must make a statement to Allah
Prayer: Fives time a day
Alms: To support the less fortunate
Fasting: Not eating food or indulging in pleasure during Ramadan
Pilgrimage: All Muslims who are able to must have to preform the Hajj

31
Q

Abbasids

A

A dynasty that ruled ruled much of the Muslim empire from 750 AD to 1258 AD

32
Q

What were the repercussions of Muhammad first preaching to the Meccans?

A

Tribe leaders tried to bribe him with offers of wealth
Merchants of Mecca ignored him
He and his followers were persucuted

33
Q

What occurred 622 when the religion was moved to Medina by Muhammad?

A

He built the first mosque
Drafted agreements with opposing clans to have mutual respect for each other
The religion flourished in Medina
Jewish leaders denied him as prophet

34
Q

What does caliph mean?

A

Successor

35
Q

Who were the rightly guided caliphs in order?

A

Muhammad
Abu Bakr
Uthman
Ali

36
Q

What did Abu-Bakr put in place in order to help Islam survive and expand?

A

Jihad, holy wars to take over empires

37
Q

What empires had Islam taken over under Jihad?

A

Syria, Egypt and parts of the Sassanid empire

38
Q

By 750 how much land had the muslims conquered?

A

6,000 square miles

39
Q

What was the order of higher power in the muslim empire?

A

Rightly guided caliphs, Ummayads, Abbasids

40
Q

What did the Ummayads change within the muslim empire?

A

They focused on wealth and abandoned the life of the past caliphs
Moved the capital of islam to damascus which helped them control the empire

41
Q

Sufi

A

A muslim who are very spiritual and believe a life of poverty. They rejected the wealthy life of the ummayads

42
Q

Shi’a

A

People who believe the decedents of ali as the true successors to Muhammad.

43
Q

Sunni

A

Resisted the rule of the ummayads and believed in the ways of muhammad. Acknowledge the 4 caliphs as the rightful successors.

44
Q

What did the Abasids do?

A

The most powerful rebel group that ruthlessly murdered all the members of the ummayad family.
Moved the capital to baghdad
Developed a strong bureaucracy which kept track of the flow of money
They also taxed imports, exports, land and non muslims

45
Q

What cultures combined to make

A

Arab, Turkish and Persian

46
Q

What law do muslims follow?

A

Sharia Law

47
Q

How many wives could a muslim have?

A

Up to 4, he paid a tax for the extras

48
Q

How could men divorce a wife?

A

By saying “I dismiss you.”

History 9 (11 decks)

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