Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cultural Anthropology > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

ethnology

A

comparison of different cultures based on the ethnographies about them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

archaeology

A

study of prehistory (times before writing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

culture

A

learned and shared behaviors that can and do change with time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

hominin

A

bipedal primates/ tribe that includes humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

allophone

A

variant of a phoneme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

parallel cousins

A

children of siblings of the same sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cross cousins

A

children of siblings of opposite sexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

sororal polygamy

A

type of polygamy where a man is married to a woman and her sisters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

exogamy

A

marriage outside group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

totem

A

emblem of a clan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

participant observation

A

main method of ethnography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ethnography

A

written description of a culture and work required to get data to write monograph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ethnohistory

A

refers to old writings about cultures??? Or study of the past of people who don’t have writing systems or histories of their own?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

artifacts

A

things people make

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sites

A

places where people made things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hominid

A

human family; includes humans, fossil humans, and our ape relatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

primates

A

order that includes humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

4 types of anthropology

A

1) Biological (physical) anthropology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cultural anthropology

A

study of contemporary peoples and their culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

holism

A

what anthropology aspires to be; trying to understand the human species in its entirety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

classics

A

anthropology dealing with Egypt, Greece, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Biological anthropology

A

study of evolution and how humans are related to other primates; how primates relate to human behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Homo sapiens

A

member of hominin tribe (us + our ancestors going back 4 MYA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

bipedalism

A

walking on 2 legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Ardipithecus

A

first hominin discovered, was bipedal and had prehensile hands and feet, lived in trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

prehensile

A

able to grasp things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

spinal cord in center of skull

A

identifying mark of bipedalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

spinal cord toward back of skull

A

indicates not having bipedalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Australopithecus

A

bipedal primate found in Laetoli, had larger brains, lived on African savannah

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Laetoli

A

volcanic valley in Africa where Australopithecus was found

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Homo habilis

A

first genus to be found with tools, had larger brains than Australopithecus, only lived in Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Homo erectus

A

first hominin to leave Africa, double the brain size of Australopithecus, used fire to cook and hunt, like had spears, likely had sophisticated level of communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

characteristics of primates

A

1) large brains relative to body size

34
Q

theory of self

A

concept of knowing oneself; ability to recognize oneself in a mirror

35
Q

theory of mind

A

understanding others know different things than you know and that others can have different thoughts than yours; ex: ability to point to something and have someone know to look where you are pointing

36
Q

primate culture examples

A

grooming type varies by region and tool use varies by region

37
Q

human taxonomy

A

Class: Mammals

38
Q

linguistic anthropology

A

study of languages that are lesser-known or disappearing

39
Q

phoneme

A

contrasting sound

40
Q

bilabial

A

you have to close your lips to say it (p and b)

41
Q

minimal pair

A

two words that vary only by one sound (pit and bit)

42
Q

society

A

groups of people that share a common culture

43
Q

cultural relativism

A

premise that all cultures are equally good and morally right

44
Q

ethnocentrism

A

belief that one’s own culture is superior to others

45
Q

diffusion

A

cultural borrowing; can indicate how culture changes

46
Q

archaeology

A

study of the past and includes all humans of all times in the past; studies artifacts at sites

47
Q

simple hunter gatherers

A

tend to build simple huts, can live in extreme environments (such as Saami, inuit), lower population density, immediate return on food, no surplus

48
Q

complex hunter gatherers

A

uncommon, not mobile, do not have agriculture, but do intensify use of resources around them, live in more dense sedentary settlements, produce surplus

49
Q

Pleistocene

A

ice ages, 2 MYA-10 KYA

50
Q

Holocene

A

10 KYA - Present

51
Q

epoch

A

eras such as Pleistocene and Holocene

52
Q

5 places agriculture rose

A

Mesopotamia, Southeast Asia, Mexico, Pero, China

53
Q

benefit of agriculture

A

allowed people to grow more food than population required (surplus) which allowed human population to rapidly grow

54
Q

band

A

collection of households

55
Q

urbanization

A

congregation in cities

56
Q

intensification

A

manipulation of areas of land tog et maximum permanent use out of it (terracing, irrigation, etc)

57
Q

sedentism

A

living in one place continuously

58
Q

tribe

A

people who speak the same language and have the same heritage and ideas

59
Q

matrilineal

A

descended through females

60
Q

clan

A

describes married persons of the same sex living together

61
Q

levirate

A

when a brother has a claim to his dead brother’s wives

62
Q

benefit of Tiwi diet and exercise levels

A

gave them strength, endurance, and speed

63
Q

acephalous society

A

society with no leader or head

64
Q

reciprocity

A

giving something and expecting something back in return

65
Q

cultural universals

A

1) Humans depend on each other in groups

66
Q

taboo

A

banned behaviors

67
Q

incest taboo

A

arguable defines us as humans, the ban on people having sex with their siblings

68
Q

reciprocal economy

A

people tend to not explicitly calculate value of gifts

69
Q

productivity (language)

A

possibility of having infinity new utterances

70
Q

displacement (language)

A

ability to reference past or future, or places where you are not currently

71
Q

morphemes

A

strings of phonemes; units of limited individual meaning

72
Q

characteristics of language

A

1) productivity

73
Q

religion

A

organized belief in phenomenon that cannot be demonstrated scientifically or empirically, involves concept of supernatural and things not evident to senses

74
Q

tautology

A

saying the same things right after another (circular logic)

75
Q

art

A

tends to be associated with earliest evidence of religion

76
Q

ascribed status

A

status that is inherited and cannot be changed (how we are related to our relatives)

77
Q

achieved status

A

status that you can change (poor–>rich)

78
Q

affines

A

relatives by marriage (in-laws)

79
Q

rite of initiation

A

when a youth is put through an ordeal in which he/she is isolated from society and goes through a transition

80
Q

properties of rites of initiation

A

separation, transition, reincorporation

81
Q

birth rights

A

children are named after it is known they will live past infancy

82
Q

teknonymy

A

parents are renamed once their children are named

Cultural Anthropology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions