Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

restudies

A

what Louis and Freeman did

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2
Q

ability of an anthropologists to consistently repeat results

A

anthropological reliability

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3
Q

primary landscape transformation

A

changes caused by human activity in which species turnover is nearly complete; occurs many years after humans change the land and the land reaches new equilibrium of flora and fauna

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4
Q

offers loans to developing countries

A

World Bank

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5
Q

cooperatives

A

small nonprofit corporations and associations with legal recognition for the purpose of defending native’s rights to land, language, and indigenous culture

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6
Q

multisited

A

ethnography occurring in multiple sites around the world; such as the Nuer in Sudan and America

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7
Q

family formed by neolocal residence

A

nuclear family (residence pattern)

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8
Q

anthropological validity

A

anthropologists were physically present in culture

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9
Q

diaspora

A

outward spread of a culture via migration

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10
Q

ethnotourism

A

tourists visit natives in their own villages or communities

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11
Q

involves the comparison of a past society to a modern one known ethnographically

A

ethnographic analogy

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12
Q

causes of collapse

A

becoming too top heavy (too many in upper class), overtaxation of peasant class

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13
Q

anthropological reliability

A

ability of an anthropologists to consistently repeat results

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14
Q

Millenarian movement

A

synonym for revitalization movement

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15
Q

changes caused by human activity in which species turnover is nearly complete; occurs many years after humans change the land and the land reaches new equilibrium of flora and fauna

A

primary landscape transformation

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16
Q

Smith’s S

A

salience

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17
Q

do no harm

A

1 ethical rule binding anthropologists

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18
Q

21st center reality of a modern world system

A

Globalization

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19
Q

familiarity with multiple cultures and languages

A

cosmopolitanism

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20
Q

period that occurred after the Classic Period (AD 750-1000) in which sociopolitical complexity collapsed

A

Terminal Classic

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21
Q

kindred

A

ego focused descent group

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22
Q

Terminal Classic

A

period that occurred after the Classic Period (AD 750-1000) in which sociopolitical complexity collapsed

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23
Q

chattel slavery

A

slavery associated with colonialism

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24
Q

indigeneity

A

sense of belonging to some specific place and being someone who is native or aboriginal, a descendant of the first people to live in the place considered to be a homeland

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25
Q

hypogamy

A

marriage below one’s class

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26
Q

conical clan

A

group formed by ambilineal descent/ ancestor focused kinship group

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27
Q

subculture

A

A culture that is shared by a smaller group of people who are also part of a larger culture.

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28
Q

epistemological relativism

A

aka nihilism; belief that nothing is true, or everything anyone says is equally as true as anything anyone else says

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29
Q

main method of cultural anthropology

A

participant observation

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30
Q

participant development and activist anthropology

A

synonyms for participant intervention

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31
Q

languages that have a low chance of becoming extinct due to the fact that so many people speak them. Tend to be European languages from colonial era

A

prestige languages

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32
Q

synonyms for participant intervention

A

participant development and activist anthropology

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33
Q

leopard skin chief

A

Nuer shaman/ mitigator

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34
Q

advantage of globalization

A

illegality becomes harder to hide due to massive global communication

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35
Q

A culture that is shared by a smaller group of people who are also part of a larger culture.

A

subculture

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36
Q

hybridity

A

cultural mixing that derives from the instantaneous communication and worldwide networks of transportation associated with globalization

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37
Q

agricultural regression

A

abandoning the use of agriculture and other technologies such as fire, which is essential to cook and process agricultural foods

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38
Q

small nonprofit corporations and associations with legal recognition for the purpose of defending native’s rights to land, language, and indigenous culture

A

cooperatives

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39
Q

island where Bugis lived

A

Sulawesi

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40
Q

revisionism

A

ethnographers going to sites where other ethnographers have worked and finding flaws in their data

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41
Q

illegality becomes harder to hide due to massive global communication

A

advantage of globalization

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42
Q

synonym for revitalization movement

A

Millenarian movement

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43
Q

participant observation

A

main method of cultural anthropology

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44
Q

period from AD 300-750 where agricultural intensification occurred

A

Classic Period

45
Q

marrying within group

A

endogamy

46
Q

World Bank

A

offers loans to developing countries

47
Q

becoming too top heavy (too many in upper class), overtaxation of peasant class

A

causes of collapse

48
Q

nuclear family (residence pattern)

A

family formed by neolocal residence

49
Q

slavery associated with colonialism

A

chattel slavery

50
Q

IMF, regulates global exchange rates

A

International Monetary Fund

51
Q

HTS; seeks to embed anthropologists into combat units so that their expertise may be used on the ground to determine the difference between friend or foe

A

Human Terrain System

52
Q

outward spread of a culture via migration

A

diaspora

53
Q

endogamy

A

marrying within group

54
Q

islands where the Tiwi live

A

Bathurst and Melville

55
Q

marriage above one’s class

A

hypergamy

56
Q

payment from the family of the husband to the family of the bride

A

bride wealth

57
Q

overnutrition

A

phenomenon related to global obesity epidemic

58
Q

Zipf’s Law

A

most commonly used words tend to be one morpheme long

59
Q

International Monetary Fund

A

IMF, regulates global exchange rates

60
Q

exclusion hypothesis

A

notion that high-energy, carbohydrate rich foods are too scarce in tropical forest environments to permit foragers to survive by foraging alone; full-time foraging is excluded or impossible due to limitations on production of food energy in pristine rain forests

61
Q

aka nihilism; belief that nothing is true, or everything anyone says is equally as true as anything anyone else says

A

epistemological relativism

62
Q

1 ethical rule binding anthropologists

A

do no harm

63
Q

abandoning the use of agriculture and other technologies such as fire, which is essential to cook and process agricultural foods

A

agricultural regression

64
Q

salience

A

Smith’s S

65
Q

modern world system

A

European core extracted raw materials from the periphery

66
Q

Globalization

A

21st center reality of a modern world system

67
Q

applied anthropology

A

anthropology “put to use”; sometimes called the fifth field of anthropology

68
Q

what Louis and Freeman did

A

restudies

69
Q

participant intervention

A

improving the lives of people through an applied anthropological methodology

70
Q

anthropology “put to use”; sometimes called the fifth field of anthropology

A

applied anthropology

71
Q

human population exceeded the carrying capacity of its habitat

A

overshoot

72
Q

Sulawesi

A

island where Bugis lived

73
Q

Bathurst and Melville

A

islands where the Tiwi live

74
Q

form of applied anthropology in which rich nations help poor nations develop commercially

A

development anthropology

75
Q

phenomenon related to global obesity epidemic

A

overnutrition

76
Q

bride wealth

A

payment from the family of the husband to the family of the bride

77
Q

tourists visit natives in their own villages or communities

A

ethnotourism

78
Q

hypergamy

A

marriage above one’s class

79
Q

salience

A

means of breaking ties in a free list

80
Q

marriage below one’s class

A

hypogamy

81
Q

European core extracted raw materials from the periphery

A

modern world system

82
Q

American Anthropological Association

A

AAA; main professional organization of anthropology in the United States

83
Q

prestige languages

A

languages that have a low chance of becoming extinct due to the fact that so many people speak them. Tend to be European languages from colonial era

84
Q

Classic Period

A

period from AD 300-750 where agricultural intensification occurred

85
Q

cosmopolitanism

A

familiarity with multiple cultures and languages

86
Q

notion that high-energy, carbohydrate rich foods are too scarce in tropical forest environments to permit foragers to survive by foraging alone; full-time foraging is excluded or impossible due to limitations on production of food energy in pristine rain forests

A

exclusion hypothesis

87
Q

development anthropology

A

form of applied anthropology in which rich nations help poor nations develop commercially

88
Q

most commonly used words tend to be one morpheme long

A

Zipf’s Law

89
Q

segmentary lineage

A

nuer social organization in south sudan;

90
Q

ethnographers going to sites where other ethnographers have worked and finding flaws in their data

A

revisionism

91
Q

anthropologists were physically present in culture

A

anthropological validity

92
Q

ego focused descent group

A

kindred

93
Q

mandarins

A

bureaucrats of the ruling class in China

94
Q

means of breaking ties in a free list

A

salience

95
Q

Nuer shaman/ mitigator

A

leopard skin chief

96
Q

ethnography occurring in multiple sites around the world; such as the Nuer in Sudan and America

A

multisited

97
Q

overshoot

A

human population exceeded the carrying capacity of its habitat

98
Q

sense of belonging to some specific place and being someone who is native or aboriginal, a descendant of the first people to live in the place considered to be a homeland

A

indigeneity

99
Q

bureaucrats of the ruling class in China

A

mandarins

100
Q

cultural mixing that derives from the instantaneous communication and worldwide networks of transportation associated with globalization

A

hybridity

101
Q

paleoanthropology

A

study of fossil hominins

102
Q

nuer social organization in south sudan;

A

segmentary lineage

103
Q

ethnographic analogy

A

involves the comparison of a past society to a modern one known ethnographically

104
Q

Human Terrain System

A

HTS; seeks to embed anthropologists into combat units so that their expertise may be used on the ground to determine the difference between friend or foe

105
Q

AAA; main professional organization of anthropology in the United States

A

American Anthropological Association

106
Q

improving the lives of people through an applied anthropological methodology

A

participant intervention

107
Q

group formed by ambilineal descent/ ancestor focused kinship group

A

conical clan

108
Q

study of fossil hominins

A

paleoanthropology