Final Exam Flashcards
restudies
what Louis and Freeman did
ability of an anthropologists to consistently repeat results
anthropological reliability
primary landscape transformation
changes caused by human activity in which species turnover is nearly complete; occurs many years after humans change the land and the land reaches new equilibrium of flora and fauna
offers loans to developing countries
World Bank
cooperatives
small nonprofit corporations and associations with legal recognition for the purpose of defending native’s rights to land, language, and indigenous culture
multisited
ethnography occurring in multiple sites around the world; such as the Nuer in Sudan and America
family formed by neolocal residence
nuclear family (residence pattern)
anthropological validity
anthropologists were physically present in culture
diaspora
outward spread of a culture via migration
ethnotourism
tourists visit natives in their own villages or communities
involves the comparison of a past society to a modern one known ethnographically
ethnographic analogy
causes of collapse
becoming too top heavy (too many in upper class), overtaxation of peasant class
anthropological reliability
ability of an anthropologists to consistently repeat results
Millenarian movement
synonym for revitalization movement
changes caused by human activity in which species turnover is nearly complete; occurs many years after humans change the land and the land reaches new equilibrium of flora and fauna
primary landscape transformation
Smith’s S
salience
do no harm
1 ethical rule binding anthropologists
21st center reality of a modern world system
Globalization
familiarity with multiple cultures and languages
cosmopolitanism
period that occurred after the Classic Period (AD 750-1000) in which sociopolitical complexity collapsed
Terminal Classic
kindred
ego focused descent group
Terminal Classic
period that occurred after the Classic Period (AD 750-1000) in which sociopolitical complexity collapsed
chattel slavery
slavery associated with colonialism
indigeneity
sense of belonging to some specific place and being someone who is native or aboriginal, a descendant of the first people to live in the place considered to be a homeland
hypogamy
marriage below one’s class
conical clan
group formed by ambilineal descent/ ancestor focused kinship group
subculture
A culture that is shared by a smaller group of people who are also part of a larger culture.
epistemological relativism
aka nihilism; belief that nothing is true, or everything anyone says is equally as true as anything anyone else says
main method of cultural anthropology
participant observation
participant development and activist anthropology
synonyms for participant intervention
languages that have a low chance of becoming extinct due to the fact that so many people speak them. Tend to be European languages from colonial era
prestige languages
synonyms for participant intervention
participant development and activist anthropology
leopard skin chief
Nuer shaman/ mitigator
advantage of globalization
illegality becomes harder to hide due to massive global communication
A culture that is shared by a smaller group of people who are also part of a larger culture.
subculture
hybridity
cultural mixing that derives from the instantaneous communication and worldwide networks of transportation associated with globalization
agricultural regression
abandoning the use of agriculture and other technologies such as fire, which is essential to cook and process agricultural foods
small nonprofit corporations and associations with legal recognition for the purpose of defending native’s rights to land, language, and indigenous culture
cooperatives
island where Bugis lived
Sulawesi
revisionism
ethnographers going to sites where other ethnographers have worked and finding flaws in their data
illegality becomes harder to hide due to massive global communication
advantage of globalization
synonym for revitalization movement
Millenarian movement
participant observation
main method of cultural anthropology
period from AD 300-750 where agricultural intensification occurred
Classic Period
marrying within group
endogamy
World Bank
offers loans to developing countries
becoming too top heavy (too many in upper class), overtaxation of peasant class
causes of collapse
nuclear family (residence pattern)
family formed by neolocal residence
slavery associated with colonialism
chattel slavery
IMF, regulates global exchange rates
International Monetary Fund
HTS; seeks to embed anthropologists into combat units so that their expertise may be used on the ground to determine the difference between friend or foe
Human Terrain System
outward spread of a culture via migration
diaspora
endogamy
marrying within group
islands where the Tiwi live
Bathurst and Melville
marriage above one’s class
hypergamy
payment from the family of the husband to the family of the bride
bride wealth
overnutrition
phenomenon related to global obesity epidemic
Zipf’s Law
most commonly used words tend to be one morpheme long
International Monetary Fund
IMF, regulates global exchange rates
exclusion hypothesis
notion that high-energy, carbohydrate rich foods are too scarce in tropical forest environments to permit foragers to survive by foraging alone; full-time foraging is excluded or impossible due to limitations on production of food energy in pristine rain forests
aka nihilism; belief that nothing is true, or everything anyone says is equally as true as anything anyone else says
epistemological relativism
1 ethical rule binding anthropologists
do no harm
abandoning the use of agriculture and other technologies such as fire, which is essential to cook and process agricultural foods
agricultural regression
salience
Smith’s S
modern world system
European core extracted raw materials from the periphery
Globalization
21st center reality of a modern world system
applied anthropology
anthropology “put to use”; sometimes called the fifth field of anthropology
what Louis and Freeman did
restudies
participant intervention
improving the lives of people through an applied anthropological methodology
anthropology “put to use”; sometimes called the fifth field of anthropology
applied anthropology
human population exceeded the carrying capacity of its habitat
overshoot
Sulawesi
island where Bugis lived
Bathurst and Melville
islands where the Tiwi live
form of applied anthropology in which rich nations help poor nations develop commercially
development anthropology
phenomenon related to global obesity epidemic
overnutrition
bride wealth
payment from the family of the husband to the family of the bride
tourists visit natives in their own villages or communities
ethnotourism
hypergamy
marriage above one’s class
salience
means of breaking ties in a free list
marriage below one’s class
hypogamy
European core extracted raw materials from the periphery
modern world system
American Anthropological Association
AAA; main professional organization of anthropology in the United States
prestige languages
languages that have a low chance of becoming extinct due to the fact that so many people speak them. Tend to be European languages from colonial era
Classic Period
period from AD 300-750 where agricultural intensification occurred
cosmopolitanism
familiarity with multiple cultures and languages
notion that high-energy, carbohydrate rich foods are too scarce in tropical forest environments to permit foragers to survive by foraging alone; full-time foraging is excluded or impossible due to limitations on production of food energy in pristine rain forests
exclusion hypothesis
development anthropology
form of applied anthropology in which rich nations help poor nations develop commercially
most commonly used words tend to be one morpheme long
Zipf’s Law
segmentary lineage
nuer social organization in south sudan;
ethnographers going to sites where other ethnographers have worked and finding flaws in their data
revisionism
anthropologists were physically present in culture
anthropological validity
ego focused descent group
kindred
mandarins
bureaucrats of the ruling class in China
means of breaking ties in a free list
salience
Nuer shaman/ mitigator
leopard skin chief
ethnography occurring in multiple sites around the world; such as the Nuer in Sudan and America
multisited
overshoot
human population exceeded the carrying capacity of its habitat
sense of belonging to some specific place and being someone who is native or aboriginal, a descendant of the first people to live in the place considered to be a homeland
indigeneity
bureaucrats of the ruling class in China
mandarins
cultural mixing that derives from the instantaneous communication and worldwide networks of transportation associated with globalization
hybridity
paleoanthropology
study of fossil hominins
nuer social organization in south sudan;
segmentary lineage
ethnographic analogy
involves the comparison of a past society to a modern one known ethnographically
Human Terrain System
HTS; seeks to embed anthropologists into combat units so that their expertise may be used on the ground to determine the difference between friend or foe
AAA; main professional organization of anthropology in the United States
American Anthropological Association
improving the lives of people through an applied anthropological methodology
participant intervention
group formed by ambilineal descent/ ancestor focused kinship group
conical clan
study of fossil hominins
paleoanthropology
