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CNS > Test 1 #4 > Flashcards

Test 1 #4 Flashcards

1
Q

The dura surrounding the spinal cord is called the _____, and ends at vertebral level ______

A

dural sac, S2

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2
Q

Coccygeal ligament is aka _____ and is made up of _____ & ______

A

filum terminale externa, dura, pia

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3
Q

The spinal ____ mater suspends the spinal cord in CSF

A

arachnoid

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4
Q

The lumbar cistern runs from ____ to ____ vertebral level

A

L2, S2

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5
Q

At the bottom of the pia mater in the spinal cord, it continues as the _____ and merges/fuses with the ______

A

filum terminale, coccygeal ligament

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6
Q

____ is the caudal extension of pia mater, _____ are the lateral extensions of pia mater

A

Filum terminale , dentate ligaments

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7
Q

There are _____ pairs of dentate ligaments that attach to the _______ and resemble a _____ or ______

A

21, dura mater, shark’s tooth, ribbon

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8
Q

CSF is formed by the _____

A

choroid plexus

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9
Q

Choroid plexus is made up of _____ and ______

A

capillaries, ependymal cells

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10
Q

There is _____ mL of CSF in the body at any given time, but we produce _____ mL per day

A

150 mL, 800 mL

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11
Q

CSF is high in _____ molecules and low in _____ molecules

A

small(sodium, potassium, etc), large(proteins, epithelial cells, etc)

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12
Q

Function of CSF (3)

A

cushions brain
removes waste
provides nutrients

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13
Q

Lateral ventricles have 2 sides, and each lateral ventricle has 3 horns:

  • the anterior horn extends into the _____ lobe
  • the posterior horn extends into the _____ lobe
  • the inferior horn extends into the _____ lobe
A

frontal
occipital
temporal

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14
Q

4th ventricle has the Foramen of _____

A

Magendie

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15
Q

The _____ is the outermost layer of the cerebrum

A

cerebral cortex

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16
Q

More than half of the cerebral cortex is hidden within the sulcus, the rest creates _____

A

gyrus

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17
Q

The gray matter outer coating of the cerebral cortex is _____mm thick

A

2-4mm

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18
Q

Cerebral cortex deals with (3)

A

thought
emotion
voluntary movement

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19
Q

There are ___ layers of the cerebral cortex, the more developed the area, the more layers

A

5-6

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20
Q

Cerebral cortex is divided into 3 layers

A

Archycortex
Paleocortex
Neocortex

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21
Q

Archycortex contains the (2)

A

hypocampus

parahypocampus

22
Q

_____ is the oldest layer
_____ contains the olfactory system
_____ is most of the cerebrum

A

Archycortex
Paleocortex
Neocortex

23
Q

The functional structure of the cerebral cortex is _____ in shape

A

columnar

24
Q

Basic cell types of the cerebral cortex (3)

A

Pyramidal
Stellate
Bipolar

25
Q

Pyramidal is _____in nature

A

excitatory

26
Q

Stellate has 2 types and are ______

A

1) Spiny stellate
2) Smooth Stellate
interneurons

27
Q

Spiny stellate is _____in nature

Smooth Stellate is _____in nature

A

excitatory

inhibitory

28
Q

Bipolar cell is a ____ neuron and can be either excitatory or inhibitory

A

relay

29
Q

The stellate cells are found mostly in the _____ & _____ layers while bipolar cells are found in the ______ layer

A

outer, inner granular, innermost

30
Q

Staining techniques (3)

A

Golgi
Nissl
Weigert

31
Q

_____ stains fibers
_____ stain ribosomes
_____ stains a complete neuron

A

Weigert
Nissl
Golgi

32
Q

General classifications of fibers in cerebrum (3)

A

Projection
Commisural
Associational

33
Q

Projection fibers are ____ fibers, and they _____ the cortex

A

afferent, leave

34
Q

______ fibers go from one hemisphere of the cerebrum to another hemisphere Ex: corpus callosum

A

Commisural

35
Q

____ fibers join one part of the cortex to another in the same cortex.

A

Associational

36
Q

______ associational fibers go from one lobe to another, ______ associational fibers stay with the lobe

A

Long, short

37
Q

______ fiber is from the hypothalamus and brainstem to the cortex

A

Neuroaxial

38
Q

Afferent is _____ , efferent is _____

A

towards, away

39
Q

Pierre Brodman is the most common ________

A

brain map

40
Q

Somatosensory cortex is found in the areas _____ at the _____

A

1, 2, 3 (Brodma’s area), postcentral gyrus

41
Q

Supplemental sensory area is found in area ____

A

1

42
Q

Visual cortex is found in area ____ mostly, but the visual associational area are in areas _____. Lies on either side of the _____

A

17, 18 & 19, calcarine sulcus

43
Q

Primary hearing cortex is found in areas _____ and is located at the ______, and the associational area is in area ____ and is located at the ______

A

41 & 42, transverse temporal gyri, 22, superior temporal gyrus

44
Q

Primary motor field is in area _____ and is located at the ______, premotor field is in area _____, primary motor eye field is in area _____

A

4, precentral gyrus, 6, 8

45
Q

If you are right handed, motor fibers start on the _____ side

A

left (opposite)

46
Q

Brocca’s area are the areas _____ and is located at the (2)

A

44 & 45
pars triangularis
pars opercularis

47
Q

Problems with Brocca’s area (2)

A

stuttering

know what to say, just can’t spit words out

48
Q

Wernicke’s area is at area _____ and is located around the ______

A

22, transverse temporal gyrus

49
Q

Problem with Wernicke’s area

A

knows what to say, but say or write the wrong words

50
Q

Angular gyrus is in area ______

A

39

51
Q

Problems with angular gyrus

A

Know words but can’t understand what to read or write

52
Q

_____ connect Brocca to Wernickes

A

Arcuate fibers

CNS (15 decks)

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