Test 1 #4 Flashcards
The dura surrounding the spinal cord is called the _____, and ends at vertebral level ______
dural sac, S2
Coccygeal ligament is aka _____ and is made up of _____ & ______
filum terminale externa, dura, pia
The spinal ____ mater suspends the spinal cord in CSF
arachnoid
The lumbar cistern runs from ____ to ____ vertebral level
L2, S2
At the bottom of the pia mater in the spinal cord, it continues as the _____ and merges/fuses with the ______
filum terminale, coccygeal ligament
____ is the caudal extension of pia mater, _____ are the lateral extensions of pia mater
Filum terminale , dentate ligaments
There are _____ pairs of dentate ligaments that attach to the _______ and resemble a _____ or ______
21, dura mater, shark’s tooth, ribbon
CSF is formed by the _____
choroid plexus
Choroid plexus is made up of _____ and ______
capillaries, ependymal cells
There is _____ mL of CSF in the body at any given time, but we produce _____ mL per day
150 mL, 800 mL
CSF is high in _____ molecules and low in _____ molecules
small(sodium, potassium, etc), large(proteins, epithelial cells, etc)
Function of CSF (3)
cushions brain
removes waste
provides nutrients
Lateral ventricles have 2 sides, and each lateral ventricle has 3 horns:
- the anterior horn extends into the _____ lobe
- the posterior horn extends into the _____ lobe
- the inferior horn extends into the _____ lobe
frontal
occipital
temporal
4th ventricle has the Foramen of _____
Magendie
The _____ is the outermost layer of the cerebrum
cerebral cortex
More than half of the cerebral cortex is hidden within the sulcus, the rest creates _____
gyrus
The gray matter outer coating of the cerebral cortex is _____mm thick
2-4mm
Cerebral cortex deals with (3)
thought
emotion
voluntary movement
There are ___ layers of the cerebral cortex, the more developed the area, the more layers
5-6
Cerebral cortex is divided into 3 layers
Archycortex
Paleocortex
Neocortex
Archycortex contains the (2)
hypocampus
parahypocampus
_____ is the oldest layer
_____ contains the olfactory system
_____ is most of the cerebrum
Archycortex
Paleocortex
Neocortex
The functional structure of the cerebral cortex is _____ in shape
columnar
Basic cell types of the cerebral cortex (3)
Pyramidal
Stellate
Bipolar
Pyramidal is _____in nature
excitatory
Stellate has 2 types and are ______
1) Spiny stellate
2) Smooth Stellate
interneurons
Spiny stellate is _____in nature
Smooth Stellate is _____in nature
excitatory
inhibitory
Bipolar cell is a ____ neuron and can be either excitatory or inhibitory
relay
The stellate cells are found mostly in the _____ & _____ layers while bipolar cells are found in the ______ layer
outer, inner granular, innermost
Staining techniques (3)
Golgi
Nissl
Weigert
_____ stains fibers
_____ stain ribosomes
_____ stains a complete neuron
Weigert
Nissl
Golgi
General classifications of fibers in cerebrum (3)
Projection
Commisural
Associational
Projection fibers are ____ fibers, and they _____ the cortex
afferent, leave
______ fibers go from one hemisphere of the cerebrum to another hemisphere Ex: corpus callosum
Commisural
____ fibers join one part of the cortex to another in the same cortex.
Associational
______ associational fibers go from one lobe to another, ______ associational fibers stay with the lobe
Long, short
______ fiber is from the hypothalamus and brainstem to the cortex
Neuroaxial
Afferent is _____ , efferent is _____
towards, away
Pierre Brodman is the most common ________
brain map
Somatosensory cortex is found in the areas _____ at the _____
1, 2, 3 (Brodma’s area), postcentral gyrus
Supplemental sensory area is found in area ____
1
Visual cortex is found in area ____ mostly, but the visual associational area are in areas _____. Lies on either side of the _____
17, 18 & 19, calcarine sulcus
Primary hearing cortex is found in areas _____ and is located at the ______, and the associational area is in area ____ and is located at the ______
41 & 42, transverse temporal gyri, 22, superior temporal gyrus
Primary motor field is in area _____ and is located at the ______, premotor field is in area _____, primary motor eye field is in area _____
4, precentral gyrus, 6, 8
If you are right handed, motor fibers start on the _____ side
left (opposite)
Brocca’s area are the areas _____ and is located at the (2)
44 & 45
pars triangularis
pars opercularis
Problems with Brocca’s area (2)
stuttering
know what to say, just can’t spit words out
Wernicke’s area is at area _____ and is located around the ______
22, transverse temporal gyrus
Problem with Wernicke’s area
knows what to say, but say or write the wrong words
Angular gyrus is in area ______
39
Problems with angular gyrus
Know words but can’t understand what to read or write
_____ connect Brocca to Wernickes
Arcuate fibers
