Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Radiology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who discovered x-rays?

A

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What was the date (month, day, year) x-rays were discovered?

A

November 8, 1895

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 types of IRs?

A 
Film
Computed radiography (CR)
Digital radiography (DR)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Invisible and undeveloped image

A

Latent image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Latent image that’s made visible

A

Manifest image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the point of the glass envelope of an x-ray tube?

A

It’s pyrex to resist heat and air is removed so gas molecules won’t interfere with x-ray production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the wire filament made of?

A

Tungsten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the melting point of this metal?

A

3370 C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Heating of the filament emits electrodes

A

Thermionic emission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the target made of?

A

Tungsten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What charge does the target have?

A

Positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What charge does the cathode have?

A

Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is the filament located on the anode or cathode side of an x-ray tube?

A

Cathode side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What percentage of electrons are converted to x-rays?

A

1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If I increase wavelength, what happens to frequency?

A

The frequency decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If I increase frequency, what happens to energy?

A

Energy increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

With respect to a sine wave, the distance between a given point on one wave cycle and the corresponding point on the next successive wave cycle

A

Wavelength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Number of times per second a crest passes a given point

A

Frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The distance between the crest and valley

A

Amplitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the speed of light?

A

186000 miles/second = 3x10^8 m/sec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

X-rays are emitted from a point and spread out in all directions

A

Divergent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

If I am 2 meters from an x-ray source and move to 4 meters away, how much exactly does radiation intensity change?

A

It’s reduced by 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Allows variation of radiation light field size

A

Collimator

24
Q

What are the two most common distances an x-ray tube is set from an image receptor (IR)?

A

40 cm and 72 cm

25
Q

Define what mAs is:
Quantity or quality?
Does it control contrast or density (degree of darkening)?

A

Quantity, controls density

26
Q

Define what mAs is:
Quantity or quality?
Does it control contrast or density (degree of darkening)?

A

Quality, controls contrast

27
Q

What is fluoroscopy?

A

Produces dynamic/moving images

28
Q

Function to terminate the exposure when a desired quantity of radiation is given

A

Automatic exposure controls (AEC’s)

29
Q

If I want a constant mAs, and increase my mA while decreasing my time(s), what benefit do I gain?

A

The patient has less time to move so there’s less blur

30
Q

What is SID?

A

Distance between the x-ray tube and image receptor, source to image distance

31
Q

What is OID?

A

Object to image distance, the distance between the object and the image receptor

32
Q

What is the function of a screen?

A

Reduces the exposure required to produce an image

33
Q

Concerning screen, what does a slow screen do?

A

A slow screen gives a more detailed image but requires more exposure

34
Q

Concerning screen, what does a fast screen do?

A

They require less exposure and are better for large body parts but are less detailed

35
Q

What body parts use a slow screen?

A

Extremities

36
Q

Computer hardware and software used to manage digital images in healthcare, provides archives for storage of images from all digital images in healthcare, connects images to patient database information, facilitates printing and transfer of images and displays images and information at work stations

A

Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)

37
Q

4 elements of radiographic density

A

Density
Contrast
Detail
Distortion

38
Q

The overall blackness of an image

A

Density

39
Q

The difference in orbital density between adjacent structures

A

Contrast

40
Q

The sharpness of the image

A

Detail

41
Q

Variation in size or shape of the image compared to the object it represents

A

Distortion

42
Q

Does a smaller focal spot size have better or worse detail?

A

Better

43
Q

Used to measure how much radiation is in the air, how much radiation the tube is leaking through the tube housing and how much radiation is transmitted outside the x-ray room in a hallway

A

Radiation exposure

44
Q

What are the units for radiation exposure?

A

Roentgen (R or r)

45
Q

How radiation dose is prescribed in radiation therapy or energy absorbed per mass of medium

A

Absorbed dose

46
Q

What are the units of radiation exposure?

A

Radiation absorbed dose (rad), 1 Gray = 100 rads

47
Q

How various radiation types are related to each other in terms of their equivalence of biological effects

A

Dose equivalent

48
Q

What are the units for dose equivalent?

A

Sv or rem

49
Q

Weighting factors - approximate measurements of the relative biologic effectiveness of a particular radiation compared with a reference radiation (250 keV x-rays)

A

Quality factor

50
Q

4 laws of Bergonie and Tribondeau (states that cell sensitivity to radiation exposure depends on 4 cell characteristics)

A

Age: younger cells are more sensitive than older ones
Differentiation: non-specialized cells are more sensitive than highly complex ones
Mitotic rate: cells that divide and multiply more rapidly are more sensitive than those that replicate slowly
Metabolic rate: cells that use energy rapidly are more sensitive than those with a slower metabolism

51
Q

Describes biologic radiation effects that are predictable; their intensity is dose dependent. These effects occur only after a certain threshold amount of exposure has been received

A

Non-stochastic

52
Q

Describes biologic radiation effects that are random and unpredictable. Their likelihood is dose dependent but not their severity. There is no threshold amount of exposure necessary to produce these effects

A

Stochastic

53
Q

Whole body radiation dose that’s lethal to 50% of the population in 30 days; for humans its 3Gy

A

LD 50/30

54
Q

3 cardinal principles of lowering radiation dose and exposure

A

Time: amount of exposure received is directly proportional to the time spent in a radiation field
Distance: an increase in distance results in an increase of exposure by the square of the distance (inverse square law)
Shielding: using a lead wall as a primary barrier

55
Q

What does ALARA stand for?

A

As Low As Reasonable Achievable

56
Q

A healthcare insurance plan in which insurance companies reimburse patients for the costs of their healthcare within the limits of the policy and the patient is responsible for any costs not covered

A

Fee-for-service program

Radiology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions