Test 1 Flashcards
What is Psychology
The Study of behavior and mental processes both human and animals
What are the goals of Psychology
To describe, explain, predict and change (meant to improve life)
What kind of method does psychology follow
Scientific Method
What are the branches of Psychology?
1 Clinical 2 School 3 Developmental 4 Social 5 Neuropsychology 6 Cognitive 7 Health 8 Organizationa/Industrial 9 Cross Cultural 10 Environmental 11 Experimental 12 Forensic 13 Gender/cultural 14 Personality 15 Positive
What is Clinical Psychology
Assess and Diagnose: treat abnormal behavior in social/career adjustment.
What is School Psychology
Work w/in the educational systems to promote intellectual, social, & emotional development of students.
What is Developmental Psychology
(Lifespan) Growth and change from conception to death.
What is Social Psychology
How the individual is affected by the group , in ways including aggression, prejudice, love, helping, conformity, and attitudes.
What is Neuro Psychology
The relationship between the brain and the Nervous System and its behavior
What is Cognitive Psychology
The Type of therapy that studies higher mental processes. Also known as information processing theory : understand memory and how we store and restore info.
What is Health Psychology
Studies how psychology contributes to maintaining good health.
What is Organizational/Industrial Psychology
Study productivity, job satisfaction, motivation, and help companies run smoothly.
What is Cross Cultural Psychology
Studies similarities and Differences in and across various cultures and ethnic groups.
What is Environmental Psychology
How people affect and are affected by the physical environment.
What is Experimental Psychology
Examines process such as learning, conditioning, motivation, emotion, sensation and perception in humans and other animals
What is Forensic Psychology
Applies principles of psychology to the legal system
What is Gender/Cultural Psychology
How men and women of dif. cultures differ from one another and how they are similar
What is Personality Psychology
Studies unique and relatively stable patterns in a persons thoughts and feelings and actions
What is Positive Psychology
Examines factors relating to optimal human functioning
Structuralism- What is it? Who started it? When?
Was founded by Wilhelm Wundt in 1879, It was started in order to find what the structure of the mind and what its made up; through conscious experience. Through Introspection.
Functionalism- What is it? Who started it? When?
Was founded by William James In the late 1800’s, He created the first psychological laboratory. He created the theory of the “Stream of Consciousness” meaning that thought is constantly moving, thoughts are . , from into each other
The Primary Needs are biological needs.
This was sparked by Darwinism.
What are the Four Models
S.Freud = unconscious instinctual drives, motive behavior
Cognitive(A Beck) Thought Process/ reasoning. info. processing
Behavioral (B.F. Skinner) Observable Behavior
Humanistic (C.Rodgers) individual Control Free Will
What is research ?
The systematic inquiry aimed @ discovering new knowledge
What is Archival ?
Examining existing records for the purpose of conforming Hypothesis.
What is Naturalistic observation ?
observation of natural situation w/o researcher intervention & records info.
What is a Case Study ?
A long term study ( like developmental) it is reliable and valid
What is a Survey Study?
Sample of a group the represents the population, researcher is interested in examination by using questions and interviews.
What is Correlation Research? And what are the three types of Correlations?
Determines whether there is a relationship between variables
Positive Cor. - Variables move in the same direction
Negative Cor. - Variables move in the opposite direction
Zero Cor. - Variables have no correlation.
What is Experimental Research ?
Determines cause and effect relaionships between 2 variables by deliberately producing a change in one variable and observing the effect that change has on the other variable.
What is Classical Conditioning? Who started it? And When?
Ivan Pavlov 1906, is unconditioned stimulus (evolves a natural response w/o training; it is also unconditioned response which is natural to us
What is Conditioned Stimulus/Response??
C.S.- The once Natural Stimulus that has been repeatedly pared with the unconditioned stimulus brings abt response through training.
C.R.- Response to the C.S.
What is Extinction ?
When the Conditioned Response is suppressed
What is spontaneous Recovery ?
After pause or rest of that condition
What is Operate Learning ?
What are the two dif types of Reinforcement?
B.F. Skinner = A reinforcer strengthens a response, to increase the likely hood of occurring again.
Positive Rein.- a pleasant stimulus follows a desired response.:Reward.
Negative Rein.- unpleasant stimulus thats given until the desired response is achieved and then removed.
