TEST 1 Flashcards
Because EMS personnell are often exposed to both acute and chronic stressors, _____ management may be helpful to cope with on the job experiences.
A) critical incident stress
B) crisis intervention
C) chronic stress
D) stress prevention
A). Critical incident stress
While treating a patient involved in a shooting at the patients vacation home, which of the following actions will NOT interfere with the investigation of scene?
A) Wearing gloves at scene
B) using the bathroom
C) using patients phone
D) moving the patient
A) Wearing gloves at the scene
Which of the following BEST describes alist of steps the EMT should perform while assessing and managing emergency medical situations?
A) protocols
B) Standard operating procedures
C) standing orders
D) on-line medical direction
A) Protocols
On which of the following types of calls should you bring your portable suction unit to the pts side upon arrival on scene?
A) Cardiac arrest
B) MVA
C) Seizure
D) All of the Above
D) All of the above
You and your EMT partner are preparing to ventilate an elderly non-trauma pt who has a stoma. Your partner performs the head tilt chin lift and you ask him to return the pt head to a neutral position, why?
A) using head-tilt-chin lift prior to clearing mucus plug from stoma/ cause occlussion
B) Not necessary to positon for stoma pt
C) stoma pt should have airways positioned after vent placement.
D) elderly pts should never have their heads tilted back because of spinal curvatures
B) It is not necessary to position the airway of a stoma breather when providing ventilations.
Which of the following is an advantage of using a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) ?
A) It is ideal for pts w/suspected skull fx
B) It may be tolerated by many pts with gag reflex.
C) Eliminates need of manual positioning of head to keep airway open.
D) All of the above
B) It may be tolerated by patients with a gag reflex.
Which of the following may be important to officers investigating a crime scene ?
A) Your opinion of what happened before you arrived on scene.
B) How you gained access to the scene
C) Your experience as an EMT
D) what route you took when responding to scene.
B) How you gained access to the scene
Which of the following is a disadvantage of oropharyngeal airways (OPA’s) ?
A) They do not come in pediatric size
B) Require use of water-soluble lubriant
C) They cannot be used in pt w/gag reflex.
D) They cannot be used in pt w/skull fx.
C) They cannot be used in pt with a skull fracture.
A nonrebreather mask at 12 to 15 Liters per min. will generally provide the pt what percentage of oxygen ?
A) 16-21 %
B) 80-90 %
C) 24-44 %
D) 90-100%
B) 80-90 %
Which of the following is the feeling infants get when they know all their needs are met ?
A) Moro reflex
B) Trust
C) Bonding
D) Scaffolding
C) Bonding
A clot cannot form without which of the following blood components?
A) White Blood Cells
B) Plasma
C) Corpuscles
D) Platelets
D) Platelets
A jaw-thrust maneuver is the only ____ airway procedure for an unconscious patient with possible head injury or an unknown mechanism of injury.
A) discouraged
B) Recommended
C) prohibited
D) required
B) Recommended
A 26-month-old toddler is reported to have fallen and lacerated his chin. As you proceed through your assessment, your partner reports that she’s concerned about his heart rate, which she measures at 64. She’s checked twice. Your knowledge of normal vitals signs for a pt this age suggests his heart rate is:
A) not reliable
B) too slow
C) within normal range
D) too fast
B) Too Slow
While documenting a call you add a false statement that was made about a local doctor. This could constitute ?
A) Degradation of Character
B) Slander
C) HIPPAA violation
D) Libel
D) Libel
What is the primary reason for an EMT to use specific and proper medical terminology ?
A) EMS providers can’t bill for services unless the correct terminology is used.
B) It will make pts and families trust EMT’s.
C) Medical communications need to be exact and consistent.
D) People will think EMT not intelligent or professional without medical terminology.
C) Medical communications need to be exact and consistent.
A child’s ______ takes up proportionally more space in the pharynx then does an adults.
A) trachea
B) tongue
C) epiglottis
D) cricoid cartilage
B) Tongue
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin ?
A) Protection from the environment
B) Regulation of Body Temperature
C) Removal of old blood vessels
D) Balancing of water in the body
C) Removal of old Blood Vessels
Which of the following makes up of more than half of the volume of blood in the body?
A) White corpuscles
B) Red Blood Cells
C) Plasma
D) Platelets
C) Plasma
What are signs of hypoxia ?
A) Cyanosis (blue or gray skin)and deterioration of the pts mental status.
B) warm, dry skin, difficulty breathing and hypertension.
C) Disease process that robs pt of adequate breathing and profusion.
D) Irreversible shock caused by lack of blood flowing to the vital ogans.
A) Cyanosis and deterioration of the patients mental status.
Before applying a nonrebreather mask, the EMT should take what action ?
A) Insert proper sized OPA
B)Connect mask to humidified O2 source and wait for pts heart to slow.
C) Make sure the O2 supply has greater than 2000 psi in the tank.
D) inflate the reservoir bag and make sure the bag does not deflate during inspiration.
D) Inflate the reservoir bag and make sure the bag does not deflate during inspiration.
Your pt is an 86 yr old male with congestive heart failure. He called for help because he cannot breathe and feels like he is “drowning in his own lungs.” The pt has had several heart attacks in the past and he tells you his “heart is shot.” What is NOT a likely reason pts cardiac output diminished.
A) Chemoreceptors are signaling that he has high levels of CO2 in blood stream
B) Less blood fills his heart with each contraction (preload diminished)
C) The pressure in the system against which the heart must pump is increased.
D) The heart’s force of contraction is reduced.
A) Chemoreceptors are signaling that he has high levels of CO2 in his blood stream.
At which of the following locations would you palpate a malleolus ?
A) Spinal column
B) Wrist
C) Ankle
D) Elbow
C) Ankle
In which of the following situations is it legal to share information about treatment you provided to a patient?
A) The patient’s lawyer requests the information.
B) the pt gives verbal consent to release info to a friend.
C) You are asked by a coworker who knows the pt.
D) The triage nurse at the ER asks about the care you provided to the pt.
D) The triage nurse at the ER asks about the care you provided for the pt.
Which of the following is the correct method of suctioning ?
A) Suction intermittently, both while inserting and withdrawing the suction tip or catheter.
B) Begin suctioning as you insert the suction tip or catheter in the mouth.
C) Suction continuously, both while inserting and withdrawing the suction tip
D) Insert the catheter or tip to the desired depth prior to applying suction.
D) Insert the catheter or tip to the desired depth prior to applying suction.
You are assessing a female patient with depression. She tells you that her psychologist said that she is dealing with “empty nest syndrome.” What age group is this associated with?
A) middle adulthood
B) middle aged adulthood
C) later adulthood
D) early adulthood
A) Middle Adulthood
The high-pitched sound caused by an upper airway obstruction is known as:
A) strider
B) snoring
C) Hoarseness
D) Gurgling
A) Stridor
The oxygen flow rate for a nasal cannula should not exceed______ liters per minute.
A) 2
B) 6
C) 4
D) 8
B) 6
When does respiratory distress? Change to respiratory failure?
A) when continuation of respiratory challenge causes the systems to fail, the pupils to dilate, and the skin to become hot and dry due to the demand for oxygen.
B) when a patient who is short of breath presents in the tripod position with noisy respirations that suddenly clear up and return to normal.
C) when a compensatory mechanism is no longer needed, and the patient goes into respiratory arrest.
D) when continuation of a respiratory challenge results in the systems, being unable to keep up with the demand, and the skin color and mental status change.
D) when continuation of a respiratory challenge results in the systems, being unable to keep up with the demand, and the skin color and mental status change.
The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood is called:
A) Cellular respiration
B) diffusion
C) pulmonary respiration
D) internal respiration
C) pulmonary respiration
What is the sound of soft tissue of the upper airway creating impedance or partial obstruction to the flow of air?
A) Gurgling
B) Snoring
C) Stridor
D) hoarseness
B) Snoring
Why does a patient involved in an auto crash who has major internal abdominal bleeding, require oxygen to maintain internal respiration?
A) the swelling of the abdominal space causes the diaphragm to be restricted, which will reduce the thorax space.
B) a lack of oxygen in the air decreases the oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream, which creates an increase of carbon dioxide.
C) a lack of circulating volume decreases the oxygen and carbon dioxide transport capability of the blood.
D) remaining red blood cells have a reduction of hemoglobin that reduces the amount of oxygen that can be transported.
C) the lack of circulating volume decreases the oxygen and carbon dioxide transport capability of the blood.
You were transporting a 44-year-old female with chest pain and sudden respiratory distress. She is agitated, anxious, and refuses to have a nonrebreather mask applied. Which of the following is the best option?
A) use a nasal cannula instead.
B) do not make further attempts to administer oxygen at as it will only agitate the patient further.
C) consult with the medical control about restraining the patient.
D) have her breathing to a paper bag to control her hyperventilation.
A) use a nasal cannula instead
Which of the following agencies is responsible for establishing EMS system assessment programs?
A) department of health and human services (HHS).
B) National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)
C) United States, health services agency (HSA)
D) National Highway, traffic safety administration (NHTSA)
D) National Highway, traffic safety administration. (NHTSA)
An off-duty EMT is driving down the road when she sees a major vehicle accident. There are no emergency medical responders on the scene yet. There are only good Samaritan’s. The EMT is late for a doctors appointment, so she decides that she will not stop and help. The driver of the vehicle dies before help arrives. One of the good Samaritan’s notices her EMT license plates, and writes them down as she passes by. The good Samaritan is angry that the EMT did not stop and help and tries to get the EMT fired for not helping. Which of the following statements is true?
A) the EMT is negligent because the patient died.
B) the EMT is not negligent because she had a doctors appointment.
C) the EMT, is not negligent because she did not have a duty to act.
D) The is negligent for not stopping and helping.
C) the EMT is not negligent because she did not have a duty to act.
Which of the following should you NOT do when reaching for something?
A) avoid reaching more than 20 inches in front of your body.
B) prolong the reach as long as necessary.
C) avoid twisting.
D) keep your back in a locked in position.
B) prolong the reacher as long as necessary.
You respond to a large concert venue, where a number of spectators are reported to be severely intoxicated. You are directed to an area where several patients appear to be unconscious, lying face down on the ground. The position of these patients is described as:
A) supine
B) anterior
C) prone
D) posterior
C) Prone
The application of oxygen for a patient who is short of breath without having to contact the physcian in the emergency department, because of existing protocols is an example of which of the following?
A) standing orders
B) on line medical direction
C) Standard of care
D) reach of duty
A) Standing orders
Which of the following should be kept in mind, when assessing and managing the airway of a pediatric patient?
A) due to their short necks, pediatric patients require a greater degree of hyper extension to open the airway, then do adults.
B) gastric distention is unlikely.
C) the trachea is easily obstructed by swelling.
D) the tongue is not as likely to obstruct the airway as in an adu
C). The trachea is easily obstructed by swelling.
You have performed a head tilt chin, lift maneuver on a 17 month old boy and are attempting to ventilate him with a bag valve mask. You are experiencing a lot of resistance with each breath and the chest is barely rising. Prior to attempting ventilation’s again, you should.?
A) tilt the head back further
B) finger sweep the airway
C) ease the head forward a little
D) perform chest thrust
C) ease the head forward a little
You respond to a laceration call. When you arrive on scene, you walk into the house and find a person suffering from a severe wrist laceration from a broken window. Without thinking, you immediately grabbed the wrist and applied direct pressure to the wound. You then realize that, in your hurry to save a life, you forgot to put on your gloves. You look down to see your hand is covered in blood. When practical, you immediately wash your hands thoroughly. What is your next best a
A) Report the exposure incident because it is the law and you could be fined a large sum of money for failing to report the exposure.
B) Report the exposure as you can protect yourself from an accidental infection.
C) if your hands had no open wounds, it is not required to report exposure as there is no risk of infection, and you could get in trouble at work for failure to follow policy.
D) Report the exposure. Failure to report exposure may result in you not receiving financial compensation for a potential line of duty injury.
B) Report the exposure so you can protect yourself from any accidental infection.
Injuries to the brain and spinal cord, sepsis, and systemic allergic reactions can cause what similar cardiovascular problem?
A) Increased SVR
B) permeability
C) loss of tone
D) hypertension
C) loss of tone
What is the percentage at oxygen provided by connecting a high flow of oxygen to the oxygen inlet found on a pocket mask?
A) 21%
B) 50%
C) 100%
D) 16%
B) 50%
The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the cell membranes from the capillaries is called:
A) external respiration
B) hyperventilation
C) oxygenation
D) internal respiration
D) internal respiration
A ____ is NOT typically used in the prehospital setting for oxygen administration.
A) nasal cannula
B) tracheostomy mask
C) regulator
D) partial rebreather mask
D) partial rebreather mask
Patients in late adulthood are likely to face which of the following challenges?
A) tax burden
B) self worth
C) hygiene
D) all of the above
B) self worth
During an emergency move, which of the following techniques should be used, whenever possible, to minimize the possibility of further aggravating a possible spinal injury?
A) Roll the patient over
B) move the patient in the direction of the long access of the body.
C) pull the patient from the feet, not the shoulders.
D) move the patient sideways, alternating between moving the shoulders and hips.
B) move the patient in the direction of the long access of the body.
Which of the following is a role of the EMT in the quality improvement process?
A) assuring personal safety
B) critiquing performance of one’s partner
C) tasking responsibility for the actions of one’s partner
D) writing complete patient care reports
D) writing complete patient care reports
Which of the following body systems primarily produces hormones ?
A) exocrine
B) endocrine
C) cardiovascular
D) gastrointestinal
B) endocrine
Your patient is breathing 4 shallow breaths per minute due to overdosing on his pain medication but he has a palpable radial pulse. He vomited prior to your arrival and is choking you should.:
A) perform chest Russ to clear his lungs
B) who is the patient to the ambulance and suction
C) insert an oral pharyngeal airway and ventilate
D) roll him onto his side, to clear the airway
D) Roll him onto his side to clear the airway
Which of the following patients should NOT have the airway opened, using a head to tell chin lift maneuver?
A) a 25-year-old man who is still unresponsive after a grand mal seizure
B) a 35-year-old diabetic woman in the driver seat of a car in her driveway, who becomes unresponsive while speaking to her husband.
C) a 50 year old woman who choked on a piece of food, while dining in a restaurant, and was lowered to the floor by a waiter.
D) a homeless person of undetermined aged found mine unresponsive in an alley with no bystanders.
D) a homeless person of undetermined age from lying unresponsive in an alley with no bystanders.
You’re first on the scene of a 55-year-old male patient. The patient’s wife called 911 because he is having chest pains. The patient is very angry with his wife for calling 911 because he states he only has heartburn and adamantly refuses any treatment or transport. After signing the patient refusal form, the patient collapses and goes into sudden cardiac arrest. The wife is crying uncontrollably and begging you to do something. What should you do?
A) explain to the wife that her husband signed a legal document, refusing care, and if you’re intervene to help him now, you would be breaking the law.
B) provide emergency care for the patient only. If his wife signs the document stating they will not sue the EMS service..
C) provide emergency care under implied consent
D) respect his legal right to not have any treatment, regardless of how much the wife begs you to help.
C) provide emergency care under implied consent
Which hormone helps the body control stress, regulate metabolism, and influence an immune response?
A) serotonin
B) immuno globin
C) cortisol
D) epinephrine
C) cortisol
When placing all fingers and the palm in contact with the object being lifted, you were using which of the following?
A) Lock grip
B) Power lift
C) Vice grip
D) power Grip
D) Power grip
What type of blood vessels surround the alveoli ?
A) veins
B) arteries
C) capillaries
D) arterials
C) Capillaries
What kind of patients would require a tracheostomy mask for a supplemental oxygen administration?
A) a patient with a stoma
B) a patient with an upper airway inflammation
C) a patient with a chronic bronchitis
D) patient with quadriplegia
A) a patient with a stoma
Which of the following oxygen cylinders would normally run out after 50 minutes when flowing at 10 L per minute? Assume a pressure of 2000 psi displayed on the pressure gauge.
A) G cylinder
B) D cylinder
C) E cylinder
D) M cylinder
C) E cylinder
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?
A) anatomy is the study of physical body structures, whereas physiology, the study of the emotions and behavior.
B) anatomy is the study of body, structure, and physiology is a study of body function.
C) anatomy is the study of body components and systems, and physiology is the study of injuries and disease processes.
D) the terms are synonymous
B) anatomy is the study of body structure, and physiology is the study of body function.
Which of the following is a sign of an inadequate airway?
A) movement of air around the mouth and nose
B) equal expansion of both sides of the chest on inhalation
C) regular chess movements
D) nasal flaring
D) nasal flaring
Which of the following statements best describes the Exchange of gas in the alveoli ?
A) blood moves by way of the pulmonary capillaries, air arrives at the alveoli and osmosis occurs.
B) what moves from the left heart to the lungs, air arrives in the alveoli, sacs, and diffusion occurs.
C) air moves into the airway, IV at the pulmonary veins, and osmosis occurs.
D) air moves into the alveoli, blood is transported by the pulmonary capillaries, and diffusion occurs.
D) air moves into the alveoli, blood is transported by the pulmonary capillaries, and diffusion occurs.
An artery is a blood vessel, that only:
A) returns blood to the heart
B) carries oxygenated blood
C) carries deoxygenated blood
D) carries blood away from the heart
D) carries blood away from the heart
Which of the following can cause respiratory depression?
A) High concentration of oxygen, depress breathing on the patient has an allergic reaction to administrated oxygen.
B) the ice develop scar tissue on the retina from high concentration of oxygen, leading to breathing becoming depressed.
C) end stage, COPD changes the stimulus to breathe from high carbon dioxide levels to low oxygen levels, causing breathing to become depressed when oxygen is administered.
D) the ones reach unfavorably to high concentration of oxygen, administered for long periods of time and breathing becomes depressed.
C) end stage COPD changes a stimulus to breathe from high carbon dioxide levels to low oxygen levels, causing breathing to become depressed when oxygen is administered.
The safe residual for an oxygen cylinder is
_____psi.
A) 500
B) 200
C) 300
D) 1,000
-
B) 200
What best describes the level of EMS training that emphasizes activation of the EMS system and provides immediate care for life-threatening problems?
A) emergency medical dispatcher
B) EMT
C) emergency medical responder
D) cardiac care responder
C) emergency medical responder
