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Positive Psych > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What did psychology focus on prior to WWII

A
  1. curing mental illness
  2. making the lives of all people more productive and fulfilling
  3. identifying and nurturing high talent
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2
Q

What the field of psychology neglected after WWII

A

Making the lives of all people better and nurturing genius

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3
Q

The economic events that occurred after WWII that changed the direction of psychology

A
  • the veterans administration was founded
  • the national institute of mental health
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4
Q

Veterans administration

A

people learned they could make a living off of treating mental illness

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5
Q

The national institute of mental health

A

academic found out that they could get grants for their research - if about pathology

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6
Q

How positive psych fits in with prevention and psychotherapy

A
  • may have the direct effect of preventing many of the major emotional disorders
  • making the lives of clients physically healthier
  • making normal people stronger and more productive
  • making high human potential
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7
Q

Strengths that are built into therapy

A
  • courage, optimism, honesty, interpersonal skill, in sight
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8
Q

The reasons Dr. Seligman believes psychology is good

A
  • some of the disorders are now treatable
  • a science of mental illness
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9
Q

Some of the consequences of the disease model that were not good according to Dr. Seligman

A
  • became victimologists (can’t change) and pathologizers (making human experience mental illness)
  • forgot about improving normal lives
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10
Q

The 3 happy lives

A
  1. the pleasant life
  2. the good life (life of engagement
  3. the meaningful life
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11
Q

The pleasant life

A

Having as many pleasures as possible
- learning the skills to amplify them
BUT- heritable, habituates (keep doing the same thing, happiness level drops) - least satisfaction with life

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12
Q

The good life (the life of engagement)

A

pleasure vs. flow (being engaged)
- recraft work, love, play

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13
Q

The meaningful life

A

knowing your signature strength
- use in the service something greater than you
- positive institutions

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14
Q

Seligaman’s 11th reason for optimism

A

technology to increase happiness

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15
Q

Flow

A

Fully absorbing experience
- complete concentration
- actions and awareness are merged
- losing awareness are merged
- transformation of time
DANGERS
- when flow activity becomes a necessity
- losing a larger perspective

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16
Q

Relationship between skill and challenge in terms of flow

A

balance between challenge and skill that are required for flow, both have to be stretched

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17
Q

Universal definition of happiness

A

no universal agreement

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18
Q

Theories of happiness

A
  • hedonism theory
  • desire theory
  • objective list theory
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19
Q

Hedonism Theory

A

maximize feeling of pleasure and minimize pain
Problem= love and pain- two sides of the same coin

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20
Q

Desire Theory

A

Happiness is a matter of getting what you want
- Fulfillment of getting your desires contribute to happiness regarding of amount of happiness or pain

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21
Q

Objective list theory

A

Happiness is not a feeling
- achieves certain things from a list worthwhile pursuits

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22
Q

Predictors of happiness

A
  • mindfulness or meditation
  • character strengths
  • coaching
  • hope
  • age
  • married
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23
Q

The benefits happy people typically have

A
  • larger social rewards
  • superior work outcomes
  • larger social rewards
  • superior work outcomes
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24
Q

Larger social rewards

A
  • higher odds of marriage and lower odds of divorce
  • more friends
  • stronger social support
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25
Q

Superior work outcomes

A
  • greater creativity
  • increases productivity
  • higher quantity of work
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26
Q

Larger social rewards

A
  • higher odds or marriage and lower odds of divorce
  • more friends
  • stronger social support
27
Q

Superior work outcomes

A
  • greater creativity
  • increased productivity
28
Q

3 sources of scientific pessimism

A
  1. genetically determined set point for happiness
  2. personality traits
    3.hedonic treadmill
29
Q

Genetically determined set point for happiness

A

people return back their setpoint

30
Q

Personality traits

A

consistent across situations and across lifespan

31
Q

Hedonic treadmill

A

gains of happiness are temporary because humans adapt so quickly to change

31
Q

4 present sources of optimism

A
  1. some researchers have had success in using intervention to increase happiness
  2. many different motivational and attitudinal factors have been linked to well being that are presumably amenable to some vlitional contorl
  3. genes are not destiny
31
Q

3 primary factors that affect happiness- integrated model of happiness

A
  1. happiness set point
  2. life circumstances
  3. intentional activity
31
Q

Role of effect in implementing happiness

A

want to chose something that works for you, start the activity and maintain the activty

31
Q

Broaden and build theory of positive emotions

A

positive emotions expand thought and behaviors, our broadened array of thoughts and actions helps us build resources over time
- when we experience positive emotions then everything is better, our minds are broadened and that makes us have more resources

31
Q

Affective forecasting

A

people routinely mispredict how much pleasure or displeasure future events will bring positive or negative

31
Q

Impact bias

A

people overestimate the intensity and duration of their emotional reactions to future events

32
Q

Causes of impact bias

A
  • focalism
  • ignoring sense making
33
Q

Focalism

A

the tendency to overestimate how much we will think about the event in the future and to underestimate the extent to which other events will influence our thoughts and feelings

34
Q

Ignoring sense making

A

failing to recognise how readily they will make sense of novel or unexpected events once they happen

35
Q

Four processes people go through when poorly understood and expected events happen

A
  1. pay alot of attention to the event
  2. react emotionally to the event
  3. attempt to make sense of the event
  4. adapt to the event emotionally
35
Q

Savorting strategies

A

strategies to prolong and increase positive emotions
- behavior display
- be present
- capitalizing
- positive mental time travel

36
Q

Behavioral display- savoring

A

experessing positive emotions via nonverbals

37
Q

Be present- savoring

A

bringing attention directly to the pleasant present experience

38
Q

Capitalizing- savoring

A

communication and celevrating the event with others

39
Q

Positive mental time travel- savoring

A

vividly remembering or anticipating positive events

40
Q

Dampening strategies

A

reduce positive emotions
- suppress positive emotions
- distraction
- fault finding
- negative mental time travel

41
Q

Distraction- dampening

A

engaging in thought and activities unrelated to the current positive event

42
Q

Fault Finding- dampening

A

paying attention to the negative elements of otherwise positive situations or focusing on what could be even better

43
Q

Negative mental time travel- dampening

A

negative reminiscence such as reflecting on the causes of a positive event with an emphasis on external attribution

44
Q

Dialectic

A

the dynamic tension of opposition between two interacting forces or elements
- how 2 opposites while being opposed are intimately connected and dependents on the other for their very existence

45
Q

Emergence of positive psych

A

synthesis model
- thesis
- antithesis
- synthesis

46
Q

Thesis

A

psychology usual focuses on the negative

47
Q

Antithesis

A

Positive Psych embracing the positive
- the first wave of PP
- PP focused just on positive emotions and thoughts and negative phenomena were thought to be undesirable

48
Q

Synthesis

A

focusing on the positive and negative (embracing the dark side)

49
Q

appraisals

A

out initial appraisal of our state of mind, idea, or a situation may be incomplete or inaccurate
- contextualization
- temporal contextualization
- spatial contextualization

50
Q

Contextualization

A

situating this appraisal in a broader context
(passage of time and subsequent events)

51
Q

temporal contextualization

A

meaning of a current event being altered by perspective at other points in time
(Posttraumatic growth- thought life was going to be horrible but later made like long friends bc of it)

52
Q

Spatial contextualization

A

considering the event from a different persepctive in the current moment
(going out of state for college- I will miss them but I am also happy for them)

53
Q

Positive can be negative

A

positive emotions can be damaging to our wellbeing in certain circumstances
- optimism
- self esteem
- forgiveness
- altruism
- happiness

54
Q

Pessimism

A

connection between pessimism and proactive coping (strategic, anticipatory fault finding and problem solving)

55
Q

Sadness

A

need to be careful about viewing states likes sadness as inappropiate
1. risk of patholgizing
2. allinates suffering
3. people feel bad about feeling bad

56
Q

Optimism

A

dangers
- under appreciation at risk
- maladaptive risk taking (gambling)

57
Q

Foregiveness

A

dangers
- if a person tolerates a destrutive situation rather than change
- people who make external attributions for their partners abuse or are more forgiving of such transgression are at greater risk for ongoing abuse

Positive Psych (5 decks)

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