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Chinese Society > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

To prepare for the first Chinese society test that will cover the Chinese Geography, population, and people

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Chinese (Mandarin) flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the major Chinese Dynastys?

A

xia then Shang (1766-1122 bc)• Qin 秦(221-206 B.C.E.) • Han 汉 (202B.C.E.-C.E.220) • Tang 唐(618-907) • Song 宋(960-1279) Northern Song(960-1126) Southern Song (1127-1279) • Ming 明Dynasty (1368-1644) • Qing 清(1644-1911)

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2
Q

How many countries does China share a border with?

A

14 Countries also faces South Korea, Japan and Phillipines

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3
Q

How large is the land frontier?

A

12,400 miles in length

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4
Q

How far does the coastline extneds

A

about 8,700 miles

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5
Q

How is the physical geoography devided?

A

3 tiers

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6
Q

The first geographic level is?

A

Plateau of Tibet - qinghai with aveage height of 16,500 feet and is knows as the “roof of the world.

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7
Q

Second Geogrpahic Level?

A

Several plateaus and basins from Mongolia to Yunan-Guizhou, average height betwwen 6,000 to 1,500 feet.

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8
Q

Third Geographic Level?

A

From taihang mountain range to china sea, height below 1,500 feet.

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9
Q

West is the what?

A

The Frontier

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10
Q

The East is what?

A

China Proper

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11
Q

Describe the East

A

Easter China has the heaviest population density and majority of the people are han. The consider themselves the center of China’s Civilization

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12
Q

Descript the West

A

Western China has far fewer people and muc of them are minority population of tibetans, mongols, uygurs and other ethnic groups.

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13
Q

North

A

North China has the yellow river. it is dry, but rainfall is sufficient for agriculture. wheat based diet, mandarin dialect, heavy industry

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14
Q

South

A

The Yangtze river, wet-field ag. rice diet, hillside tea, rivers and lakes, rich dialects light industry.

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15
Q

Describe Chinese climate

A

the limate is dominated seasonal movements of two ari masses, the winter monsoon from siberia nd the summer tropical monsoon from teh south and east china seas.

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16
Q

How does the monsoons affect weather patterns between the north and south

A

Nprth is dry and cold. South is warm and wet

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17
Q

The interaction of the two air masses of the monsoons frequently results in what?

A

Floods and drougtht

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18
Q

China Territory

A

9,640,821 Km. sq.

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19
Q

China Cultivated land

A

450,000 sp. miles (2% for animal husbandry)

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20
Q

China Population

A

China 1.3 billion (majority is han)

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21
Q

The Chinese mythical origin

A

Pangu 盘古 - Creator of all things the act of creation was a matter of forming an ordered pattern, not emergence out of nothing The above passage from an ancient text describes the beginning of all existences. Before the Heaven and Earth were separated, there was chaos—vast and unknowable—containing all the elements of creation. It took the form of moist darkness within a giant egg. At its heart Pangu, the creator, slowly came to life. Egg white became the Heaven and egg yolk became the Earth. Everyday, the sky grew one yard higher, the Earth one yard thicker and Pangu grew one yard taller. After 18,000 years, the heaven, earth and Pangu all reached to their utter most. All this time, Pangu axed and chiseled to see his task of separating the Heaven and the Earth done. When the task was completed, he lay down upon the Earth and his vast body dissolved and transformed into objects of our universe and human world.

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22
Q

Who were the legendary soveriegns?

A
  1. Huang Di (黄帝the Yellow Lord) 2. Yao (尭) 3. Shun (舜 4. Yu （禹）
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23
Q

What was Huang Di (黄帝the Yellow Lord) known for

A

was believed to be the very first ancestor of the chinese and the very first of the five great pre-dynastic rulers who ruled china in the 3rd millennium bc

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24
Q

what was Yao (尭) known for?

A

believed to have extraordinary admin talent and virtue. devised calendar and rituals

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25
Q

What was Shun (舜) known for?

A

moral giant of his time setting examples for ehtics and morals

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26
Q

What was Yu （禹） known for?

A

credited to have prevented floods (engineer dredged yellow river)

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27
Q

What is the chinese essence of existence

A

order and harmony, reducing chaos to order

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28
Q

What is the relationship between man and nature

A

parasitic, human takes from nature and is dependent on its resources.

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29
Q

Gods vs human?

A

The Chinese attributes to a series of extraordinary individuals, not gods, the creators of their race and civilization,. These human beings exhibit the kind of virtues that the Chinese think of great importance in human society. The idea that rulers are heroes who contribute to the wellbeing of the community and its people became the cornerstone of Chinese political ethics.

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30
Q

What are the major Archaeological finds?

A

homo erectus – over 1,000,000 years ago homo sapiens – ca. 100,000 years ago Palaeolithic era (= Old Stone Age) ca. 100,000 to 10,000 BC end of last ice age ca. 10,000 BC: favorable climatic conditions Neolithic era (= New Stone Age) ca. 10,000 to 2,000 BC several regional cultures Late Neolithic era (3,000 – 2,000 BC): increasing contact between regional cultures Anthropological Origin: Lantian Man (850,000-700,000 BC) Early Paleolithic age Homo erectus, found in two locations in Lantian county in central China. The Gongwangling fossils contained a skull, nasal bones, a right maxilla and three molars, all belonging to an adult, probably a female.

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31
Q

What was a serf

A

person who performed labor in return for certain customary rights lord had legal right to command his serfs, including judicial autority over them

32
Q

Is the Chinese legacy certain?

A

no, many debates about the legacy of the chinese people

33
Q

Who are the chinese?

A

The question also has a cultural identity dimension. We need to recognize that on one hand, there is always a tendency to promote a common culture and way of life as expressed in dress, architecture, ritual and etiquette, family life, scholarship and public service. On the other hand, “Chineseness” is also created by the activities of ordinary people in local variations and customs which reinforced strong emotional ties to native places.

34
Q

the ethnic policies are?

A

contradictory

35
Q

what model of the chinese people exists?

A

multi-ethnic/multi-culturalist model

36
Q

describe the attributes of the ehtnic polices and major issues

A

Administrative structure of autonomous regions and prefectures Affirmative action incentives Retain ethnic cultural heritage Mono-ethnic/ culturalist model Promotion of national identify, instead of ethnic identity. Economic policies resulted in internal migration Chinese-centric culture Language issues China’s Population Issue Beach Scene: Qingdao

37
Q

How many Ethnic groups are there in China?

A

56, the Han Chinese are the majority

38
Q

Describe the Han

A

Refers to majortity ethnic group within china. Constitutes over 92% of the puplation. Synonamous with “Chinese”

39
Q

Descripe the Uighurs

A

Turkic ethnic group. live in NW region. Include Arab, Persian or Mongol decedents of Hui ethnic group 35 mil. muslims in china. Western Xinjiang region 90 percont are Uighurs and has been the central spot of conflict in recent years

40
Q

Describe Tibetans

A

5 Million. Complex relation to China, are the animonsitiese that separate them. own spoken and written languag based on script of Kashmir. Practice Lamaism Buddhism. (buddhism come to tibet in the 7th centruy through marriage of tibetan king Songsten Gampo to a Nepalian Chinese princes. Made state religion later) Prior to 1950s, feudal serdom system was in place

41
Q

What is the explanation for high population?

A

Cultural beliefs and practices. ancestors reverence. did not practice primogeniture.

42
Q

define Ancestor reverence

A

A Unique Chinese spiritual belief regarding the mutual dependency of the living and their dead ancestors hun and po dual souls. became internalized part fo chinese culture - reproductive dutry, emphasis on family, and respect and care for elders

43
Q

define primogeniture

A

first son gets inheritance. in china, all sons had equal inheritance rights

44
Q

Effect of not following primogeniture

A

incentives for having ones own family, had enormous implications on chinese economy. no was sacrificed, children were not pushed out to fend for themselse, but kept in the security of the family and its land

45
Q

What foods are produced primarly?

A

Rice, corn, sweet potatoes and oeanuts.

46
Q

Importance of rice

A

Introduction of higher-yielding rice seeds from vietnam around the 10th century enabled two or 3 crops a yers. ric is backbreaking business and demands human muscle

47
Q

What was the effect of New World Crops?

A

Corn, sweet potatoes, peanuts - nocompetitve with common grain crops - they could be grown in marginal areas such as on hill slopes and where soils were dry or sandy. food production doubled so did the population

48
Q

Fact on Chinese population issue

A

Pop (2010) - 1,330,141,295. ag structure: 0-14 - 19.8% 15-64 - 72.1% 65+ - 8.1%

49
Q

Population growth rate in china?

A

.494%

50
Q

What is the demographic transition theory?

A

based on the experiences of western European countries/populations, the model of demographic tansition suggestd that a populations mortality and fertility wrould decline as a result of social and economic development. it predicted that all countries would over time go through for demographic stages.

51
Q

What is the second phase of the transition theory?

A

-low death rate and high birth rate China entered second phase between 1950-1970. Population grew from 560 million to 790 million. introduction of a near-universal health care system created a dramatic reduction on death rate (1920-30s: 41 deaths per 1000, 1970s: 7.6 per 1000, 80% cut)

52
Q

Man Mouth vs man-hand

A

Government was unceratin and devided on mathusian or marxist ideas.

53
Q

Describe Mathus theory

A

“population, when unchecked, increases in geometric ratio. subsistence increases only in a rithmetic ratio” Human species would increase as the numbers 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 and subsitence as 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,… “population would always press against he means of subsistence, unless it was prevented by some very powerful and obvious checks”

54
Q

Marxist ideas

A

no such thing as overpopuklatio, the problem is the unequal distributing of goods and services. “if poor people were given control over the means of subsistence - equipment, knowledge, land and an adequate share fo the wealth - their production of goods and services would far surpass the growth of population.

55
Q

What is the third phase

A

-low birt and death rate enter by the late 1960s. government acknowledge the advers effects of rapid population growth.

56
Q

what is the “late-longer-fewer” idea

A

government campaign that encouraged having kids later in life, waiting longer for them and having less children. increased legal age of marraige to 25 for women and 27for men, promoted ocntraception and abortion in urban areas.

57
Q

when was onchild per family inplemented

A

1979

58
Q

what was part of the population policyes reason for creation?

A

shocked by 1 billion population. grain production increase at annual rate fo 2.3% consuption by .2%. 3 times more woman entering than leaving reproductive stages

59
Q

Describe the one child policy

A

was meant to curp the momentum of the population growth, was meant to be a temporary policy. goal was to keep population under 1.2 billion by 2000 (failed) both stick and carrot: mandated fines for unauthorized children, risk of losing jobs. montly allowance for one child, educational campaigns. free contraceptive,

60
Q

How was the one child policy changed for rural areas in med-1980s?

A

quota sytem was put in place. first child a girl, were allowed another attempt for a boy

61
Q

how is one child inforced?

A

coercive measure by local government. policy met resistance and ahs not been effective in the coutryside. is not applied to the minorities. fines are hard to inforce on rural areas. some areas of pension system to encourage low birth rate

62
Q

birth defects and one child law

A

special rights are given to those with birth defects, may have another child.

63
Q

why is pop growth a problem

A

rduced family saving rates, gov. difficulties in providing basic services to a growing population, need for more rapid growth in GDP to keep up iwth pop growth and amintina living standards.

64
Q

Describe some of the effects of the one child policy

A

300 mil birth averted. 300 mil would prduced 1.5 billion tons of co2 a year.

65
Q

Describe the human rights stance by china

A

understand the human rights issue, but believe the collective interests overide the individual interests. aware of socail problems of on-child policy (anti-social and spoiled since only child) aware fo demographic impact

66
Q

explain demographic impact of one child

A

altered age structure of China. deomgraphers consider a pop to be aged wthen 7% of the population is ovre 65, china reached this in 2001, will ager further from now on. four-two-one syndrom

67
Q

what is the four-two-one syndrom

A

one child to take care of parents, and both grandparents ie 4 grandparents on 2 parents supported by 1 child

68
Q

Language

What is the character for Good?

A

好 :woman + Child = good

69
Q

Language

peace

A

Women under roof = a women in the house means peace for family

70
Q

Language

exquisite

A

Young women = young women is related to nature thus means exquisite

71
Q

Language

Jealous

A

Women + house hold = jealous

they gossip thats why

72
Q

Language

slave

A

Associated with women

73
Q

Language

Adultry

A

three women together

74
Q

Language

love

A

Two hands holding a heart

simplified lost the heart

75
Q

Yellow River Basin

A

Cradle of Chinese civilization

he who controls the river controls everything

Chinese Society (7 decks)

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