Test 1 Flashcards
Define Critical Thinking
The art of analyzing and evaluating thinking with a view of improving it
When reading a paper you should check…
The acknowledgements to see if there are competing interests or funding
What are the first four elements of thought?
Purpose, question, information, interpretation
What are the last four elements of thought?
Concepts, assumptions, consequences, and point of view
What is the purpose of psychology?
To understand human and animal behavior using the scientific method
What is the question of psychology?
What are the CAUSES of behavior in humans and animals
What is the information in psychology?
The operationalization and quantification of behavior
What is the interpretation of psychology?
Descriptive statistics
What are the concepts of psychology
Level of analysis (biological, cognitive, developmental, social)
What are the assumptions of psychology
Participants are honest, behavior can be studied, and principals explain behavior
Implications of psychology?
explain and predict behavior, help those with psychological disorders
Point of view of psychology?
General principles of behavior can be determined by applying the scientific method
Pros of knowing by authority?
efficient and easy
Cons of knowing by authority?
not all experts are equal, some are opinionated
Pros of knowing by reason?
if premises are correct then conclusion is accurate
Cons of knowing by reason
‘a priori’ method- developing a belief before having direct experience
Reason and systematically gathered data makes…
useful knowledge
Strengths of experience?
experiences happen every day and can be helpful
Weaknesses of experience?
No way to know if your experience reflects them all
What is belief perseverance?
holding on to a belief despite evidence contrary
What is confirmation bias?
search out info that confirms your beliefs, ignore info that doesnt
What is the availability heuristic?
thinking unusual events are more common than they are
Be wary of potential pseudoscience that..
reduces complex phenomenon to simplistic concepts
Define deontology
certain actions are inherently unethical and should never be performed
Define ethical skepticism
ethical decisions should be up to the individual
Define utilitarianism
benefits of the actions weighed against the cost
