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Equine > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q 
Which is a not reason for polycythemia?
A. Polycythemia Vera
B. Hemoconcentration 
C. Excessive fluid therapy 
D. Splenic Contraction
E. Right to left heart Shunt
A

C

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2
Q

Why do we not encourage the administration of rhEPO in horses.

A

Cause severe anemia
Anti-EPO antibodies
Banned

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3
Q

What abnormality can be seen with hemolytic anemia?

A. Liver enzymes decreased
B. Azotemia
C. Decreased total WBC
D. High Na and Cl concentrations

A

B- kidney is strained when hemoglobin is filtered

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4
Q

What are two types of regenerative anemia?

A

Hemorrhage

Hemolysis

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5
Q

What are some tests that can be done to test for immune mediated hemolytic anemia?

A

Coombs test

Autoagglutination a-RBC IgG

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6
Q

Heinz bodies (oxidative damage) are seen in horses when they consume …. (Select all that apply).

A. Red maple leaves
B. Wild onion
C. Red Oak
D. Foxglove flowers

A

A and B

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7
Q

What is a common bacteria that can cause a secondary infectious immune mediated hemolysis?

A

Strep. equi

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8
Q

What is not decreased in a Iron Deficiency patient?

A. Iron
B. Ferritin 
C. % saturation
D. Total iron binding capacity (TBIC)
E. Bone Marrow iron stores
A

D

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9
Q

T/F : iron deficiency typically occurs in horses older than 15 that have no access to soil or a pasture

A

False- typically foals with poor quality milk AND no access to soil/pasture. We do not give iron dextran to these cases as it causes acute heptatotoxicity

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10
Q

Relearive polycythemia is (more common/ less common/ just as common) as absolute polycythemia

A

More common

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11
Q

T/F: a systolic heart murmur is common in anemic patients

A

True

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12
Q

T/F: Reticulocyte count in a blood test is the most accurate way to diagnose regenerative vs non regenerative anemia in a horse

A

False- horses don’t release reticulocytes into peripheral circulation

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13
Q

Horses can lose up to ___ % of their blood volume without dying

A

33%

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14
Q

T/F Horses with EIA have no clinical signs and are in apparent carriers

A

True

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15
Q 
Which of the following affect primarily Belgian and miniature horses?
A. Von willebrands
B. Prekallikrein deficiency 
C. Factor viii deficiency 
D. Factor VII IX and XI Deficiency
A

B

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16
Q

Pigeon Fever (corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis) primarilary presents as an
A. External abscess
B. Internal Abscess
C. Ulcerative lymphangitis

A

A- easiest to treat too

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17
Q

A combination of what 3 clinical signs would force you to test for EIA?

A. Weight loss
B. Mild Fever
C. Anemia
D. Thrombocytopenia
E. Icterus
F. Edema
A

B C D

Thoigh all can be signs of EIA. These three are indication for testing for EIA

18
Q

Equine piroplasmosis (theileria equi and Vanessa caballi) is primary spread by___

A

Ticks- dermacentor and amblyomma

19
Q

Imidocarn dipropionate is used to treat what infectious disease?

A

Equine piroplasmosis

Donkey is sensitive to this drug

20
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum can be diagnosed by clinical signs, blood work and this specific trait in a blood smear. What is that trait?

A 
Inclusion bodies (morulae) in neutrophils 
This can be treated why oxytetracycline IV, doxycycline or minocycline PO. But is also self limiting in 14 days
21
Q

Platelet surface antibody is considered normal if it below ___%

A

4

22
Q

EIA causes thrombocytopenia by what mechanism(s).

A. Decrease production
B. Increased destruction
C. Increased consumption
D. Increased sequestration

A

A and B

23
Q

Bone marrow disease causes thrombocytopenia by what mechanism(s).

A. Decrease production
B. Increased destruction
C. Increased consumption
D. Increased sequestration

A

A

24
Q

DIC causes thrombocytopenia by what mechanism(s).

A. Decrease production
B. Increased destruction
C. Increased consumption
D. Increased sequestration

A

C

25
Q

IMHA causes thrombocytopenia by what mechanism(s).

A. Decrease production
B. Increased destruction
C. Increased consumption
D. Increased sequestration

A

B

26
Q

Endotoxemia causes thrombocytopenia by what mechanism(s).

A. Decrease production
B. Increased destruction
C. Increased consumption
D. Increased sequestration

A

D

27
Q

Splenomegaly causes thrombocytopenia by what mechanism(s).

A. Decrease production
B. Increased destruction
C. Increased consumption
D. Increased sequestration

A

D

28
Q

T/F DIC causes a high fibrinogen counts

A

False- low

Along with thrombocytopenia, increased PT and PTT, high FDP, low ATIII activity

29
Q

T/F: Lymphoma is common in young horses

A

True

30
Q

Serum thymidine kinase tend to (increase/ decrease/ stays WNL) when a horse has lymphoma

A

Increase

31
Q

What can be used in the treatment of lymphoma in horses?

A

Corticosteroids and chemo

32
Q

T/F. In pregnant mates cutaneous lymphoma can metastasize

A

False. They actually tend to resolve on their own. These cutaneous masses are hard but not painful

33
Q

When the jugular vein is blocked blood caudal to the block should or should not be pulsing up

A

Should not. Valve problem or heart failure

34
Q

T/F edema on the nose, belly and the limbs are all signs of heart failure.

A

False- if horses is walking then no edema on limbs. But there will be edema on the nose and belly

35
Q

Eupnea is

A

Effortless breathing with slight abdominal effort

36
Q

What are the anatomical landmarks for lung auscultation in the horse

A

Cranial border- vertical line that runs along caudal border of triceps
Caudal border- diagonal line from last rib (dorsal) to point of elbow (ventral)
Dorsal border- horizontal line parallel to ground that runs from tuber coxswain to scapula

37
Q

Myocardial disease is diagnosed via what test?

A

cTnI

38
Q

T/F: Regarding VSD the louder the murmur is the more severe the defect is

A

False- large defects can actually be more quiet due to less resistance
VSD is associated with poor growth, lethargy, right sided systolic murmur and left systolic murmur PMI

39
Q

Physiologic murmurs occur due to (low/high) vagal tones in horses when at rest

A

High vagal tone

2nd degree AV Block because slower heart rate and is normal in many horses. These disappear with exercise

40
Q

(Select all that apply) Atrial fibrillation occurs
A. In larger breeds
B. After exercise
C. As an irregularly irregular beat
D. Due to disorganized electrical signals at the SA node

A

ABCD

41
Q

Quinidine is used to treat AF. Why must it be given via a nasogastric tube?

A

It is corrosive to the mouth and esophagus It is toxic and can cause colic, irritation, anorexia. A wide QRS means it is at a toxic dose for the horse
Amiodarone can be used but more expensive

42
Q

Thrombophlebitis can be treated using many different routes. Name some

A

NSAID, cold/hot packs, antibiotics if infected

Equine (10 decks)

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