Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fundamentals > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cell Membrane

A

contains everything in the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Phospholipids

A

hydro- water philic- like Like water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lipid

A

fatty acid these can diffuse (move from high to low) across cell membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

membrane proteins

A

gated channels on the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

carier proteins

A

bind and transport solutes across the cell membrane (active transport)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

active transport

A

moves a substance against concentration gradient. moves a solute from (low) ->(high)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

receptors

A

are the lock that needs a key (insulin is the key, to allow glucose to enter the cell) insulin binds to the receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

facilitated transport

A

moving a solute (sugar for example) from a high to low concentration. glucose is large molecule, so it needs to be facilitated into the cell, where there is a low concentration of sugar there.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gated ion channels

A

open and close at specific times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

agonist

A

triggers the response of a cell (receptor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

antagonist

A

halts the response of a cell (receptor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cell identifier

A

tells cells who they are, as self or non-self (good guy or bad guy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cytoplasm

A

surrounds and supports all the cell organelles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cytoskeleton

A

the matrix that give the cell its support the “skeleton” of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

organnells

A

all suspend in the cell, think of our own organs, all all serve a different function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A

the transporter (moves things through the cytoplasm.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum ER

A

contains the ribosomes where protein is synthesized (produced)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum ER

A

site that steroid are synthesized (produced)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

mitocondria

A

the power house (converts food into energy, ATP.) Krebs Cycle, cellular respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

This is the packing plant. Its where the cell will package proteins give it a final touches on protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ribosomes

A

site that the synthesis of protein is (rough ER)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lysosomes

A

the digestive plant of the cell (where all the waist within the cell is handled)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

centrioles

A

help separate the chromosomes during mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Nucleus

A

holds all the important information (the computer of the cell) has the DNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the functions of a cell?

A
  • movement (muscle, myocyts)
  • metabolic absorption (kindneys and intestinal cells)
  • respiration (all cells, creating engergy)
  • reproduction (most cells)
  • secretion (mucous gland cells)
  • excretion (all cells)
  • conductivity (nerve cells)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

endocrine signalling

A

when the cells respond to hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

paracine signaling

A

when the cells send a chemicle signal to the surrounding cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

autocine signaling

A

when the cell sends a message to itself.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

juxtacrine signaling

A

when the cell sends a message the cells immediately adjacent to it.

Juxta- next to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

synaptic signaling

A

neurotransmitter

synaps - nerve ending

31
Q

Atrophy

A

A- without

Trophy- growth

32
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Hyper- above

Trophy- growth

increases in size and demands more glucose and O2 to function.

it should revert back after muscle demand is done (think working out)

33
Q

hyperplasia

A

hyper- above

plasia- multiply

increase in the number of specific type of cell

34
Q

dysplasia

A

dys- difficult

plasia- multiply

35
Q

Metaplasia

A

Meta- “comprehesive lacking”

Plasia- multiplying

transformation of one type of mature cell into another type of mature cell

36
Q

how can chemicals harm cells

A
37
Q

how do infections change cells

A

Bacteria- too big for the cell, triggers inflammatory resonse

38
Q

what area of the bone are cells made?

A

the marrow

39
Q

what bones are the primary cell producers

A

pelvis

scapula

sternum

40
Q

eythrocytes

A

red blood cells

41
Q

leukocystes

A

white blood cell

42
Q

anemia

A

Anemia results from a lack of red blood cells

43
Q

polycythemia

A

poly- too many

is a type of blood cancer. It causes your bone marrow to make too many red blood cells

44
Q

platelets

A
45
Q

aggregation

A
46
Q

What are receptors?

A

They signal specific action.

47
Q

Baro Receptors

A

The see the pressure changes

  • kidneys
  • carotid
48
Q

Chemo Receptors

A
  • see the change in the chemical imbalance in the body.
49
Q

osmoreceptors

A

senses the change in osmolarity in the body.

-Triggers Thirst

50
Q

Beta 1

A
  • this is what will make the heart go faster. But it really effects the:
  • inotropic
  • dronotropic
  • chronotropic

effects of the heart

51
Q

Beta 2

A
  • This is a smooth muscle dialator.
  • Vasodialates

There are B2 sites in the lungs. Not really anywhere else.

Opens lungs

52
Q

Alpha 1

A
  • This is a vasoconstricter

Smooth muscle constricter

Found in our arteries and veins most.

53
Q

Alpha 2

A

This is in our centroneurogenic (Brain)

-when it is stimulated by Epi, it tells the adrinal gland to stop producing epi (negative feed back loop). The adrenal glad will continue, IF it gets another signal from the synaps that is firing from the sympothetic nervous system.

54
Q

catecholamines

A

a group of chemical that is released during Sympathetic reaction:

  • Epinephrine (adrenaline)
  • Dopamine
  • Norephinephrine
55
Q

acetylcholine

A
  • slows the heart (the parasympathetic response)
  • have on AV and SA node, no effect on the ventricles
56
Q

what is natrium?

A

Sodium (NA+)

57
Q

What is Kelemia

A

Potassium (K)

58
Q

Normal Levels for acid bases?

A

7.35-7.45

Going down in number is acidotic going up in number is alkolinic

59
Q

Normal Levels of PaCO2

A

35-45

Think of you Capno readings

60
Q

Normal levels of PaO2?

A

There is no max

This is why O2 can be dangerous to our stroke and MI pts. The O2 will start to change chemicle compounds in the tissue and create free radicals.

61
Q

What will cause metibolic acidosis?

A

Shock

62
Q

How does Bicarb work on acids?

A

Bicard is an alkolitic chemicle and will healp weaken the acid

63
Q

How does a protein buffer work for acidic pts?

A

carboxyhemoglobin travels to the lungs, makes carbonic acid, dissociates to CO2 and H2O and we breath it off.

64
Q

what is ADH

A

Antidiaretic Hormone

STOPS YOU FROM PEEING

-Alcohol will activate the release of ADH, so rather than holding onto water, you pee it out.

65
Q

Sodium Levels

A

135-145

Role is for neuro transmitter

66
Q

Potassium

A

3.5-5.5

Roles is for the function and contraction of heart muscle

67
Q

Calcium

A

4.5-5.5

For the strength and forceability

68
Q

Magnesium

A

1.8-2.4

69
Q

What ETCO value equals death?

A

<10mm

70
Q

Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC)

A

Spontaneous return of ETC02 30 mm HG means return of spontaneous pulse.

Need to get the patient ventilated.

71
Q

3 3 2 Rule

(airway management)

A

Three fingers in mouth, three finger on neck, 2 finger between posterior neck and cricoid cartilage.

Helps tell you if their mouth is big enough to open, they have enough room to move their tounge out of the way, and that they have a long enough neck to see the chords

72
Q

vallecula

A

the depression of pocket between the base of the tongue and epiglottis.

73
Q
A

Fundamentals (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions