Research

Question 1

Hawthorne effect

Answer 1

the alteration of behavior by the subjects of a study due to their awareness of being observed.

Question 2

Causation

Answer 2

causation is when on factor (or variable) causes another = lead poisoning and brain damage.

Question 3

correlation

Answer 3

Correlation is when two factors (or variable) are related, but one does not necessarily cause another = trampolines and joint injuries.

Question 4

Double blind studies

Answer 4

a method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

Question 5

Statistical terms

-n

Answer 5

population size, how many pieces of data in the set

Question 6

Statistical Terms

Average

Answer 6

Describes the center of a set of data

Question 7

Statistical terms

Mode

Answer 7

most frequent number

Question 8

Standard deviation

Answer 8

measures the spread of data about the mean value

Question 9

Confidence intervals

Answer 9

range of values we are fairly sure the true value lies in

Question 10

Hypothesis

Answer 10

has to provide value to the community in which we are researching

Question 11

Quantitative

Answer 11

numbers

Objective based

Question 12

Qualitative

Answer 12

Observation

Immersed in some sort of environment. Very subjective

Question 13

Prospective studies-

Answer 13

Move into the future. Follow patients and monitor outcomes.

Question 14

Retrospective studies- (most common)

Answer 14

Very easy to do - since you’re just looking back at past events.
But we can’t set parameters. (could be back too far, and have irrelevant information)
It is collecting data from reports (Data Mining)

Question 15

Cohort studies

Answer 15

groups of people with common characteristics.

Question 16

Case-control studies

Answer 16

Multiple groups, normal drug, new drug, and placebo. Uses control group to monitor progress

Question 17

Randomized studies

Answer 17

nobody knows anything. In EMS different treatments on odd/even days. No bias of the researcher if completely random

Question 18

Cross-sectional studies

Answer 18

Measures the prevalence of health out comes or determinants of health in a population at a point in time or over a short period.

Question 19

Blinded or Double-Blinded studies

Answer 19

everyone is blind to the study. Takes away the Bias

Double Blinded study gives the best data from the study

Question 20

Ethical review boards

Answer 20

IRB (investigational review board) approval-3rd Party!

Question 21

White paper

Answer 21

EMS created in 1966 we are under DOT

Question 22

Prospective studies

Answer 22

forward in time, randomized

Question 23

Retrospective studies

Answer 23

after the event, collect data from reports

Question 24

Randomized studies

Answer 24

control and study groups at random

Question 25

Ethics

Answer 25

treating patients with what is known to work (not risking consequences)

Question 26

Blinded studies

Answer 26

pt, practitioner, or both dont know if standard therapy or therapy being studied being administered (single & double blinded)

Question 27

scientific Method

Answer 27

• ask the question
• conduct literature review to seek answers
• determine a hypothesis based on literature review
• test the hypothesis
• analyze the data to prove or disprove hypothesis, consider limitations
• report findings, discuss limitations
• repeat with findings