Test 1 (1 of 2)

Question 1

what does this define: Standards of behaviour or beliefs concerning what is and is not acceptable.

Answer 1

Morals

Question 2

what does this define: The analysis of good and bad (morality) that allows us to make choices that lead to a “good and worthwhile life”.

Answer 2

Ethics

Question 3

what does this define: Using formal logic to answer questions of right and wrong, good and bad, justice and injustice.

Answer 3

ethical Reasoning

Question 4

what does this define: Personally held beliefs and opinions, guide our lives by influencing our choices, and deal with matters that are beneficial and desirable on individual or societal level

Answer 4

Values

Question 5

what does this define: values based on determining what is right or good; Influence how decisions are made, and shape a person’s life and career

Answer 5

ethical values

Question 6

what does this define: Morally wrong; not conforming to accepted standards of morality, and a person who is immoral knowingly chooses to do wrong?

Answer 6

Immoral

Question 7

what does this define: A situation where an individual must choose between competing ethical obligations that are based upon personally or professionally held ethical principles

Answer 7

Ethical Dilemma

Question 8

what does this define: do unto others as you would have them do unto you

Answer 8

Golden Rule

Question 9

what does this define: the ancient Greeks’ ethics were to live life honorably and without excess

Answer 9

Areté/Virtue

Question 10

what does this define: A statement that is seemingly contradictory or opposed to common sense and yet is perhaps true

Answer 10

Paradox

Question 11

what does this define: comes from the Greek word deon meaning obligation or duty; an ethical system primarily concerned with one’s duty, also known as ethical formalism or absolutism. Defines actions as right or wrong

Answer 11

Deontology/Deontological theory

Question 12

what does this define: happiness in the sense of living well, which all men desire; all acts are but different means chosen to arrive at it. greeks view people with this as a moral character.

Answer 12

Eudaimonia

Question 13

what does this define: society and the relationship between rules and laws, and why society needs them. a voluntary agreement between the government and the governed; dictates that we will not break laws or certain moral codes.

Answer 13

Social Contract Theory

Question 14

what does this define: refers to the differences in morality from culture to culture, what is moral in one culture may not be moral in another culture, depending on the culture

Answer 14

Moral Relativism

Question 15

what does this define: an orientation toward liberalism and forms the basis for what law enforcement; and the criminal justice system, should strive for in a pluralistic and liberal society

Answer 15

Rawls’ Theory of Justice

Question 16

what does this describe: concerned with the consequences of ethical decisions and focuses on the idea of utility usefulness, or happiness, that is created as a consequence of our actions

Answer 16

Utilitarianism

Question 17

which person is responsible for utilitarianism developing principles of utility by defining it as a measure of maximizing pleasure while minimizing pain.

Answer 17

Jeremy Bentham

Question 18

which person is responsible for utilitarianism: reconsidered the principles and suggested that pleasure shouldn’t refer to sensual pleasure but also mental pleasure, such as; music, literature, and friendship. Intellectual pleasures are preferable to sensual ones.

Answer 18

John Stuart Mill

Question 19

what does this describe: an ethical system primarily focused on duty, also known as ethical formalism or absolutism? It emphasizes the moral intent of a decision or action over the end result. the necessity of an action done out of respect for the law

Answer 19

Deontology

Question 20

Who formulated deontology, believing that actions are intrinsically right or wrong, regardless of the consequences. the duties must be applied to everyone equally; two types of duties are Conditional/hypothetical imperatives & categorical imperatives

Answer 20

Immanuel Kant

Question 21

what does this describe: the idea that if you are a good person, you will do good things, and to be good, you must do good; the quality of an individual’s moral character and life is most important

Answer 21

Virtue Ethics

Question 22

Who formulated Virtue Ethics: flourishing in life or living in a state of well-being; used the word eudaimonia, to express the state of well-being and living a flourishing life. Virtues are strengths of a person’s character that promote flourishing & well-being.

Answer 22

Aristotle

Question 23

what does this describe: also known as feminist ethics; primarily concerned with caring for others. the care for those who cannot care for themselves such as infants.

Answer 23

Ethics of Care

Question 24

what does this describe: A descriptive principle that does not tell us necessarily how we ought to behave, but rather why we behave the way we do. concept of “letting five die” is built on not wanting to be a murder which is based on the idea that pulling the switch to kill one person is a moral action, and inaction is amoral.

Answer 24

Egoism

Question 25

what does this describe: religion is considered the most widely used system to make ethical decisions and to conduct moral reasoning; also this theory uses god as the source for all principles; in this way, it relies upon divine command theory. a person must believe that there is a willful and rational god that provides the direction toward an ethical outcome

Answer 25

Religion or Divine Command Theory

Question 26

what does this describe: asserts that what is good is natural and what is natural is good; guided by our human nature to figure out what the laws are.

Answer 26

Natural Law

Question 27

who is this: who viewed the world as being created by God and understood that humans are rational beings capable of using their intellect to comprehend the world about the natural law?

Answer 27

Saint Thomas Aquinas

Question 28

what does this describe: another descriptive theory about society and the relationship between rules and laws; and why society needs them. everyone’s interest to enforce rules that ensure safety and security for everyone

Answer 28

Social Contract Theory

Question 29

Who proposed that a society without rules and laws to govern our actions would be a dreadful place to live; also described a society without rules as living in a “statue of nature”; in Social Contract Theory

Answer 29

Thomas Hobbes

Question 30

what does this describe: oriented toward liberalism and forms the basis for what law enforcement, and the criminal justice system, should strive for in a pluralistic and liberal society

Answer 30

Rawls’ Theory of Justice

Question 31

who was a contemporary philosopher who studied theories surrounding justice; his theories are not focused on helping individuals cope with ethical dilemmas; in Rawls’s Theory of Justice

Answer 31

John Rawls

Question 32

what does this describe: viewed as either relativist or absolutist, it refers to the differences in morality from culture to culture;

Answer 32

Moral relativism