Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Life 106 Physiology and Pharmacology > Terry Gleave > Flashcards

Terry Gleave Flashcards

1
Q

what happens if the sodium/potassium pump gets poisoned?

A

it stops working

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Na+ voltage gated ion channels are either:

A

open, closed or closed&inactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Unipolar sensory neurons have…

A

one long axon which connects receptors to the spinal cord or brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

multipolar, inter and motor neurons have

A

many dendrites and one axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bipolar neurons have

A

one dendrite and one axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the equilibrium potential for K+?

A

-90mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Alan L. Hodgkin and Andrew F. Huxley won a Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine in 1963. Wha did they record in 1939?

A

They first recorded the resting potential from living neuron - Squid giant axon (0.5mm in diameter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The threshold is when

A

the membrane potential becomes more positive than at rest and depolarisation reaches a trigger point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

At threshold, what is generated?

A

an action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

As the axon hillock depolarizes, which voltage gated ion channels open rapidly?

A

Na+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Conduction velocity is the speed of…?

A

Action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

1-20m/s is the speed of what?

A

an impulse that travels along neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the speed of conduction depend on?

A

The diameter of a fiber (bigger AP= faster), temperature and whether or not it is myelinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is saltatory conduction?

A

Where action potentials jump between nodes of Ranvier under myelination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A fibres are

A

large myelinated axons that conduct action potential at the speed 15-120 m/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

B fibres are

A

medium diameter myelinated axons that conduct the action potential at the speed 3-15 m/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

C fibres are

A

unmyelinated axons that conduct the action potential at the speed <3 m/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Electrical synapses are

A

extremely rare, have direct contact between cells (gap junctions) and are located in CNS and PNS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Chemical synapses are

A

involved in the release of neurotransmitters, most abundant and the cells are not directly coupled.

20
Q

Name the three types of muscles:

A

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

21
Q

Phasic smooth muscles are controlled by

A

the action potentials of the Uterine and the GI tract

22
Q

Tonic smooth muscles are controlled by

A

Electrical, chemical and mechanical signals

23
Q

How is the contraction of skeletal muscles controlled?

A

by motor units

24
Q

What activates the excitation of skeletal muscles?

A

the nerve endings of motor neurons

25
Q

Why is the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle cell highly folded?

A

it increases the surface area for increasing the number of acetylcholine receptors.

26
Q

How many times longer is the duration of the cardiac action potential than the skeletal muscle action potential

A

100 times

27
Q

What are cardiac muscles interconnected by? what does this allow?

A

Gap junctions. These allow the passage of action potentials from cell to cell. This ensures that the entire heart participates in contraction.

28
Q

Skeletal muscle contracts only when

A

it receives a nerve impulse

29
Q

SAN generates APs at a faster rate than other areas of the heart at ……. beats per minute

A

70-80

30
Q

How many beats per min do the AV node and the AV bundle produce?

A

40-60

31
Q

the purkinjie fibres and the bundle branches generate action potentials at what rae (beats per min)

A

20-40

32
Q

What happens when the SAN malfunctions?

A

The next highest frequency action potentials are used, usually the AVN

33
Q

what is meant by systole?

A

to contract

34
Q

what is meant by atrial systole?

A

Contraction of atrial myocardium

35
Q

What is meant by diastole?

A

to dilate

36
Q

What is meant by atrial diastole?

A

Relaxation of atrial myocardium

37
Q

What is the P wave?

A

the SAN generates the pacemaker potential which causes depolarization which propagates across the atria

38
Q

What is the QRS complex on an ECG?

A
  • Starts as AP pass from AVN to the ventricles
  • Completed when the ventricles are depolarised and start to contract
  • Atrial repolarisation is masked by QRS and atria relaxed
39
Q

What is another word for changes in heart rate?

A

Chronotropic changes

40
Q

Changes in the force of contraction are called

A

inotropic changes

41
Q

What are the factors which affect the stroke volume?

A

Preload, afterload, contractility

42
Q

Baroreceptors sense

A

pressure

43
Q

An increase in pressure causes a(n) ……….. in sympathetic activity

A

decrease

44
Q

A decrease in pressure causes a(n) …………. in sympathetic activity

A

increase

45
Q

an increase in volume causes a ………. in Anti Diuretic Hormone secretion which leads to…………

A

decrease, reduction of water retention

46
Q

An increase in volume will also result in an……………… in Atrial Natriuretic hormone secretion and an increase in……………

A

increase, urine production

Life 106 Physiology and Pharmacology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions