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Life 106 Physiology and Pharmacology > Lee Haynes > Flashcards

Lee Haynes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system?

A

Sensory, transmits, integrative, motor

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2
Q

The sensory function:

A

gathers information both from the outside world and from inside the body

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3
Q

the nervous system transmits….

A

the information to the processing area of the brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

the integrative function:

A

Processes the information to determine the best response

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5
Q

The motor function:

A

sends information to muscles, glands and organs (effectors) so they can respond correctly. Muscular contraction or glandular secretions.

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6
Q

Satellite cells

A

surround the neuron cell bodies in ganglia and regulate O2, CO2, nutrient and neurotransmitter levels around neurons in ganglia

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7
Q

Schwann cells

A

Surround axons in PNS, are responsible for myelinations of peripheral axons and participate in repair processes after injury

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8
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Myelinate CNS axons and provide structural framework

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9
Q

Astrocytes

A

maintain blood-brain barrier, provide structural support, regulate ion, nutrient and dissolved gas concentrations, absorb and recycle neurotransmitters and form scar tissue after injury

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10
Q

Microganglia

A

remove cell debris, wastes and pathogens by phagocytosis

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11
Q

Ependymal cells

A

line venticles (brain) and central canal (spinal cord) and assist in producing, circulating and monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid

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12
Q

In terms of neuronal circuits, what is divergence?

A

the spread of information from one neuron to several

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13
Q

In terms of neuronal circuits, what is convergence?

A

where information is spread from multiple sources to a single neuron

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14
Q

In terms of neuronal circuits, what is serial processing?

A

where neurons or pools work sequentially

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15
Q

In terms of neuronal circuits, what is parallel processing?

A

where neurons process information simultaneously

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16
Q

What acts as a minor coordinating centre (sometimes simple reflexes)?

A

the spinal cord

17
Q

what is the meninges?

A

where both the brain and the spinal cord are covered in three continuous sheets of connective tissue

18
Q

In the spinal cord, where is the grey and white matter situated?

A

inside and surface respectively

19
Q

In the brains of mammals, where is the white and grey matter situated?

A

inside and the surface respectively. This is the opposite to the spinal cord.

20
Q

What is the role of the cerebrum?

A

conscious thought, intellect, sensations, memory and complex movements.

21
Q

what is the role of the diencephalon

A

THALAMUS: relay and processing sensory information. HYPOTHALAMUS: emotions, autonomic functions and hormone production

22
Q

What is the role of the midbrain?

A

Maintenance of consciousness and visual and auditory data.

23
Q

what is the role of the PONS?

A

connects the cerebellum to the brain stem and subconscious visceral and somatic reflexes.

24
Q

What is the role of the medulla?

A

It connects the brain to the spinal cord and is the autonomic centre of visceral function

25
Q

What is the role of the cerebellum?

A

Coordinates and adjusts complex somatic motor activity.

26
Q

The brain receives nerve impulses from

A

the spinal cord

27
Q

The ventral root in the spinal cord carries

A

efferent (motor) information to the muscles and glands

28
Q

the grey matter of the spinal cord consists of

A

cell bodies of interneurons and some efferent neurons

29
Q

the dorsal root of the spinal cord carries

A

sensory (afferent) information to the CNS

30
Q

The white matter of the spinal cord consists of

A

axons carrying information through the spinal cord and to the brain

31
Q

The assembly of a motor neurone plus all of the muscle fibres innervated by it is called a

A

motor unit

32
Q

Somatic motor reflexes are:

A

the fastest reflexes, use myelinated axons, situated in one segment of the spinal cord or one nucleus of the brain, can be monosynaptic or polysynaptic,

33
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system (ANS) do?

A

regulates the organs (the ‘viscera’) of our body, such as the heart, stomach, intestines etc and it functions in an involuntary, reflexive manner.

34
Q

What is the ANS regulated by?

A

the hypothalamus and the medulla

35
Q

The somatic nervous system is

A

voluntary, conscious control is requires, one efferent neuron and the effector organs are skeletal muscles

36
Q

The autonomic nervous system is

A

involuntary, the effector organs are smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands, require two efferent neurons and ganglia and is under non-conscious control (hypothalamus, medulla)

37
Q

The adrenal medulla releases

A

adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine)

Life 106 Physiology and Pharmacology (6 decks)

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