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Life 106 Physiology and Pharmacology > Helen Wallace > Flashcards

Helen Wallace Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

A

gas exchange

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2
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

When temperature is constant, pressure (P) and
Volume (V) are inversely related.
P1V1=P2V2

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3
Q

When does the diaphragm relax?

A

during exhalation

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4
Q

When does the diaphragm contract?

A

during inhalation

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5
Q

What is Dalton’s Law?

A

The total pressure is equal to the sum of the
partial pressures.
(The partial pressure of a gas in a gas mixture is the Pressure that gas
would exert if it occupied the total volume of the mixture in the
absence of the other components. )

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6
Q

What is Henry’s Law

A

The concentration of a gas dissolved in a liquid is

proportional to its partial pressure.

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7
Q

What are the properties of alveoli that maximise gaseous exchange?

A

Large surface area (70m^2:300-600million alveoli), dense network of capillaries, thin alveolar-capillary membrane and the production of surfactant to reduce surface tension

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8
Q

What is Fick’s Law of diffusion?

A

the amount of gas diffusing in unit time through the resistance of a barrier is inversely proportional to the thickness of the barrier and directly proportional to the surface area of the barrier, the diffusion constant (D), and the partial pressure difference on each side.

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9
Q

What is Graham’s Law

A

the rate of diffusion is directly proportional to the solubility coefficient of the gas and inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight.

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10
Q

Which diffuses quicker? CO2 or O2?

A

CO2

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11
Q

97% of oxygen in the blood is carried by

A

Haemoglobin

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12
Q

3% of oxygen in the blood is dissolved in

A

plasma and other blood cells

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13
Q

Where does CO2 bind to?

A

the globin

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14
Q

where does the oxygen bind to

A

the haem

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15
Q

70% of CO2 in the blood is present as

A

bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)

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16
Q

What is the Hamburger shift?

A

also known as the chloride shift and it maintains electrical balance in red blood cell and plasma.

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17
Q

What is the Bohr Effect?

A

where hydrogen ions cause HbO2 to give up oxygen

18
Q

What is the Haldane effect?

A

where CO2 binds better to HbH than to HbO2

19
Q

The movement of air into and out of the lungs is called?

A

ventilation

20
Q

what is pulmonary ventilation

A

the volume of air that moves in or out of the lungs per minute (Volume of air taken in, in one breath x no of breaths per minute)

21
Q

What is anatomical dead space?

A

the space occupied by the conducting airways. Trachea, Bronchi and bronchioles and there is no gaseous exchange in the dead space.

22
Q

how much air is contained in the dead space?

A

approx. 150ml

23
Q

what is physiological dead space?

A

a decreased number of alveoli participating in gaseous exchange

24
Q

What is the equation for alveolar ventilation?

A

(tidal vol.- dead space) x breaths per min

25
Q

What is the most common pulmonary function test? what does it measure?

A

spirometry and measures the amount/volume, the speed/flow of air that can be exhaled and inhaled

26
Q

Tidal volume is

A

the amount of air in a single inspiration or expiration (500ml)

27
Q

The volume of air that remains in the lungs at the end of normal respiration is

A

Functional residual capacity(FRC) (2400ml)

28
Q

The volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration is called the

A

Vital capacity(VC) (4800ml)

29
Q

What is the residual volume?

A

The amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximal expiration (120ml)

30
Q

what is the max volume of air in the lungs after max inspiration (6000ml) called?

A

total lung capacity (TLC)

31
Q

what is the peak expiratory flow?

A

the peak flow rate during expiration

32
Q

What is the inspiratory reserve volume?

A

volume of air inspired forcefully after inspiration of the normal tidal volume

33
Q

What is the expiratory reserve volume?

A

the volume of air forcefully expired after expiration of the normal tidal volume

34
Q

what is the residual volume?

A

the volume of air still remaining in the respiratory passages and lungs after the most forceful expiration

35
Q

What is the inspiratory capacity?

A

Tidal volume plus the inspiratory reserve volume.

Max. amount of air inspired after norm. expiration.

36
Q

What is the functional residual capacity?

A

Expiratory reserve vol. Plus the residual volume.

Air left in lungs following normal expiration

37
Q

What is the vital capacity?

A

Max. volume out following a max inspiration:

Insp Res Vol + tidal vol + Exp Res vol

38
Q

what is total lung capacity?

A

Insp Res Vol + tidal vol + Exp Res vol + residual vol

39
Q

What generates a basic rhythm of breathing?

A

Dorsal respiratory group (inspiratory area)

40
Q

What is the meaning of Ventral respiratory group (expiratory area)?

A

Forced breathing

Life 106 Physiology and Pharmacology (6 decks)

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