Terrorist Exam 2.4

Question 1

Current Middle East

Answer 1

Israel, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, Syria, Iraq, and Arabian Peninsula

Question 2

Which 3 great monotheistic religions were birthed in Middle East?

Answer 2

Judaism, Christianity, Islam

Question 3

What is the current structure of Middle Eastern geography and political rule a direct result of?

Answer 3

19th Century European imperial influence and the outcomes of World War I

Question 4

When did European powers draw new national boundaries in Middle East?

Answer 4

End of WWI

Question 5

What resources are the Middle East rich in?

Answer 5

Oil and natural gas

Question 6

What important resource is scarce in Middle East?

Answer 6

Water

Question 7

What are 3 sources of violence in the Middle East?

Answer 7

• Indecision about the political control of Israel and Palestine
• Indecision about who would rule the Arab world
• Indecision concerning relations between the 2 branches of Islam: Sunnis and Shi’ites

Question 8

Most Middle Eastern terrorist groups are anti-______?

Answer 8

Anti-Imperialist

Question 9

What is Middle Eastern terrorism united by?

Answer 9

Kinship bonds

• Familial links are often more important than national identification

Question 10

How is all Middle Eastern violence locked in symbiosis?

Answer 10

All the various sides are interdependent

Question 11

Explain the birth of Israel, the Haganah, and terrorism

Answer 11

• Jewish settlers bought land in Palestine
• Jewish settlers established governing councils for their farmland and refused to sell the land back to Arabs
• Sporadic violence against Jews took place, causing the Jews to form the Haganah
• Haganah saw terrorist violence as the only means to create a Jewish state in Palestine

Question 12

Explain the Irgun establishment from the Haganah

Answer 12

• The prototype of the anticolonial urban terrorist group (Bruce Hoffman)
• Members of Haganah wanted to take action against the British and Arabs, so they created the Irgun
• Studied tactics of the IRA
• Applied selective terrorism
• Assassinated British soldiers
• Launched a bombing campaign
• Kidnapped and hanged 2 British sergeants

Question 13

Are Iranians also Arabs?

Answer 13

No, they are Persians

• They have strong ethno-national ties to ancient Persian Empire
• Even after being conquered by other nations, Iran remained “uniquely Persian”

Question 14

What had a major impact on the way the British used Iran?

Answer 14

Oil production

• Anglo-Persian Oil Company formed in 1909, and British took oil profits from Iran

Question 15

Is Shi’ite one of the four religious sects that are acceptable in Iran?

Answer 15

No, it is a fifth sect

Question 16

Are Sunni Muslims and Shi’ite muslims the same?

Answer 16

No, they are significantly different

Question 17

How the Middle East a cultural concept?

Answer 17

It can refer to a geographical area, but the boundaries are not distinct

Question 18

Within what context did Modern Iran form?

Answer 18

The context of European imperialism

Question 19

When did Iran deny support for the United States?

Answer 19

After the 1979 Iranian Revolution

Question 20

What are the 2 main branches of Islam?

Answer 20

Shi’ites and Sunnis