Terrorism Exam 1.2 Flashcards
How is Terrorist behavior different to Criminal behavior?
Terrorists:
- Focus actions toward a goal
- Dedicated to a cause
- Rarely cooperate with officials so not to betray cause
- Tend to attack
- Strike against targets after careful planning
- Prepare for and rehearse operations
Criminals:
- Unfocused
- Not devoted to crime as a philosophy
- Will make deals to avoid punishment
- Usually run when confronted with force
- Strike when opportunity is presented
- Rarely train for crime
What is radicalization?
Psychological process of adopting extremist positions
Who is John Horgan?
Concerned with:
- Psychological processes leading people to terrorist groups
- Issues that keep people in a terrorist group
- Support for those that want to leave
What are Routes to Terrorism?
Psychological and social factors that motivate people to join and remain in terrorist groups
What is Sageman’s Model of Radicalization?
6-step Framework:
- Alienated young man (often white)
- Meets and bonds with other alienated young men
- Groups gravitate toward religion
- Religion is interpreted in militant terms
- Militant group meets terrorist contact
- Militants join terrorists as a group decision
What are some commonalities in radicalization?
- Well-off, middle-class environments
- Became deeply angered and filled with moral indignation
- Some kind of event that triggered final decision to take action
Is radicalization always a group process?
No, individual psychological and sociological factors have shown to create the framework for interpreting reality
What type of institution is reported to involve the most radicalization?
Prison
How are inmates radicalized and recruited in prisons?
A leader often targets selected prisoner(s) or dominates new inmates using intimidation to force them until they join the group
Similar to recruitment in street gangs
According to Mark Hamm, what are the different kinds of people in prisons that usually get radicalized?
- Crisis Convert
- Protection-Seeking Convert
- Searching Converts
- Manipulating Converts
- Free-World Converters
What is a Crisis Convert?
Joins a radical group as a result of personal crisis
What is a Protection-Seeking Convert?
Seeks a group out of fear
What is a Searching Convert?
Have been exposed to religion, but seek deeper meaning while in prison
What is a Manipulating Convert?
Are controlled by strong member inside a group
What is a Free-World Converter?
Result from chaplains outside of the system who spread literature and preach radicalization
