terrorism and globalization Flashcards

1
Q

definition terrorism

A

use of violence by sub-state groups to inspire fear, by attacking civilians and/or symbolic targets, for purposes such as drawing widespread attention to a grievance, provoking a severe response, or wearing down their opponent’s resolve, in order to effect political change

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2
Q

original use ‘‘terrorism’’

A

to describe state violence against citizens during the French Revolution

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3
Q

causes emergence of transnational terrorism

A

1968

  • expansion of commercial air travel (-> skyjacking)
  • availability of televised news coverage
  • broad political and ideological interests among extremists that intersected around a common cause (marxist-leninist or e.g. islamic terrorism)
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4
Q

decade of terrorism emerging trends

A

1980s - 1990s

  • fewer attacks that were more deadly and indiscriminate
  • increasing sophistication of attacks
  • greater willingness to perform suicide attacks
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5
Q

cultural explanations terrorism

A

globalization -> western secular, materialist values and culture overwhelm the identity or values of groups who see themselves as the losers in the new international system -> cultural friction and conflict

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6
Q

economic explanations terrorism

A

economic effects globalization are only fortunate for some parts of the world : policies of deregulation and privatization

+ increased individual expectations and disappointment

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7
Q

secular terrorism

A

use of violence for political purposes, to change state ideology or the representation of minority groups

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8
Q

postmodern terrorism / new terrorism

A

motivated by premises of rewards in afterlife, some terrorists are driven by religious reasons to kill as many non-believers and unfaithful as possible
- secular states can’t threaten materially what terrorists value spiritually -> hard to fight

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9
Q

suicide attacks

A

offer the promise of
- private goods : spiritual reward
- public goods: positive contributions to the community over a lifetime

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10
Q

effect of globalization and technology to terrorism

A
  • proselytizing (bekeren) made easier
  • coordination between terrorist cells
  • security while communicating
  • mobility
  • lethality: more lethal weapons through study + inspiration Hollywood films

! the same technology that makes terrorism easier also enables more effective means for states to combat terrorism

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11
Q

approaches for combating terrorism

A

War on terror
- terrorism = intractable problem in which there is no room for negotiation
- pooling resources together (Global Counter-Terrorism Network (GCTN))
criticism: use of drones ‘extrajudicial’ or ‘targeted killing’

law enforcement approach
- military actions can lead to terrorist reprisals or return to traditional understanding of terrorism
- terrorism is a police problem + best dealt with inside state borders and by international legal cooperation to arrest terrorists and to arrest them
criticism: thin line between enough measures against terrorist groups and ‘political justice’

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