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Geography 162 > Territorial North > Flashcards

Territorial North Flashcards

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1
Q

what does the territorial north consist of

A

Nunavut, Northwest Territories and Yukon

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2
Q

Terr. North is the _______ area in canada but the ________

A

largest but least populated

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3
Q

Demographic features shaped by which three factors

A
  • small population
  • Indigenous Population
  • Out- Migration
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4
Q

Challenges of a resource-based economy

A
  • reliance on global markets (vulnerable to boom and bust cycles)
  • instability due to finite nature of non-renewable resources
  • megaprojects are key but provide few jobs and disturb the environment
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5
Q

what are the two visions of territorial north

A

northern frontier = resources for exploitation

homeland= place for idigenous to flourish

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6
Q

what are challenges facing the territorial north now that they are a regional government

A
  • generate sufficient economic growth

- overcome mismatch betwen education/job experience of idigenous peoples and employment need of companies.

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7
Q

what are the four physigraphic regions

A

canadian shield
interior plains
cordillera
and arctic lowlands

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8
Q

what are the two climatic zones

A

arctic : long winters brief summers high latitude low levels of solar energy

subarctic : longer summer lasts at least a month

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9
Q

why is the territorial north more succeptible to global warming

A

the albedo effect

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10
Q

what was the first commercial venture

A

whaling started in 16 century

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11
Q

ships going out further to find better whaling grounds led to

A

wintering over

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12
Q

why did inuit work shore stations

A

they worked for the exchange of useful goods

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13
Q

positive aspects of trade relationship for inuit

A

access to useful goods, including knives, needles and rifles

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14
Q

negative impacts of trade relationships for inuit

A

rise in alchoholism, spread of euro diseases, sudden end of commercial whaling ended access to essential trade goods

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15
Q

Inuit became heavily involved with

A

the HBC and furtrade (white fox pelts for goods)

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16
Q

what two groups began to force assimilation on the inuit

A

the anglican and catholic missionaries (1860s) and the North West Mounted Police (1890s)
leaving the youth inadequately prepared for northern life

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17
Q

relocation to settlements in 1960’s

A

seen as modernization, as a way to avoid hardships and offer services.

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18
Q

advantages of relocation

A

food security, access to medical services and public education

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19
Q

disadvantages of relocation

A

conversion of hunt trapping unit from family based to male one; inability to follow seasonal cycle of wildlife movements

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20
Q

what we the consequences of settlement life

A

overcrowding and underemployment due to lack of housing and jobs
deep rooted social dysfunction caused by:
cultural dislocation and devaluation from residential schools
lack of solid economic base means a dependency on government

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21
Q

what were the benefits of settlement life

A

population boom from access to store food and medical services
emergence of more educated popula.

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22
Q

Forgotten frontier

A

1867- 1939

little value for agricultural settlement/ resource development. Ottawa busy with more populated areas

23
Q

strategic frontier

A

during and post wwII
Military investments and activities (highways, landing fields etc..)
Buffer zone between north america and soviet union during cold war

24
Q

why is sovereignty taking on a fresh urgency

A

climate change and circumpolar nations

25
Q

what did steven harper say about arctic sovereignty in 2007 and why

A

“the first principle of arctic sovereignty is use it or lose it”

to establish a state of urgency, as russia and other circumpolar countries staking claims to arctic seabed as well as shipping nations that want the northwest passage to become international waters

26
Q

UN convention on Law of the Sea 2003

A

every country has right to 12 naut. miles off of their coasts

27
Q

what is the greatest threat to canada arctic sovereignty

A

Ships sailing through passage without canadian permission

28
Q

what did Canada try to claim in 2013

A

the north pole

29
Q

what is at stake with the unsettled sovereignty of the arctic

A
  • Vast quantities of petro deposits
  • access to commercial arctic ocean due to global warming (bad for planet good for business)
  • Canada’s internat. position within Arctic Council and circumpolar world
30
Q

Territorial North remains a ________far from_________

A

resource frontier

Canadian ecumene

31
Q

settlement looks like what in the territ. north

A

Small and scattered (isolated) rather than small rural towns

32
Q

Urban centres fall into which two categories

A

indigenous settlements and regional service centres

33
Q

why did/does the north see a rise in population

A

there’s been a rise of 16% due to natural increase, small amount of migration due to expansion and low death rate

34
Q

what % of population is aboriginal

A

52% although it’s scattered with Nunavut in lead

35
Q

employment in tertiary sectot is so great because

A

The economy/social establishment of north is much newer than other provinces, the geography is also so great that it takes many people in the services to accomplish public services compared to other provinces

36
Q

what are the two significant work sectors of the north

A

primary and tertiary

37
Q

what % of Nunavut’s revenue is from Ottawa

A

90%

38
Q

who controls natural resources

A

federal government

39
Q

Unlike first nations the inuit established public form of government meaning

A

both Indigenous and non-Indigenous residents

have equal political rights

40
Q

Nunavut

A

Newest territory, established in 1999; emerged out of land
settlement agreement (1993) between Canada and Inuit of
eastern Arctic

41
Q

Cultural importance of trapping, hunting, and landbased activities

A

o Country food remains key element of Indigenous culture

o Less trapping due to low fur prices and lobbying by animal
rights groups

42
Q

An early spearhead revolved around

A

art

o Inuit soapstone carvings to prints, textile arts, etc

43
Q

aborginal tribes give up full claim to land why

A

to obtain small ownership, use of crown lands and cash settlement which they used to support local business

44
Q

Global trade markets allow for

A

selling of fish to China

45
Q

when did the largest cruise ship pass north west passage

A

2016

46
Q

Diedenbaker 1950’s-60’s

A

gave the right to vote to aboriginals, brought in social awareness of the north what a guy

47
Q

resource development: Transportation routes for mine sites mainly needed to

A

deliver equipment/supplies rather than for export because of harsh geography

48
Q

Air commuting

A

flying into project zones for period of time required than developing project towns

49
Q

disadvantages of air commuting

A

southern workers spend wages and pay taxes into the southern economy rather than territorial economy

50
Q

advantages for air commuting

A

aboriginal communities really benefit from the accessibility of these project jobs as well as the scheduling which allows them to maintain their cultural routines

51
Q

Megaprojects have integrated the north’s resource hinterland into

A

into the global economy

52
Q

Mining includes

A

diamonds, lead, zinc, copper and iron ore

53
Q

Mega projects have become the key economic engine of the north but what are their disadvantages

A
  • provide little benefit to local (esp. indigenous) communities
  • perpetuate boom and bust cycles
  • limit diversification of northern economy = strictly non-renewable resources
54
Q

MACKENZIE PIPELINE (2000)

NORMAN WELLS OIL (20’S-2016)

NWT DIAMONDS PROJECT

MARY RIVER IRON ORE MINE PROJECT

A

1) Failed, didn’t pass commercial test was meant to get natural oil from mackenzie river to US
2) Indige. argued against its potential harming of enviro and social
3) three diamond mines project now canada is 3rd largest producers of diamonds
4) in baffin islands, nunavut

Geography 162 (11 decks)

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