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Description > Terrain and Landscape > Flashcards

Terrain and Landscape Flashcards

0
Q

particular extensive locale of land

A

area, region, tract, expanse

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1
Q

aspect or conformation of land

A

landscape

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2
Q

plant growth or life

A

vegetation, foliage

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3
Q

visibly green plant life or trees

A

greenery, verdure

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4
Q

grassy (or nonwoody) vegetation

A

herbage

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5
Q

greenery as cover or food for deer

A

vert

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6
Q

region abounding in trees

A

forest, woods, woodland, forestland

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7
Q

extensive tropical wet woodland with tall trees that form a light blocking canopy

A

rain forest

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8
Q

extensive area of barren and arid land

A

desert

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9
Q

extensive area of treeless grassland (with tall grasses)

A

prairie (South America: pampa)

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10
Q

extensive area of treeless grassland (with short grasses) and less rainfall than a prairie

A

steppe

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11
Q

steppe with scattered trees and shrubs (especially in Africa)

A

veld, veldt

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12
Q

extensive grazing grassland with scattered trees and shrubs

A

savanna, savannah, campo

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13
Q

extensive treeless plain in the southeastern US

A

savana, savannah

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14
Q

extensive plain with few trees in the southwestern US

A

llano

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15
Q

extensive northern (subarctic) evergreen forest that is moist

A

taiga, boreal forest

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16
Q

extensive northern (arctic and subarctic) treeless plain with mucky soil

A

tundra

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17
Q

tundra treeless because of elevation (rather than latitude)

A

alpine tundra

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18
Q

alpine forest having stunted trees

A

krummholz, elfinwood

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19
Q

level area of terrain

A

flatland, flats

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20
Q

extensive area of flat open terrain

A

plain, champaign, campagna

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21
Q

grass-covered tract of level land

A

meadow

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22
Q

green tract of grassland

A

sward, greenward, turf

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23
Q

grassland tract for gazing or hay

A

pasture, lea

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24
Q

tract of open and rolling land with poor soil

A

moor, heath, moorland

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25
Q

high moor or barren field

A

fell

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26
Q

barren land

A

waste, wasteland, barren

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27
Q

tract of sandy ground where topsoil has been blown away by the wind

A

sandblow

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28
Q

extensive area of uncultivated and little-populated terrain

A

wilderness, the bush, backcountry, wilds (Australia: outback)

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29
Q

land covered by grass

A

grassland

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30
Q

grassland for grazing

A

pasture, pastureland, pasturage

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31
Q

municipal track of public and usually park-like land

A

common

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32
Q

tract of grass-covered ground cultivated or mowed

A

lawn

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33
Q

long strip of terrain

A

swath, swathe

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34
Q

yard or field used as a household kitchen garden or for a few farm animals

A

croft (British)

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35
Q

low terrain

A

bottom, bottomland

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36
Q

high terrain

A

heights

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37
Q

geological fracture in the earth’s crust

A

fault, rift

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38
Q

opening or recession in terrain

A

hole, cavity, depression, hollow, basin, pan

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39
Q

open longitudinal depression

A

trench, ditch

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40
Q

small and nestled (usually wooded) valley

A

dell, glen, dingle

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41
Q

deep and narrow valley

A

hollow, combe, coomb, coombe

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42
Q

deep and steep-sided valley (often with a river)

A

canyon, canon

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43
Q

small and narrow steep-sided valley (often with a stream)

A

gorge, ravine, flume, gulch, clough (South Africa: kloof)

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44
Q

divide between valleys or side of a valley

A

coteau

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45
Q

small ravine sometimes having rainwater flowing in it

A

gully, clough, draw, coulee nullah, wash, wadi (South Africa: donga)

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46
Q

flat-bottomed gulch or gully sometimes having rainwater flowing in it

A

arroyo

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47
Q

long hollow or depression

A

trough

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48
Q

deep drop or hollow

A

gulf, abyss, chasm

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49
Q

chasm formed by receding ice

A

randkluft

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50
Q

valley

A

vale, dale

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51
Q

drainage depression or hollow

A

sinkhole, sink, swallow, swallowhole, dolina, doline

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52
Q

limestone sinkhole with a pool or deep natural well

A

cenote

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53
Q

flat-floored and steep-walled depression with no outflowing stream

A

polje

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54
Q

extensive or deep mucky or mossy basin

A

mudhole, muskeg

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55
Q

ground that slants upward or downward

A

slope, incline, grade

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56
Q

upward slope

A

acclivity, rise

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57
Q

downward slope

A

declivity

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58
Q

gentle slope

A

glacis

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59
Q

precipitous slope

A

steep

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60
Q

describing a tree or forest with foliage that falls off annually

A

deciduous

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61
Q

describing a tree or forest with foliage that stays and remains green throughout the year

A

evergreen

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62
Q

area of dense trees

A

wood, woods, forest

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63
Q

small group or grouping of trees (usually without undergrowth)

A

grove

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64
Q

cluster of shrubs or small trees

A

shrubbery, thicket

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65
Q

patch of thick or twisted growth

A

tangle

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66
Q

grove or thicket of small trees

A

copse, coppice, arbustum (British: spinney)

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67
Q

shrubs and other low vegetation in a forest

A

underbrush, brush, undergrowth

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68
Q

leafy tree-enclosed nook or recess

A

arbor, bower

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69
Q

dense thicket of shrubs or dwarf trees

A

chaparral

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70
Q

group of planted fruit or nut trees

A

orchard

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71
Q

growth or array of one type of tree (or plant) in an area

A

stand

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72
Q

tract of shrubby and uncultivated open land

A

heath

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73
Q

area of low trees and bushes

A

scrub

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74
Q

thicket where game hide

A

covert

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75
Q

thicket of cane

A

canebrake

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76
Q

narrow-tree or branch-covered pathway

A

tunnel

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77
Q

tree-bordered or hedged and park-like walk alley planned or mall-like alley whose trees are at least twice as high as the route width

A

allee

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78
Q

moist land

A

wetland, wetlands

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79
Q

tract of low and wet or spongy ground

A

marsh, bog, fen, swamp, wash, slough, marshland

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80
Q

swampy grassland with branching waterway

A

everglade

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81
Q

low land subject to flood tides

A

tideland, tidelands

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82
Q

flat and usually muddy tideland

A

tidal flat

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83
Q

flat land having brackish water

A

salt marsh

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84
Q

area under water that is shallow

A

shallows

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85
Q

rough or marshy tract of land with one kind of vegetation (shrubs or ferns)

A

brake, bracken

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86
Q

sunken and wet tract of land

A

swale

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87
Q

moist low-lying land (usually pineland)

A

flatwoods

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88
Q

clump of grass

A

tussock

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89
Q

country having few or no trees

A

open country

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90
Q

country that is level and low in altitude

A

lowland, lowlands

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91
Q

country that is elevated or mountainous

A

highland, highlands, upland, uplands

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92
Q

high point

A

elevation, eminence

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93
Q

top of a hill

A

hilltop, rise

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94
Q

projection at the top of a hill

A

brow

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95
Q

small and rounded hill

A

knoll, hillock, hummock, monicule, monticle, mound (England: barrow)

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96
Q

hill with a broad top

A

loma

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97
Q

lower hills beneath mountains

A

foothills

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98
Q

narrow or oval hill

A

drumlin

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99
Q

rounded elevation

A

swell

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100
Q

rounded solitary hill usually with steep sides

A

knob

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101
Q

mound in permafrost terrain

A

pingo

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102
Q

African veld’s small and scrubby hill

A

kopje, koppie

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103
Q

open upland of rolling hills or open country

A

wold

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104
Q

rolling grassy upland with few trees

A

down, downs

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105
Q

one of successive indentations (from slumping soil) on a hillside

A

catstep, terracette

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106
Q

high and craggy hill or rocky peak

A

tor

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107
Q

colossal single rock or rock formation

A

monolith

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108
Q

oddly or fantastically shaped (eroded) rock column

A

hoodoo

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109
Q

single rock or boulder carried to where it is by a glacier

A

erratic

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110
Q

rounded or hump-like natural formation

A

dome

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111
Q

notably arched or bridge-like formation

A

natural bridge, arch

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112
Q

prominent isolated or bare rock

A

scar

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113
Q

smooth and slippery rock

A

slickrock

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114
Q

tree deformed by wind

A

wind cripple

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115
Q

parapet-like natural formation atop a wall

A

battlement

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116
Q

projecting or support like natural formation

A

buttress

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117
Q

extensive flat topped land elevation that rises steeply on at last once side

A

plateau, tableland

118
Q

small and isolated plateau

A

mesa

119
Q

small mesa

A

mesilla

120
Q

isolated steep hill or small mountain (flat, rounded, cone-like, or pointed)

A

butte

121
Q

solitary and fragmentary mountain

A

inselberg

122
Q

series of mountains

A

range, chain

123
Q

system of mountain chains (sometimes parallel)

A

cordillera

124
Q

chain of mountains with sawtooth-like peaks

A

sierra

125
Q

chain of hills or mountains

A

ridge, chine

126
Q

ridge dividing drainage direction and regions

A

watershed, divide

127
Q

area at the foot of a mountain range

A

piedmont

128
Q

slope of a mountain

A

mountainside, versant (of a mountain chain or region)

129
Q

slope of a hill

A

hillside

130
Q

right or left of a formation or mountain

A

flank

131
Q

top of a mountain

A

peak, summit, pike

132
Q

exposed rock surface

A

fce

133
Q

pyramindal peak usually with concave faces (where three or more aretes meet)

A

horn

134
Q

elevation overlooking other terrain

A

heights

135
Q

elevated place

A

aerie, eyrie

136
Q

high and rugged mountain

A

alp

137
Q

mountain range sections or mass

A

massif

138
Q

projection laterally or on an angle from a mountain

A

spur

139
Q

mountain or hill protuberance

A

buttress

140
Q

area near the top or to the side of a mountain

A

shoulder

141
Q

rugged and sharp-crested mountain ridge

A

arete, hogback

142
Q

short mound or ridge

A

kame

143
Q

winding ridge that is gravelly or sandy

A

esker

144
Q

diff formation or line of cliffs

A

scarp, escarpment, palisade, palisades

145
Q

jagged glacial ridge or pinnacle (as in an ice fall)

A

serac

146
Q

precipitous place

A

steep, precipice

147
Q

very steep descent or wall

A

niche

148
Q

projection of rock

A

outcrop, outcropping

149
Q

weathered quarry face

A

rock face

150
Q

steep and bare rocky outcrop or cliff

A

scar

151
Q

flat layer of rock

A

shelf

152
Q

narrow level space along or projecting from a cliff or slope

A

ledge, shelf

153
Q

cliff or wall projection viewed from below

A

overhang

154
Q

pointed rock formation

A

pinnacle

155
Q

long narrow opening

A

fissure, cleft, rift

156
Q

deep cleft through a mountain ridge

A

gap, notch

157
Q

channel or scoop-like depression between mountains

A

pass, col, saddle

158
Q

narrow pass between hills or cliffs

A

defile, gorge

159
Q

mountainside gorge or gully

A

couloir

160
Q

cleft that is steep and narrow in a cliff or mountain face

A

chimney

161
Q

bowl-like mountain basin with steep walls

A

cirque, cum, come, corry

162
Q

steep wall of a cirque

A

headwall

163
Q

roughly circular or oval flat area enclosed at one end by a curve of higher ground

A

amphitheater

164
Q

glacial fissure or crevice that is deep

A

crevasse, bergschrund

165
Q

series of crevasses

A

bergschrund

166
Q

granular or ice-like mountain (glacial) snow

A

neve, firn

167
Q

ledge-like plain above a river or body of water

A

terrace

168
Q

rocky detritus (debris) on a mountain slope

A

scree

169
Q

rocky detritus beneath a cliff

A

talus

170
Q

slope formed of rocky detritus

A

talus

171
Q

glacial deposit of boulders and stones

A

moraine

172
Q

wall-like ridge rocks, ice, debris, etc.

A

rampart

173
Q

sloping area of jumbled glacial ice blocks

A

icefall

174
Q

mountain (with a crater) formed by ejected material

A

volcano

175
Q

wide volcano crater (formed by eruptions or rim collapse)

A

caldera

176
Q

volcanic vapor hole

A

fumarole

177
Q

spring that at times throws up jets of hot water or steam

A

geyser

178
Q

extinct volcano crater often containing a lake or marsh

A

maar

179
Q

vast moving or spreading mass of ice

A

glacier

180
Q

vertical shaft (worn by falling surface water through a crack) in a glacier

A

moulin

181
Q

mantle of perennial ice and snow

A

ice cap, ice sheet

182
Q

sheet of floating ice

A

floe

183
Q

large floe

A

ice field

184
Q

mountain like mass of floating ice

A

iceberg

185
Q

massed array of ice formations at sea

A

ice pack

186
Q

mass of ice fragments

A

brash

187
Q

fragment of thin ice near shore

A

pan

188
Q

submarine (undersea) mountain

A

seamount

189
Q

flat-topped seamount

A

guyot

190
Q

underground or rock-walled chamber

A

cave, cavern, grotto

191
Q

icicle-like formation having in a cave

A

stalactite, dripstone

192
Q

icicle-like formation on the floor of a cave

A

stalagmite, dripstone

193
Q

country route or path

A

trail, lane, track

194
Q

zigzagging path or road

A

switchback

195
Q

raised path or road across water or a marsh

A

causeway

196
Q

land arm almost completely surrounded by water

A

peninsula, chersonese

197
Q

land formation jutting into the sea or other large body of water

A

cape

198
Q

tongue (of land)

A

neck

199
Q

land tip or projection

A

point

200
Q

crescent-shaped arm of land

A

horn

201
Q

elevated land area jutting over the sea or other large body of water

A

headland, promontory, ness, naze

202
Q

neck or strip (sometimes prehistoric or submerged) between two relatively large landmasses

A

land bridge

203
Q

land along the sea temporarily covered by tides or saturated during floods

A

tideland

204
Q

level area sometimes covered by water

A

tidal flat, mud flat

205
Q

land along a river subject to flooding

A

floodplain

206
Q

bordering terrain along a river

A

riverbank

207
Q

flat area encrusted with salt

A

salt flat

208
Q

narrow projection of sandy or gravel terrain

A

spit

209
Q

river’s mouth (debouchment’s) often fan-shaped sedimentary plain

A

delta, alluvial plain

210
Q

river (alluvial) land between a levee and its lower-water stage

A

batture

211
Q

sandbar connecting two islands or an island and its mainland

A

tombolo

212
Q

small jutting of sand or gravel at water’s edge

A

spit, sandpit, reach

213
Q

flat place suitable for landing goods from a boat

A

landing

214
Q

channel or passage that runs beneath cliffs from the shore inland

A

gat

215
Q

sea’s juncture with a river’s mouth

A

estuary

216
Q

sea inlet or arm

A

estuary, firth, frith

217
Q

shallow arm of the sea or of a river

A

wash

218
Q

connecting passage between two large bodies of water

A

strait, fretum

219
Q

wide strait or navigable connecting waterway

A

channel

220
Q

shoreline indentation

A

inlet

221
Q

shoreline indentation that is sheltered

A

cove, creek, hole, basin

222
Q

pool of water left after the tide recedes

A

tidal pool, tide pool

223
Q

pool of water between two beaches

A

beach pool

224
Q

shallow pond near a body of water

A

lagoon

225
Q

long lagoon near the sea

A

haff

226
Q

sea inlet that is extensive

A

gulf

227
Q

sea inlet smaller than a gulf

A

bay, embayment

228
Q

sea inlet or creek shallower inland

A

ria

229
Q

bay at a coastal bend

A

bight

230
Q

sea inlet that is long or separates an island from a mainland

A

sound

231
Q

sea inlet that is narrow and has steep slopes or cliffs

A

fjord, fiord

232
Q

shallow area of water

A

shallows

233
Q

land body surrounded by water

A

island, isle

234
Q

large group or chain of islands (or their ocean area)

A

archipelago

235
Q

small island

A

islet, ait, eyot

236
Q

low coral island or visible reef

A

cay, key

237
Q

ring-like coral island or reef surrounding a lagoon

A

atoll

238
Q

land border along water

A

coast, coastline, shore, shoreline, seaboard, littoral

239
Q

sandy margin along water

A

beach, strand, playa, lido

240
Q

pebbled or stony beach

A

shingle

241
Q

swampy coastline

A

maremma

242
Q

mound of accrued or windblown sand

A

dune

243
Q

crescent-like dune that shifts

A

barchan, barchane, barkhan

244
Q

shallow place in a sea or river

A

shoal

245
Q

submerged (or partly so) bank of sand or gravel obstructive to navigation

A

bar, sandbar, sandback, shoal, reef

246
Q

coral ridge-like growth usually near the surface in warm seas

A

reef

247
Q

sea rock opening through which water intermittently spouts

A

blowhole, gloup

248
Q

any flowing line of fresh water

A

watercourse, course, channel, waterway, stream (archiac: freshet)

249
Q

junction of two rivers

A

watersmeet

250
Q

inland-flowing course of fresh water smaller than a river

A

stream, brook, creek

251
Q

small stream

A

streamlet, brooklet, rivulet, rill, runnel, burn

252
Q

winding stream

A

meander, serpentile

253
Q

winding stream dividing around a neck of land

A

oxbow

254
Q

river or stream feeding a larger river

A

tributary, feeder

255
Q

open stretch of river

A

reach

256
Q

river’s upper tributaries

A

headwaters

257
Q

onrushing or raging stream

A

torrent

258
Q

turbulent and rock-obstructed part of a river

A

rapid, rapids

259
Q

steep rapids

A

cataract

260
Q

abrupt or steep river descent

A

chute

261
Q

narrow channel or strait with swift and dangerous waters

A

euripus

262
Q

dangerously cross-currented or turbulent patch of water

A

rip

263
Q

river or stream channel in a mountain ridge gap

A

water gap

264
Q

trough for water

A

run

265
Q

shallow area of water that can be waded across

A

ford

266
Q

inland body of (usually) fresh water

A

lake, loch, mere

267
Q

small lake or standing body of water

A

pond, lakelet, pondlet, pool, water hole

268
Q

artificial lake

A

reservoir

269
Q

small mountain lake with steep banks

A

tarn

270
Q

artificial pond subject to the tides or a river or stream

A

tidal basin

271
Q

stagnant pool

A

stagnum

272
Q

ocean, sea

A

the deep, the briny deep, blue water

273
Q

water moving in an inward (centripetal) circle

A

whirlpool, maelstrom, gurge, vortex

274
Q

small whirlpool

A

eddy

275
Q

waterfall

A

cataract, cascade

276
Q

damn in a stream

A

weir

277
Q

embankment to prevent river flooding

A

levee

278
Q

beach or harbour protective structure offshore

A

breakwater, mole

279
Q

pertaining to or like land

A

terrestrial

280
Q

pertaining to or like the ocean

A

oceanic, marine, pelagic, thalassic

281
Q

pertaining to the ocean depths or bottom

A

benthic, benthonic

282
Q

pertaining to or like a river

A

riverine, fluvial, amnic

283
Q

pertaining to or like a riverbank

A

riverain

284
Q

pertaining to or like a shore

A

littoral, riparian

285
Q

pertaining to or like swamp

A

swampy, marshy, quaggy, boggy, paludal

286
Q

pertaining to or like a plain field

A

campestral

287
Q

pertaining to or like a mountain

A

montane

288
Q

pertaining to or like an island

A

insular

289
Q

pertaining to a shore region moist but always above water

A

supra littoral

290
Q

pertaining to a shore region between the high water and low water line

A

littoral

291
Q

pertaining to an ocean zone from the low-water line to the edge of teh continental shelf

A

sublittoral, neritic

292
Q

pertaining to an ocean zone from the continental shelf to a depth of some 13,000 feet (4,000 meters)

A

bathyal, bathypelagic

293
Q

pertaining to an ocean zone deeper than 20,000 feet (6,500 metres)

A

hadal

Description (29 decks)

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