Buildings and Dwellings Flashcards
structure in which to live
dwelling, home, house, habitation, abode, residence, domicile, homestead, living quarters, lodgings, shelter, dwelling house, billet, accommodations
relatively large structure
edifice, building, construction, erection, construct, fabric
structure in which people work
office building, commercial building, workplace, shop, factory, store, plant, place of business
structure with individual living units
apartment hose, tenement, residential building, high-rise, cooperative apartment house, co-op building, co-op, condominium, multiple-unit dwelling
structure where lodging and usually meals are provided
boardinghouse, guest house, pension, rooming house
overnight lodging place
hotel, motel, inn, hostelry, caravansary, lodge, bed-and-breakfast
cheap lodging place
hostel, flophouse, dosshouse, fleabag, cold-water flat
large private dwelling (usually on spacious property)
mansion, estate, chateau, country house, palace, manor, manor house, family house, ancestral home, homestead, hacienda
impressive public or private dwelling
palace, palazzo
farmhouse
grange
additional or minor building
outbuilding, outhouse
large or impressive building or buildings
pile
tall building
skyscraper
pyramidal towerlike structure with winding terraces (originally a Sumerian temple)
ziggurat
luxurious country estate or retreat
villa (Russia: dacha)
group of interrelated buildings
complex, installation, facility, base
home of prebuilt sections or units
prefab, modular home, modular
tunnel-shaped prefabricated shelter of corrugated metal (and concrete floor)
Nissen hut, Quonset hut
small rural or resort-area house
cottage, cabin
simple one-story house built of lgos
log cabin
house whose rooms lie in a line front to back
shotgun house
poor or shabby dwelling
hut, shack, hovel, shanty, shed, hutch, cottage, cabin
cabin with an open breezeway
dogtrot house
primitive (Eskimo) domelike dwelling usually makde of blocks of snow
igloo
primitive circulr (Mongul) tentlike hut of hides with a conical top
yurt
primitive (Native American) conical animal skin tent
tepee
primitive (Native American) matted oval or rounded hut of bark or hides
wigwam
primitive (Native American) tepeelike hut of brushwood or mats
wickiup
primitive (Native American) mud-covered log building of various shapes
hogan
communal terraced adobe (Native American) dwelling
pueblo
primitive (Native American) bark-and-wood communal dwelling of great length
longhouse
house with widely overhanging roof as well as decoratively carved supports and balconies
chalet
house having a timber framework
frame house
small cottage or house of one story
bungalow
house whose rooms are at different one-, two-, or half story levels
split-level
luxurious one-family city house of several stories (and often of brick) and usually one of several in a row
town house
house (with two entrances) designed vertically or horizontally for two families but having a common side wall
two family house, duplex house, semidetached
small house connected to an apartment building
maisonette
house similar to others in development
tract house
house that is one of a continuous line of houses all of the same general appearance
row house
one-story house with a low-pitched roof
ranch house, ranch, rambler
house high up on a hill or mountain
aerie, eyrie
apartment suite with connecting rooms on two floors
duplex apartment, maisonette
apartment with rooms in more or less a straight line
railroad flat, railroad apartment
roof-level or special (and usually luxurious) upper-level apartment
penthouse
ground-floor apartment having its own backyard or private garden area
garden apartment
apartment with one main room (often with a high ceiling) but with kitchen and bathroom facilities
studio apartment, studio
small apartment (often furnished) with a bathroom and kitchenette
efficiency apartment, efficiency
building’s upper story converted for use as an artist’s studio or apartment
loft, atelier
building’s upper or visible part
superstructure
building’s lower or unseen part
understructure
main story of a house
bel etage
ground floor
rez-de-chaussee
intermediary and often balcony-like story
mezzanine, entresol
platform outside or around a house
deck
glass or multi-windowed porch or room for enjoying maximum sunlight
sun porch, solarium, sun parlor, sun room
glass structure for growing many plants
greenhouse, conservatory
covered or arched and usually columned walkway open on at least one side
galley, arcade, loggia, cloister
small or blind (decorative rather than structural) arcade
arcature
columns in a row and usually supporting a roof or wall
colonnade
colonnade encircling an open space or buliding
peristyle
roofed outdoor passageway between buildings
breezeway, (of a cabin) dogtrot
long walkway within a structure or between buildings
passageway
level open grassy or paved area for walking
esplanade
interior open area
courtyard, court, cloister
platform-like and usually paved open recreational area alonside a house
terrace, patio
depressed open area at cellar or basement level
areaway
level space that encompasses a building site
parterre
ornamental garden with paths
parterre
garden decoratively interspersed with rocks
rock garden, rockery
walkway or arbor with vine-covered posts and trelliswork
pergola
small roofed open structure in a garden or with a pleasant view
belvedere, gazebo, summer house, pavilion
roofed entranced structure
porch, portico
roofed and railinged platform fronting or around part of a house
porch, veranda
small porch or entrance stairway
stoop
screen-walled or roofed driveway (along a house entrance or to an interior courtyard) for vehicles
porte cohere, carriage porch
front wall
facade, face
protective or ornamental covering on the front of a building
facing
projecting brace supporting a building externally
buttress
low protective wall along a roof or platform
parapet
defensive or decorative notched parapet topping a wall
battlement
building’s external angle or corner, or the stone forming it
quoin, cornerstone
triangular part of a roofs end or building’s projection (sometimes with a window)
gable
above-the-roof gable with “steps” or setbacks
crowstep gable, corbiestep
small sloping-roof or attic gable often with a window (all in all like a miniature house)
dormer
low or small dormer over which the roofing curves
eyebrow
horizontal frame-like (and often decorative) projection all along the top of a wall
cornice
projecting block (one of many) beneath a cornice
dentil
part (lower) of roof overhanging the wall
eave
rounded vertical support
pillar, column
square or rectangular vertical support
pier
rectangular vertical support not freestanding but projecting from part of a wall
pilaster
scroll-like or spiral ornamental feature
volute
wall’s clamp-like support (beneath a roof or overhang)
bracket, corbel
ornament scroll-like projection beneath a cornice
modillion
projecting curved or foliage-like ornament high up on a building
crocket
rounded (part of a sphere) rooftop structure
dome, cupola
rooftop structure for observation or decoration
cupola, lantern, belfry, belvedere
opening at the top of a dome
oculus
Russian-style (ogival) bulbous dome that comes to a point
onion dome, imperial dome, imperial roof
pointed tower-like construction rising from a roof
spire, fleche, steeple
small spire like ornament topping a feature of a building
pinnacle, finial
octagonal spire
broach spire
horizontal part of a classical building above the columns and below the eaves
entablature
sculptured or in-relief band along the top of a classical building
freeze
sculptural relief whose projection is slight
bas relief
triangular gable-like fronting of a classical roof (or an ornament version of this)
pediment
crown-like upper end of a column, pier, or pilaster
capital
supporting block at the base of a column, pier, or pilaster
plinth
wedge-shaped piece in an arch or vault
voussoir
ornamental part of a wall adjoining an arch or below an upper level window
spandrel
carved or otherwise shaped or designed ornamentation
fretwork
any construction or feature with openings in its design openwork decorative grating-like features or ornamentation
grille, grill, grillwork
decorative work with coiled forms
scrollwork
building features or iron
ironwork
roof peaking at a high angle
steep-pitched roof
roof peaking at a low angle
low-pitched roof
conventional ridged roof with the same angle of slope on either side
gable roof, saddle roof, saddleback roof
horizontal or level roof
flat roof
roof with a third face sloping down before where the two main slopes meet
hip roof, hipped roof
roof that slopes downward
shed roof, pent roof, lean-to roof
roof having not one but two slopes (or angles of slope) on either side of its ridge
curb roof
roof only part of which is hipped (so that part of the main gable is “blunted” or truncated)
jerkinhead roof, hipped-gable roof
curb roof with the lower of its two slopes the steeper one
gambrel roof, hipped-gable roof
roof with four faces or slopes that rise to a point
pyramidal roof
roof with a single downward or upward slope
lean-to roof, shed roof, penthouse roof, half-gabled roof
roof that is a double-gable or ridged roof (with the lowest part or “valley” in the centre)
M roof
roof with broad parallel indentations across its top
saw-tooth roof
roof tiled in the southwestern U.S. style
Spanish-tiled roof, mission-tiled roof
conventional wooden-frame (stile-and-rail) door with panels
panel door
conventional door without panels or moldings
flush door
door with some glass in it
sash door
slatted doors
louvered doors
slatted door on tracks that folds up or out horizontally
accordion door
door composed ofglass panesd
French door
door of glass that opens or closes along horizontal tracks
sliding glass door
door with two sides that open or close
double door
door hinged to swing in or out
double-swing door
crude cellar or shed door
batten door
paneling or other border-like features around a door
surround
window that does not open
fixed window
standard window with raisable upper and lower sashes
double-hung window
window with a sash that moves right or left
sliding window
window that opens or hinges
casement window
window with adjustable horizontal slat-like glass panes
jalousie
large fixed window dominating a room
picture window
window or windows projecting or curving outward from a wall
bay window, bow window
window above a door
transom
bay window supported by a bracket (corbel)
oriel
fixed window like a fan (or half a lemon slice) with radiating muntins (sash bars)
fan window, transom window
fixed fan-like window with muntins in the form of concentric semicircles
circle-head window
window with a sash sliding left or right
sliding window
window that (hinged at the top) opens out (sometimes with a crank mechanism)
awning window
window that (hinged at the top) opens in or is like an upside-down awning window
hopper window
widow that (hinged at the top) opens in
basement transom window
window with a sash anchored at the centre of the frame that swings around perpendicularly
centre pivot window, pivot window
window in a ceiling or roof
skylight
window with small panes separated by lead
leaded window
window like an archway with a lower side-window on either side (the whole looking like the frontal outline of a domed building)
Palladian window, Diocletian window, Venetian window
tall and narrow pointed-arch window
lancet window
wall opening with (usually wooden) adjustable slats for ventilation
louver
small round opening or window
bull’s-eye, oeil-de-boeuf, oxeye
vertical dividing member in the middle of a window (particularly of a large Gothic window)
mullion
arranged or proportioned equivalently from the center
symmetical
not symmetrical
asymmetrical, irregular
having a middle or central emphasis
centralized
configured like rays or spokes from a centre
radial
standing alone or unsupported
freestanding
irregular in layout or spread
rambling
thrust forward
projecting
set back
recessed
being of the usual or typical style
vernacular
serving a single purpose without elaboration
functional
stately and sober in effect
formal
showing or using different elements of styles
eclectic
imposingly massive or grandiose
monumental
suggestive of Ancient Greece or Rome
classical, neoclassical
in three parts or divisions
tripartite
in four parts or divisions
quadripartite
in six parts or divisions
sexpartite
impressively bulky or dense in construction
massive
lengthened or notably long
elongated
curved or opening outward
flared
arched and round
domed
stressing line or elongated contour
streamlined, sleek
relatively low or close to the ground
low slung
having different horizontal levels
terraced
seemingly shortened or cut off (at the top or an end)
truncated, stunted
relatively small and square
box-like, boxy
extending around a corner or corners
wraparound
showing decorative features
ornamental, embellished
bearing shapes or decoration representing leaves
foliated
checkered or mosaic-like
tesselated
having a net-like pattern
reticulated
having sunken (usually) square or octagonal panels (lacunars or lacunaria) in the ceiling
coffered
showing segments (as of a circle) as constructional pieces
segmented
having columns
columniated
having columnar grooves
fluted
without columns
astylar
having a colonnade on all sides
peripteral, peristylar
having or painted in several colours
polychrome, multicolour
having stone masonry whose edges or joints are accentuated (by beveling or rebating the blocks)
rusticated
having a wall surface of wooden beams with masonry between them
half-timbered
sloping backward vertically or upward (as a wall)
battered
built or supported with horizontal beams
trabeated
projecting horizontally beyond its stabilizing or anchoring support
cantilevered
left visible although a supporting feature
exposed
having vertical boards or strips as walls or siding
board-and-batten
arched or hollowed (as a ceiling)
vaulted
having a vaulted ceiling like a tunnel or half-cylinder
barrel-vaulted
having a ceiling of intersecting vaults
groin-vaulted
in disrepair or crumbling
dilapidated, ramshackle, rickety, tumbledown
earth and grass
sod, turf
poles with interwoven branches, reeds, twigs, or the like used in primitive
wattle
straw, rushes, or the like used for roofing
thatch
length of unshaped timber
log
bonding mixture (lime or cement or both with sand and water) used between stones or bricks
mortar
clay bricks, tiles, stones, or concrete or glass blocks usually bonded with mortar or cement
masonry
pulverized clay and limestone mixture
cement, Portland cement
stone-like mixture of Portland cement with water and an aggregate (pebbles, shale, gravel, etc.)
concrete
block of concrete
concrete block
concrete strengthened with embedded metal (usually steel) strands or mesh
reinforced concrete
translucent block used chiefly in walls
glass block
red brick
redbrick
glazed or baked brick
fired brick
brick of sun-dried clay and straw
adobe, unfired brick
raw or unfinished pieces of stone
fieldstone
hewn or squared masonry stone
ashlar
broken stone
riprap, rubble, revertment
stone made (dressed) smooth
cut sonte
burnt or baked thin or curved slab or various building materials used mostly for roofs
tile, tiling
mixture of gypsum or limestone with sand and water and sometimes hair used primarily for walls and ceilings
plaster
boards of fiberboard, felt, of the like used in place of plaster
plasterboard, Sheetrock, drywall, gypsum board
covering or overlay of one material over another in a wall
cladding
weatherproof boards, sheets, or shingles used for the exposed facing of a frame building
siding
exterior plaster finish (usually of Portland cement and sand)
stucco
wall exterior of mortar and pressed-in pebbles
pebble-dash, rock-dash, roughcast
long and thin horizontal board (with one edge thinner) used overlapping with others for siding
clapboard, weatherboard
sawed thin oblong of wood, slate or other building material used overlappingly as roofing or siding
shingle
split-log shingle (commonly of cedar)
shake
polished mosaic or chip-like flooring usually of marble and stone
terrazo
