TERNAV WEEK 1 Flashcards
Is a process of directing the movements of a craft expeditiously and safely from, one point to another
navigation
The word navigate is from the Latin
navigatus
Latin navigatus, the past participle of the verb
navigere
navigere, which is derived from the words
navis
navis, meaning
“ship”
agere, meaning
“to move “or “to direct”.
“to move “or “to direct”.
agere
ship
navis
KINDS OF NAVIGATION
marine, air, land navigation
marine navigation
surface and underwater navigation
vessel of the surface of the water
Surface navigation-
submerged vessel
Underwater navigation
is the determination of position by advancing a known position for courses and distances.
DEAD RECKONING-
position so determined is called a
dead reckoning position
determination of position by use of the course and speed expected to be made good over the ground, making an estimated allowance for disturbing elements such as current and wind, a position so called
estimated position/deduced reckoning
is navigation involving frequent and continuous determination of position or a line ofPosition relative to geographic points, and usually requiring need for close attention to the vessel’s draft with respect to the depth of water
PILOTING (OR PILOTAGE)-
practiced in the vicinity of land, dangers, etc.
PILOTING (OR PILOTAGE)-
is a navigation using radio waves for determination of position or of line of position.
RADIO NAVIGATION-
involves the use of radio waves. usually in the centimeter band.
Radar Navigation-
involves the use of artificial earth satellites for determination of position
Satellite Navigation-
is a computerized additional feature to the Radar.
RADAR ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid)
takes feed of the own ships course and speed, and target’s course and speed, and calculates the collision avoidance data and simplifies the need for the users to calculate the data themselves.
ARPA
A _ is any object that orbits something else, as, for example, the Earth orbits the sun
satellite
They are used for diverse purposes such as weather forecasting, television signal, amateur radio and internet communications and the Global Positioning System
satellite
for steering
gyrocompass
when piloting
echo sounder
is used to refer to navigation involving the use of electronics in any way.
ELECTRONIC NAVIGATION-
Electronics- is the science and technology relating to the emission, flow, and effects of electronics in a vacuum or through a semiconductor, and to systems using devices in which this action takes place.
Electronics-
that part of a remote-indicating compass system which repeats at a distance the indications of the master compass.
Compass repeater
that part of a remote-indicating compass system which repeats at a distance the indications of the master compass
Starboard side and Port side Compass repeater-
is a primary means of navigation as a direction indicating device, of a ship
Magnetic compass
. It is fitted above the bridge on the monkey Island at the centre line of the ship. When reading output is needed to other bridge equipment, then a transmitting magnetic compass is fitted.
Magnetic compass
sends sound wave pulses from a transducer that’s usually located on the bottom of a ship/boat’s hull. These pulses travel through the water, hit submerged objects (the ocean floor, wrecks, large schools of fish),bounce off these things, and return upwards to the transducer.
Echo sounder
navigation using information obtained from celestial bodies.
CELESTIAL NAVIGATION*
is a comprehensive, berth to berth guide, developed and used by a vessel’s bridge team to determine the most favorable route, to identify potential problems or hazards along the route, and to adopt bridge management practices to ensure the vessel’s safe passage
passage plan
Four Elements to a Passage Plan
- Appraisal* Planning* Execution* Monitoring
Denotes gather as much safety and navigation information to giveyou a safe voyage. Before planning can commence, the charts, publications and other information appropriate for the voyage will need to be gathered together and studied.
Appraisal
Its most portion comprises of a diagrammatic representation of limits of navigational charts in various regions and in addition to this the BA chart number, title of charts, date of the publication date of hew edition & natural scale for all the charts are shown in the geographical region
Chart catalogue
supports the planning of deep-sea voyages on most major routes, with details of weather, currents, ice hazards and distances between major ports
Ocean Passages for the World (NP136)
include routes and distances between major ports, ocean currents, ice limits, load lines and wind roses. They also contain expected meteorological and oceanographic conditions for each month of the year
Routeing Charts
are written directions that describe the routes to be taken by boats and ships during coastal navigation and port approaches.
Sailing Directions
series gives listings of all lighthouses, lightships, lit floating marks (over 8m in height), fog signals and lights of navigational significance.Each publication lists the characteristics oflights and fog signals, together with the equivalent foreign language light
Admiralty List of Lights and Fog Signals
The main function of the tables is to give daily predictions of the times and heights of high and low waters at about 240 Standard Ports ,and further information in the form of time and height difference from the standard ports for about 6500 Secondary Ports.
TIDE TABLES-
include detailed tidal stream direction and strength information for key locations in North West Europe enabling accurate calculation of tidal stream rates for a particular port when planning a voyage.
Tidal Stream Atlases
contain all the corrections, alterations and amendments for the UKHO’s worldwide series of Admiralty Charts and Publications.They are published weekly in several formats but best known as the weekly booklets, which are dispatched directly from the UKHO
Admiralty Notice to Mariners’
Any system of one or more routes or routeing measures aimed at reducing the risk of casualties; it includes traffic separation schemes, two-way routes, recommended tracks, areas to be avoided, inshore traffic zones, roundabouts, precautionary areas and deep water routes
Routeing system.
is a special marking positioned amidships which depicts the draft of the vessel and the maximum permitted limit in distinct types of waters to which the ship can be loaded
Load line
Transit Time, Port to port distances, Setup Vessel Speed inNautical Miles, Custom Map Points, Date of Departure and Arrival.
Sea Distance table,
is any sort of marker that guides to mark safe waters and also help mariners in determining their position with respect to land or any navigational hazard or hidden danger. Traditionally aids to navigation have been physical aids such as lighthouses, buoys and beacons
A navigational aid or AtoN or navaid
Only official nautical charts should be used* An ocean passage requires less planning of courses etc.* Navigation in coastal waters requires concentrated preparations
Planning*
The master should find out how long his intended voyage should take, making sure he has enough water and fuel for the voyage
He should take into account any weather conditions expected on the voyage
Execution
This is the act of checking your position often on a chart and that you remain in a safe distance from any danger areas (land)
Parallel Indexing should be used when you are alongside any hazards to maintain a safe distance.
monitoring
is a specialised map used by the navigator. it is depicted all the necessary information which the navigator requires in order to safely navigate the ship..
chart
the earth is an approximately an
oblate spheroid
the line of intersection of a sphere and a plane through the center of the sphere
great circle
