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GENETICS > Terms To Remember > Flashcards

Terms To Remember Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Genetics?

A

study of heredity and variation

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2
Q

It is the study of heredity and variation

A

Genetics

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3
Q

It is the transmission of traits from parents to offspring through the reproductive cells, sperms and eggs.

A

Heredity

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4
Q

what is Heredity???

A

It is the transmission of traits from parents to offspring through the reproductive cells, sperms and eggs.

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5
Q

Any differences existing between individuals of the same species

A

Variation

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6
Q

Define:

variation

A

Any differences existing between individuals of the same species

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7
Q

What are somotic cells? Give some examples

A

These are body cells which make up the BULK of body.

ex. squamous cells, columnar cells, neurons, blood cells

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8
Q

These are body cells which make up the BULK of body.

A

Somatic cells

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9
Q

thrombocytes is an example of

A

somatic cells

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10
Q

orher term for red blood cells

give 2

A

corpuscles

erythrocytes

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11
Q

these cells transport oxygenated blood

A

RBC

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12
Q

other term for WBC

A

leucocytes

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13
Q

they are the soldiers of body bc they fight infection

A

WBC

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14
Q

important in blood clotting

A

blood platelets

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15
Q

The reproductive cells

A

germinal cells or gametes

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16
Q

rod shaped body in the nucleus of eukaryotes and prokayotes that contains the heridatary units or genes

A

chromosomes

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17
Q

define:

chromososme

A

rod shaped body in the nucleus of eukaryotes and prokayotes that contains the heridatary units or genes

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18
Q

differentiate eukaryote and prokayotes

A

P | E
1. SINGLE CELLED | Single celled or multicellular

  1. almost all have cell walls | none in animals
  2. mode of division is binary fission | mitosis and meiosis
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19
Q

What is gene?

A

Genes is a unit of inheritance of heredity

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20
Q

a unit of inheritance of heredity

A

gene

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21
Q

location of a gene in a chromosome

A

locus

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22
Q

the 2N number of chromosomes (usually in MITOSIS)8

A

Diploid

23
Q

The N number of chrosomosome (IN MEIOSIS)

A

Haploid

24
Q

what type of division sa diploid?

A

Mitosis

25
Q

what type of division sa haploid?

A

Meiosis

26
Q

the first generation of a genetic cross that has 2 generations

A

F1 generation

27
Q

2nd generation of a genetic cross

A

F2 gen

28
Q

a pair of similar or like genes for any character

A

homozygous

29
Q

differentiate homozygous and heterzygous

A

homo-generation of a genetic cross

hetero- a pair of contrasting traits of 2 kinds of genes

30
Q

a pair of contrasting traits of 2 kinds of genes

A

heterozygous

31
Q

Capital letter

small

A

dominant-capital

recessive- small

32
Q

What are the reproductive cells?

A

sperm and egg

33
Q

Define:

Genotype

A

particular genes of an individual that determine specific trait

34
Q

particular genes of an individual that determine specific trait

A

GENOTYPE

35
Q

it is the outward appearance of an organism caused by genetic and enironmentL influences

A

phenotype

36
Q

Define

phenotype

A

it is the outward appearance of an organism caused by genetic and enironmentL influences

37
Q

A pair of similar or contrasting characters; one of two or more alternative state of a gene.

A

allele

38
Q

What is an ALLELE?

A

A pair of similar or contrasting characters; one of two or more alternative state of a gene.

39
Q

Hereditary factor that expresses itself when the genotype is heterozygous

A

Dominant allele

40
Q

What is Dominant Allele?

A

Hereditary factor that expresses itself when the genotype is heterozygous

41
Q

Hereditary factor that expresses itself when the genotype is HOmozygous

A

Recessive allele

42
Q

Difference between dominant allele and recessive allele

A

DA- genotype is heterozygous

RA- g is homozygous

43
Q

Define:

Hybrid

A

offspring of two parents that differ in one or more heritable characters

44
Q

offspring of two parents that differ in one or more heritable characters

A

Hybrid

45
Q

Difference between Monohybrid cross and Dihybrid cross

A

Monohybrid- A cross in which the parent in one pair of alternative characters

Dihybrid cross- the parents diff into two pairs of alternative characters

46
Q

A cross in which the parent in one pair of alternative characters

A

monohybrid cross

47
Q

A cross in which the parents the parents diff into two pairs of alternative characters

A

Dihybrid cross

48
Q

A process of testing whether an individual is homozygous or heterozygous.

A

Test Cross

49
Q

A pair of chromosomes that have the same shape and contain genes for same traits.

A

Homologous chromosome

50
Q

What is Homologous chromosome?

A

A pair of chromosomes that have the same shape and contain genes for same traits.

51
Q

a sudden change in the genetic make up

A

Mutation

52
Q

what is mutation?

A

a sudden change in the genetic make up

53
Q

What is the full name of your prof?

A

Mrs. Rosario C. Salazar

GENETICS (13 decks)

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