Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OU Immunology > Terms to Know > Flashcards

Terms to Know Flashcards

1
Q

afferent phase

A

Stimulation of a specific response to an antigen

- First set of slides pg 53

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

affinity

A

measure of the strength with which one molecule binds to another at a single binding site
- 4th edition glossary G2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

agglutination

A

to clump together small particles to form larger particles. Usually refers to antibody or some other multivalent molecule that crosslinks antigens on more than one particle
- 4th edition glossary G2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

allograft

A

tissue graft made between genetically non-identical members of the same species
- 4th edition glossary G3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

antigen

A

any molecule or molecular fragment that either is recognized by an antibody or B-cell receptor or can be bound by an MHC molecule and presented to a T-cell receptor
- 4th edition glossary G3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

APC [antigen presenting cells]

A

the display of antigen as peptide fragments bound to MHC molecules on the surface of cells. This is the form in which antigen is recognized by α:β T cells.
- 4th edition glossary G3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

apoptosis

A

mechanism of cell death in which the cells to be killed are induced to degrade themselves from within, in a tidy manner. Also called programmed cell death.
- 4th edition glossary G4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

avidity

A

the overall strength of binding of an antibody with multiple binding sites to an antigen (also with multiple sites), in contrast to the affinity, which is the strength of binding at a single site
- 4th edition glossary G4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

B cell

A

one of the two main types of lymphocyte responsible for adaptive immunity (the other is the T cell). The B-cell arm of the immune system is dedicated to making immunoglobulins in the form of cell-surface antigen receptors (the B-cell receptors) and secreted antibodies. Also known as B lymphocyte.
- 4th edition glossary G4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

B cell receptor

A

consists of two heavy chains and two light chains almost like an antibody but the heavy chain has a transmembrane section; the antigen binding sites are at the end of the heavy+light chain
- Second set of slides pg 35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

BALT [Bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue]

A

the lymphoid cells and organized lymphoid tissues of the respiratory tract
- 4th edition glossary G5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

brady kinin

A

triggered by tissue damage; causes vasodilation; increases supply of soluble and cellular materials of innate immunity to the infected site
- 4th edition pg 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CRP [C reactive protein]

A

soluble acute-phase protein that binds to phosphorylcholine, a surface constituent of various bacteria. CRP binds to bacteria, opsonizing them for uptake by phagocytes. It can also activate the classical pathway of complement fixation and bind to Fc receptors
- 4th edition glossary G8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

carrier

A

immunogenic protein that carries molecules by bonding

- Second set of slides pg 91

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CDR [complementarity-determining region]

A

short region of high diversity in amino acid sequence within the variable region of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor chains. There are three CDRs (CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3) in each variable region, which collectively contribute to the antigen-binding site and determine the antigenic specificity. The CDRs are the most variable parts of the variable domains and are also called hypervariable regions
- 4th edition glossary G8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cellular immunity

A

any adaptive immune response in which antigen-specific effector T cells dominate. It is defined operationally as all adaptive immunity that cannot be transferred to a naive recipient with serum antibody
- 4th edition glossary G6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cold agglutinin

A

when IgM antibodies binding to red blood cells at cold
temperatures and causing clumping
- Second set of slides pg 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

complement

A

collection of plasma proteins that act in a cascade of reactions to attack extracellular forms of pathogens in extracellular spaces and the blood
- 4th edition glossary G7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

defensin

A

any member of a large family of small antimicrobial peptides 35–40 amino acids long that can penetrate microbial membranes and disrupt their integrity. They are present at epithelial surfaces and in neutrophil granules
- 4th edition glossary G9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

dendritic cell

A

professional antigen-presenting cell with a branched, dendrite-like morphology that are present in tissues. It is derived from the bone marrow and is distinct from the follicular dendritic cell that presents antigen to B cells. Mature or activated dendritic cells are present in secondary lymphoid tissues and are able to stimulate T cells
- 4th edition glossary G9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

efferent phase

A

Production of effector cells and molecules following antigenic stimulation
- First set of slides pg 53

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

effector cell

A

a terminally differentiated activated lymphocyte that can kill pathogens or remove them from the body without the need for further differentiation
- 4th edition glossary G10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

epitope

A

the portion of an antigenic molecule that is bound by an antibody or gives rise to the MHC-binding peptide that is recognized by a T-cell receptor. Also called an antigenic determinant
- 4th edition glossary G10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

fab fragment

A

a proteolytic fragment of IgG that consists of the light chain and the amino-terminal half of the heavy chain held together by a disulfide bond between the chains. It is called Fab because it is the ‘fragment with antigen binding’ specificity.
- 4th edition glossary G10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

F(ab’)2 fragment

A

Fragment Affinity-Purified Secondary Antibodies; have two antigen-binding Fab portions linked together by disulfide bonds, and therefore are divalent
- online definition

26
Q

Fc fragment

A

fragment of an antibody that consists of the carboxy-terminal halves of the two heavy chains disulfidebonded to each other by the residual hinge region. It is produced by proteolytic cleavage of antibody. It is called Fc for ‘fragment crystallizable.’
- 4th edition glossary G11

27
Q

Fc receptor

A

cell-surface receptor for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin isotypes. There are different Fc receptors for the different isotypes and subtypes
- 4th edition glossary G11

28
Q

gamma globulin

A

Unique proteins derived only from B cells; nd specifically to the antigen that stimulated their formation; IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM
- Second set of slides pg 29

29
Q

GALT [gut-associated lymphoid tissue]

A

the most extensive secondary lymphoid tissues in the human body; all lymphoid tissue closely associated with the gastrointestinal tract, including the palatine tonsils, Peyer’s patches in the intestine, and layers of intraepithelial lymphocytes
- 4th edition glossary G12

30
Q

haplotype

A

the set of alleles carried on a single chromosome

- 4th edition glossary G12

31
Q

hapten

A

small molecules that are not capable by themselves of inducing an immune response but may do so when covalently bound to a suitable carrier compound
- Second set of slides pg 91

32
Q

humoral immunity

A

immunity that is mediated by antibodies and can therefore be transferred to a non-immune recipient by serum
- 4th edition glossary G13

33
Q

hybridoma

A

hybrid cell lines that make monoclonal antibodies of defined specificity. They are formed by fusing a specific antibody-producing B lymphocyte with a myeloma cell that grows in tissue culture and does not make any immunoglobulin chains of its own
- 4th edition glossary G13

34
Q

idiotype

A

a set of antigen-binding sites that characterizes the antibodies produced by a particular clone of antibody-producing cells
- online definition

35
Q

immunogen

A

substance capable of eliciting an immune response

- First set of slides pg 43

36
Q

interleukin

A

generic term used for many of the cytokines produced by leukocytes
- 4th edition glossary G16

37
Q

isotype

A 
the class of an immunoglobulin—that is, IgM, IgG, IgD, IgA, or IgE—each of which has a distinct heavy-chain constant region encoded by a different constant-region gene
- 4th edition glossary G16
38
Q

LPS [Lipopolysaccharide]

A

found in outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria

39
Q

macrophage

A

large mononuclear phagocytic cell resident in most tissues that bears receptors for many components of pathogens; are professional APC and phagocytes; produce cytokines that recruit immune cells -> ongoing immune response
- 4th edition glossary G18

40
Q

MALT [mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue]

A

a diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various sub-mucosa membrane sites of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin
- online definition

41
Q

memory cell

A

general term for a lymphocyte that is responsible for the phenomenon of immunological memory
- 4th edition glossary G19

42
Q

monoclonal antibody

A

antibody produced by a single clone of B lymphocytes so that all the antibody molecules are identical in structure and antigen specificity
- 4th edition glossary G20

43
Q

monocyte

A

phagocytic white blood cell with a bean-shaped nucleus. It is the precursor of the tissue macrophage
- 4th edition glossary G20

44
Q

neutralization

A

the mechanism by which antibodies binding to sites on pathogens prevent growth of the pathogen and/or its entry into cells
- 4th edition glossary G21

45
Q

neutropenia

A

quantitative deficiency of neutrophils; serious condition rendering a patient susceptible to bacterial infection
- Second set of slides pg 5

46
Q

NK cell

A

a genomic region of gene families encoding lectin-like receptors of NK cells and other leukocytes.
- 4th edition glossary G21

47
Q

opsonization

A

the coating of the surface of a pathogen or other particle with any molecule that makes it more readily ingested by phagocytes
- 4th edition glossary G21

48
Q

Peyer’s patches

A

organized gut-associated lymphoid tissue present in the wall of the small intestine, especially the ileum
- 4th edition glossary G22

49
Q

phagocyte

A

a cell specialized to perform phagocytosis. The principal phagocytic cells in mammals are neutrophils and macrophages
- 4th edition glossary G22

50
Q

phagocytosis

A

process of ingesting material inside a cell via vesicles created by the cell membrane

51
Q

plasma cell

A

terminally differentiated B lymphocyte that secretes antibody
- 4th edition glossary G23

52
Q

precipitation

A

The reaction between a soluble antibody and soluble antigen in which an insoluble product results
- Second set of slides pg 37

53
Q

PMN [polymorphonuclear leukocytes]

A

an alternative name for a granulocyte, describing the varied morphology of the nuclei
- 4th edition glossary G23

54
Q

T cell

A

one of the two main classes of lymphocyte responsible for adaptive immunity (the other is the B cell). T cells originate in the bone marrow, develop in the thymus, and are responsible for cell-mediated immunity
- 4th edition glossary G27

55
Q

T cell receptor

A

the highly variable antigen receptor of T lymphocytes. On most circulating T cells it is composed of a variable α chain and a variable β chain and is known as the α:β T-cell receptor. This receptor recognizes peptide antigens derived from the breakdown of proteins
- 4th edition glossary G27

56
Q

thymic-independent antigen

A

antigen that can elicit antibody production in the absence of T cells. There are two types of TI antigen: TI-1 antigens, which have intrinsic B-cell activating activity, and TI-2 antigens, which have multiple identical epitopes that cross-link B-cell receptors
- 4th edition glossary G28

57
Q

thymus

A

a primary lymphoid organ in the upper part of the middle of the chest, just behind the breastbone. It is the site of T-cell development
- 4th edition glossary G28

58
Q

TLR [toll-like receptors]

A

any of a family of receptors of innate immunity that are present in many types of leukocyte, especially macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils. Each type of TLR is specific for a different type of common pathogen component
- 4th edition glossary G28

59
Q

V/(D)/J Recombinase

A

expressed early in lymphoid development; complete enzyme expressed in B cells (in which it rearranges Ig genes) and T cells (in which it rearranges T cell receptor); results in determination of idiotype
- Third set of slides pg 36

60
Q

allotype

A

a naturally occurring variant of a protein. Allotypes are encoded by different alleles of the same gene
- 4th edition glossary G3

OU Immunology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions