Terms to Know Flashcards
Nape
Back of the neck
Clinical Esthetics
previously known as medical esthetics; the integration of surgical procedures & esthetic treatments
Cells
basic unit of all living things; capable of performing all the fundamental functions of life
Dermatologist
physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of skin, hair and nails
Dermatology
Medical branch of science that deals with study of skin & its nature, structure, functions, diseases and treatments
What does the term scale mean?
Flaky skin cells; any thing plate of epidermal fakes (dry or oily!)
What is an example of scales?
Abnormal or excessive dandruff
What is Dermis?
The support layer of connective tissue, collagen, and elastin that is below the epidermis
Also called : derma, corium, cutis, or true skin
What are the layers (in order top to bottom) of the skin?
Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis, Subcutaneous Fat Layer
What cells carry oxygen from the lungs to other body cells and also remove carbon dioxide from body cells and transport to the lungs
Red Blood Cells
transport of fully digested food and nutrients into the blood to supply tissues and cells
Absorption
sensory nerve endings located close to the surface of the skin
Receptors
Desmosomes
Structures that assist in holding cells together; intercellular connections made of proteins
Insertion
Point where skeleton muscle is attached to a bone or moveable body part
Supinate
when muscles rotate outward
ex: In the forearm, the radius turns outward and the palm upward
Pronate
When muscles rotate inward
ex: palm faces down
Defecation
elimination of feces from body
(nice way for saying pooping)
Inhalation
breathing in, oxygen is absorbed in the blood
breakdown of food by the body mechanically or chemically
Digestion
What cells perform the function of destroying disease-causing germs?
White Blood Cells
Exhalation
Breathing out; expelling carbon dioxide from the lungs
collection of similar cells that perform a particular function
Tissue
Oncology
study and treatment of cancer and tumors
What greek word means skilled in the use of cosmetics
Kosmetikos
Small,involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goose flesh when the appendages contracts;sometimes called goosebumps and papillae
Arrector pili muscle
Protein fiber found in the dermis;gives skin its elasticity and firmness
Elastin
Tubelike opening for sweat glands on the epidermis
Pores
Small blister or sac containing clear fluid;poison ivy and poison oak produce vesicles
Vesicle
Also known as oil glands;protect the surface of the skin;appendages connected to follicles
Sebaceous glands
Room or area used for mixing products and storing supplies
Dispensary
A rolling cart that holds tools,supplies, and products
Trolley
Also known as facial bar;skin care treatment area within the reception or retail area of the facility,where clients can have express skin care treatments without having to change clothes
Facial station
In massage,the rapid shaking movement in which the esthetician uses the body and shoulders,not just the fingertips,to create the movement
Vibration
Tools used by estheticians to perform services;implements can be multiuse or single-use
Implements
Also known as percussion;movements consisting of short,quick tapping and slapping,movements
Tapotement
Kneading movement that stimulates the underlying tissues;performed by lifting,squeezing,and pressing the tissue with a light,firm pressure
Petrissage
Invigorating rubbing technique requiring pressure on the skin with the fingers or palm while moving them under an underlying structure
Friction
Light,continuous stroking movement applied with the fingers(digital) or the palms(palmar) in a slow,rhythmic manner
Effleurage
Manual or mechanical manipulation of the body achieved by rubbing,gently pinching,kneading,tapping, and performing other movements to increase metabolism and circulation,promote absorption, and relieve pain
Massage
Abbreviated MLD;gentle,rhythmic pressure on the lymphatic system to detoxify and remove waste materials from the body more quickly;reduces swelling and is used before and after surgery for pre-and postoperative care
Manual lymph drainage
Also known as aesthetician;a specialist in the cleansing,beautification,and preservation of the health of skin on the entire body,including the face and neck
Esthetician
A dye obtained from the powder leaves and shoots of the mignonette tree;used as a reddish hair dye and in temporary design tattooing
Henna
Also known as aesthetics;from the Greek word aesthetikos(meaning “percepitble to the senses”);a branch of anatomical science that deals with the overall health and well being of the skin,the largest organ of the human body
Esthetics
Process used to soften and emulsify sebum and comedones(blackheads) in the follicles
Desincrustation
Refers to something that causes vascular constriction of capillaries and reduced blood flow
Vasoconstricting
Professional service designed to improve and rejuvenate skin
Facial
Manual removal of impurities and comedones
Extraction
A professional service designed to improve the appearance of the skin that takes less than 30 minutes
Express facial
Also known as sweat glands;excrete perspiration,regulate body temperature, and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals
Sudoriferous glands
A thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules;these membranes are flat sheets that form a continuous barrier around all cells
Bilayers
Pigment carrying granules that produce melanin,a complex protein
Melanosomes
The enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and thus produces melanin
Tyrosinase
A type of melanin that is red and yellow in color; people with light-colored skin produce mostly pheomelanin;two types of melanin; the other is eumelanin
Pheomelanin
Membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis;contains nerve endings and supplies nourishment through capillaries to skin and follicles
Dermal papillae
Spray misting device
Spray machine
Atoms or molecules that carry an electrical charge
Ions
Process of infusing an alkaline product into the tissue from the negative pole toward the positive pole
Anaphoresis
Process used to soften and emulsify sebum and blackheads in the follicles
Desincrustation
The separation of an atom or molecule into positive or negative ions
Ionization
Heat effect; a modality of electrolysis utilizing alternating current(AC) used for permanent hair removal
Thermolysis
Apparatus that utilizes alternating or sinusoidal,current to produce a mild to strong heat effect sometimes called tesla high-frequency or violet ray
High frequency machine
Suction machine device that vacuums/suctions the skin to remove impurities and stimulate circulation
Vacuum machine
Process of forcing an acidic product into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive pole toward the negative pole tightens and calms the skin
Cataphoresis
Chemical reaction during desincrustation during which the current the sebum into soap
Saponification
Process of infusing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current
Iontophoresis
A smooth repetitive alternating current the most commonly used alternating current waveform used in the high-frequency machine can produce heat
Sinusoidal current
Machine used to lightly exfoliate and stimulate the skin also helps soften excess oil dirt and cell buildup
Rotary brush
First stage of hair growth for new hair growth is produced
Anagen
The border of the lip line
Vermillion border
The correct professional and anatomical term for the underarm
Axilla
A modality of electrolysis combining alternating(AC) and direct current(DC)
Blend (for electrolysis)
Study of hair and it’s diseases and care
Trichology
Also known as resting phase the final phase in the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed
Telogen
A resin used in the manufacture of soft wax
Rosin
A hard wax used to modify the melting point and provide increased strength to hard depilatory wax
Candelilla
Longer coarse hair that is found on the head face and body
Terminal hair
Second transition stage of hair the hairs shaft grows upward and detaches itself from the bulb
Catagen
Removing hair at the skin level
Depilation
Known as lanugo hair short find unpigmented downy hair that appears on the body
Vellus hair
Removes hairs from the follicles waxing or tweezing
Epilation
Mass of epidermal cells forming a small tube or canal the tube like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root
Hair follicle
The hair on a fetus soft and downy hair
Lanugo
A hard wax used to modify the melting point and provide increased strength to hard depilatory wax
Carnauba
Substance usually a caustic alkali preparation used for temporarily removing superfluous hair by dissolving it at the skin level
Depilatory
Removal of hair by means of an electric current that destroys the hair root
Electrolysis
Direct current(DC) utilized in electrolysis
Galvanic electrolysis
The area between the eyebrows at the top of the nose
Glabella
Known as banding method of hair removal cotton thread is twisted and rolled along the surface of the skin
Threading
Photoepilation hair reduction treatment in which a laser beam is pulsed on the skin using one wavelength at a time impairing hair growth an intense pulse of electromagnetic radiation
Laser hair removal
A group of symptoms that when combined characterize a disease or disorder
Syndrome
Swelling at the base of the follicle that provides the hair with nourishment thick club-shaped that forms the lower part of hair root
Hair bulb
Ancient method of hair removal recipe sugar lemon juice and water that is heated to form syrup molded into ball and pressed onto the skin and quickly stripped away
Sugaring
Portion of the hair that extends or projects beyond the skin outer layer(cuticle) inner layer(medulla) and middle layer(cortex), color changes happen in the cortex
Hair shaft
Anchors hair to the skin cells and is part of he hair located at the bottom of the follicle below the surface of the skin
Hair root
Cone-shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fit into hair bulb
Hair papilla,papillae
An additive soft wax
Gum rosin
Either oil-based or water-based formulations to remove various types of makeup
Makeup removers
Colors obtained by mixing equal parts of two primary colors
Secondary colors
Yellow,red,blue;fundamental colors that cannot be obtained from a mixture
Primary colors
Refers to degree of saturation;occurs when white is added to a pure hue
Tint
Also known as pancake makeup; a heavy coverage makeup pressed into a compact and applied to the face with a moistened cosmetic sponge
Cake makeup
Makeup used to add color and shape to the eyebrow
Eyebrow gel formulations
Primary and secondary colors opposite one another on the color wheel
Complementary colors
matte
Nonshiny;dull
Small clusters of three or four artificial eyelashes on one point of attachment
Tabs
Separate artificial eyelashes that are applied on top of the lashes one at a time
Individual lashes
Heavy makeup used for theatrical purposes
Greasepaint
Refers to degree of saturation;occurs when black is added to a pure hue
Shade
Refers to skin that is red,wind burned,or affected by rosacea
Ruddy
Refers to skin that has a yellowish hue
Sallow
Refers to foundations that contain mineral oil or other oils
Oil based
Makeup that darkens,defines, and thickens the eyelashes
Mascara
Colored pencils used to line and define the lips
Lip liners
Can give a shiny,moisturized look to the lips
Lip gloss
The metal part that holds makeup brushes intact
Ferrule
Makeup used to accentuate and contour the eyes
Eye shadows
Makeup used to add color and shape to the eyebrows
Eyebrow shadows
Makeup used to add color and shape to the eyebrows
Eyebrow pencils and pomades
Makeup that gives the faces a natural looking glow and helps create facial balance
Blush
Colors that are located directly next to each other on the color wheel
Analogous colors
Makeup that gives color to the face and provides a finish to your makeup design
Lip gloss
Also known as base makeup; a tinted cosmetic used to cover or even out skin tone and coloring of the skin
Foundation
Makeup used to emphasize the eyes; it is available in pencil,liquid,and pressed(cake) form
Eyeliner
Refers to products that are good for occluding the skin and proving a more even surface;they can also diffuse imperfections
Silicone based
Any color in its purest form,lacking any black(shade) or white(tint); the hue of a color represents just one dimension of a particular color
Hue
Procedure in which individual synthetic eyelashes are attached directly to a client’s own lashes at their base
Eye tabbing
Cosmetics used to cover blemishes and discolorations; may be applied before or after foundation
Concealers
Cosmetic implantation technique that deposits colored pigment into the upper reticular layer of the dermis,similar to tattooing
Permanent makeup
Colorless and sheer makeup that blends with all foundations and will not change color when applied
Translucent powder
Colors that do not complement or contrast any other color; examples include brown and gray,along with multiple variations of each
Neutral colors
Also known as hue; in terms of skin,this is a term used to describe the warmth of coolness of a color;generally classified as light,medium, or dark
Tone(skin)
Makeup that darkens,defines, and thickens the eyelashes; is designed to stay on and not smudge when it comes in contact with water
Waterproof mascara
The range of colors with yellow undertones; from yellow and gold through oranges,red-oranges,most reds, and even some yellow-greens
Warm colors
Refers to oil-free products; water-based foundations generally give a more matte finish and help conceal minor blemishes and discolorations
Water based
Also known as brightness of a color; how light or dark it is,which depends on the amount of light emanating from the color
Value
Intermediate colors achieved by mixing a secondary color and its neighboring primary color on the color wheel in equal amounts
Tertiary colors
Makeup that darkens,defines, and thickens the eyelashes; a good daily use product that can be easily removed with regular eye makeup remover
Regular mascara
Also known as contributing pigment; a subdued of a color; a color on which another color has been imposed and which can be seen through the other color;the underlying color that emerges during the lifting process of melanin that contributes to the end result
Undertone(skin)
Liquids or silicone-based formulas designed to go underneath foundation and other products to prepare the skin for makeup and to help keep the product on the skin; primers provide a smooth surface for the makeup,while keeping product off the skin so that it is not broken down by the natural oils of the skin
Primers
An application such as a lip moisturizer that is put on when starting the makeup application,so it can soak in and moisturize before starting to apply the liner; a primer,foundation,9,or plumper can be applied prior to the lip color
Lip conditioner
Refer to the pureness of a color or the dominance of hue in a color
Saturation
Type of foundation made of suspension of organic and inorganic pigments in alcohol and water based solutions; bentonite(a clay base) is added to help keep the products blended and absorb excess oil; the liquid formulation is generally suited for clients with oily to normal skin conditions who desire sheer to medium coverage
Liquid foundation
Separates lashes so they look finished and are not clumpy or messy looking; used before applying mascara or when the mascara is still wet
Lash comb
Colors with a blue undertone that suggest coolness and are dominated by blues,greens,violets, and blue-reds
Cool colors
Also known as strip lashes; eyelashes hairs on a strip that are applied with adhesive to the natural lash line
Band lashes
Technique using one or both hands positioned to avoid client injury,keeping your hands steady and the client safe
Bracing
Refers to makeup colors that are darker shades used to define the cheekbones and make features appear smaller
Contouring
A tool used to brush eyebrow hairs into the desired position,creating a finely groomed look;in addition to the comb itself,many brow combs have a brush on one side
Brow comb
Refers to makeup with extreme durability that is popular with special effects artists as well as for temporary tattoos;alcohol based makeup is not ideal for prolonged wear as it can exacerbate dry skin
Alcohol based
Use day for applying and blending powder,blush, and eyeshadows,as they work better than sponge tips or fingers;brushes vary in size, shape,make,use,cost, and longevity;brushes are the artists most essential tool,as they allow for better control and blending
Brushes(makeup)
Makeup that is lighter than the skin color;accentuate and bring out features such as the brow bone under the eyebrow, the temples, the chin, and the cheekbones
Highlighters
Designed to be invisible when using high definition cameras; formulated with super- fine microparticles that blend into the skin to provide a flawless complexion
High definition makeup
A light emitting diode that aids in reducing inflammation and swelling
Yellow light
Procedure performed inside the lower eyelid to remove bulging fat pads, which are often cogenital
Transconjunctival blepharoplasty
Use of hot and cold stones in massage or other treatments
Stone massage
Surgery to alter the shape or contours of the breast
Mammoplasty
Form of mechanical exfoliation
Microdermabrasion
A strong peel used to diminish sun damage and wrinkles
Trichloroacetic acid peels(TCA)
A facelift procedure that removes excess fat at the jawline;tightens loose, atrophic muscles; and removes sagging skin
Rhytidectomy
Plastic or reconstructive surgery performed on the nose to change or correct its appearance
Rhinoplasty
Universal life-force energy transmitted through the palms of the hands that helps lift the spirits and provide balance to the whole self:body,mind, and spirit
Reiki
A light-emitting diode for use on clients in the stimulation of circulation and collagen and elastin production
Red light
Defined as restoring a bodily function;necessary surgery for accident survivors and those with cogenital disfigurements or other diseases
Reconstructive surgery
Procedure that does not remove tissue;wrinkle treatment that bypass the epidermis to stimulate collagen in the dermis for wrinkle reduction are nonablative
Nonablative
Carbolic acid; a caustic poison;used for peels and to disinfect metallic implements
Phenol
Used in a device that mimics the body’s natural electrical energy to re-educate and tone facial muscles; improves circulation and increases collagen and elastin production
Microcurrent
Frequency above the range of sound audible to the human ear; vibrations, created through a water medium,help cleanse and exfoliate the skin by removing dead skin cells; also used for product penetration; cellulite reduction; stimulating tissue,increasing blood flow, and promoting oxygenation
Ultrasound
Frequency above the range of sound audible to the human ear;vibrations,created through a water medium,help cleanse and exfoliate the skin by removing dead skin cells; contraindications include epilepsy,pregnancy, and cancerous lesions; synonymous with ultrasound
Ultrasonic
The use of a dermal roller or an eletronic hand piece to induce puncture wounds to the skin that include collagen formation during the wound healing process
Micro needling
A light-emitting diode for use on clients with hyperpigmentation or for detoxifying the skin
Green light
Use of friction and products to exfoliate,hydrate,increase circulation,and nourish the skin
Body scrubs
One of the world’s oldest holistic healing systems; it originated in India and is thought to be as much as 5,000 years old;Ayurveda translates from Sanskrit as “science of health or wellness”
Ayurvedic
Technique of applying pressure to the feet based on a system of zones and areas on the feet that directly correspond to the anatomy of the body;reflexology is also performed on the hands and ears
Foot reflexology
Procedure that removes excessive fat deposits and loose skin from the abdomen to tuck and tighten the area
Abdominoplasty
Abbreviated IPL; a medical device that uses multiple colors and wavelengths (broad spectrum) of focused light to treat spider veins,hyperpigmentation, rosacea and redness,wrinkles,enlarged hair follicles and pores, and excessive hair
Intense pulse light
Dimpling of the skin caused by protrusion of subcutaneous fat; due to an irregularity in distribution of fat in the area,usually found on the thighs,hips,buttocks, and abdomen
Cellulite
Also known as esthetic surgery; elective surgery for improving and altering the appearance
Cosmetic surgery
Light to medium peel of lactic acid,salicylic acid, and resorcinol in an ethanol solvent
Jessner’s peel
A laser procedure utilizing a CO2 or an erbium laser that involves vaporization of the epidermis and/or dermis for facial rejuvenation;used to smooth wrinkles or lighten acne scars and stimulate growth of the new collagen
Laser resurfacing
A plastic surgery procedure that removes excess skin and/or fat in the upper or lower eyelids
Blepharoplasty
Spa treatment that use water
Hydrotherapy
A body treatment involving the application of an exfoliating,hydrating,purification,or detoxification masks to the entire body; masks may include clay,cream,gel,or seaweed bases
Body masks
The colored cells or target in the epidermis or dermis that absorbs a laser beam’s thermal energy,causing the desired injury or destruction of material
Chromophore
Abbreviated LED; a device used to reduce acne,increase skin circulation, and improve the collagen content in the skin
Light-emitting diode
A light-emitting diode for use on clients to improve acne and reduce bacteria
Blue light
Acronym for light amplification stimulation emission of radiation; a medical device that uses electromagnetic radiation for hair removal and skin treatments
Lasers
A surgical procedure used to remove stubborn areas of fat
Liposuction
Wraps that remineralize,hydrate,stimulate, or promote relaxation by using aloe,gels,lotions,oils,seaweed,herbs,clay,or mud
Body wraps
Medical procedure;strong exfoliation method using a mechanical brush to physically remove tissue down to the dermis
Dermabrasion
Body treatments that use mud or fango,Dead sea salt,seaweed,enzymes, or peat baths
Balneotheraphy
Neuromuscular-blocking serum(botulism toxin) that paralyzes nerve cells on the muscle when this serum is injected into it
Botox
Substances used in nonsurgical procedures to fill in or plump up areas of the skin;Botox and dermal fillers are injectables
Injectable fillers
Treatment for cellulite;helps stimulate the reduction of adipose tissue by a vacuum massage that combines a vigorous massage along with suction
Endermology
Abbreviated CRF;also known as cell turnover rate; the rate of cell mitosis and migration from the dermis to the top of the epidermis
Cell renewal factor
Products used to fill lines,wrinkles, and other facial imperfections
Dermal fillers
Also known as eleventh cranial nerve; a type of motor nerve that controls the motion of the neck and shoulder muscles
Accessory nerve
Transport’s chemical energy within cells for metabolism
Adenosine triphosphate(ATP)
Affects the external ear and skin above the temple,up to the top of the skull
Auriculotemporal nerve
Affects the muscles of the upper part of the cheek
Zygomatic nerve
Consists of major and minor muscles extending from the zygomatic bone to the angle of the mouth that elevates the lip,as in laughing
Zygomaticus
The three muscles of the ear that work together to move the ear upward,forward,or backward
Auricularis muscles
Also known as malar bones or cheekbones; bones that form the prominence of the cheeks; the cheekbones
Zygomatic bones
It is the chief motor nerve of the face. It emerges near the lower part of the ear and extends to the muscles of the neck
Facial nerve
Affects the muscles of the mouth
Buccal nerve
Light,spongy bone between the eye sockets that forms part of the nasal cavities
Ethmoid bone
Facial muscle that draws eyebrows down and wrinkles the forehead vertically
Corrugator muscle
Group of organs- including the kidneys, liver,skin,large intestine, and lungs- that purify the body by elimination of waste matter
Excretory system
A branch of the facial nerve that affects the side of the neck and the platysma muscle
Cervical nerves
Sensory motor nerve that,with its branches,supplies impulses to the fingers
Digital nerve
Group of specialized glands that affect the growth development,sexual activities, and health of the entire body
Endocrine system
Also known as endocrine glands;glands that release secretions called hormones directly into the bloodstream
Ductless glands
A group of complex proteins produced by living cells that act as catalysts in specific chemical reactions in the body,such as digestion
Enzymes
Vein located on the side of the neck that carries blood returning to the heart from the head,face, and neck
External jugular vein
Also known as the occipitofrontalis; a broad muscle that covers the top of the skull and includes the occipitalis and frontalis
Epicranius
Chemicals that change certain kinds of food into a form that can be used by the body
Digestive enzymes
Group of specialized glands that affect the growth development,sexual activities, and health of the entire body
Endocrine system
Muscles that draw a body part,such as a finger,arm, or toe,inward toward the median axis of the body or of an extremity. In the hand,Adduction draw the fingers together
Adduction
The thin,flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips,as in when blowing a whistle
Buccinator
Muscles that draw a body part,such as a finger,arm, or toe,away from the midline of the body body or of an extremity. In the hand,abduction separates the fingers
Abduction
Glands that are located at the top of the kidneys assisting in the regulation of metabolism,stress response and blood pressure, and support of immune system health through the generation of specific hormones
Adrenal glands
Also known as ductless glands; release secretions called hormones directly into the bloodstream which in turn influence the welfare of the entire body
Endocrine glands
Capable of being dissolved or liquefied
Soluble
Also known as duct glands; produce a substance that travels through small,tubelike ducts. Sweat and oil glands of the skin belong to his group
Exocrine glands
Larger,triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body
Deltoid
Also known as triangularis muscle; muscle extending alongside the chin that pulls down the corner of the mouth
Depressor anguli oris
A muscle associated with lifting the wings of the nose and upper lip. It is sometimes called the quadratus labii superioris
Levator labii superioris
A muscle associated with smiling
Levator anguli oris
Large,flat,triangular muscle covering the lower back
Latissimus dorsi
Also known as smaller occipital nerve; located at the base of the skull,affects the scalp and muscles behind the ear
Lesser occipital nerve
Gland-like structure found inside lymphatic vessels; filters the lymphatic vessels and helps fight infection
Lymph node
Eating or taking food into the body
Ingestion
The skin and its accessory organs,such as the oil and sweat glands,sensory receptors,hair, and nails
Integumentary system
An organ that contributes to keeping the body in homeostasis by producing chemicals,including hormones,that are passed directly into the bloodstream because the glands have no duct system to travel through
Glands
Front(anterior) portion of the Epicranius; muscle of the scalp that raises the eyebrows,draws the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles across the forehead
Frontails
The Corrugator and procerus muscles; considered an area or region such as between eyebrows, and or on the frontal bone. Not specifically a muscle or a bone
Glabella
A liquid composed of changing components in the interstitial fluid as the fluid is circulating throughout the body,dispersing white blood cells and cell nutrients,such as sugars,fats, and salts,as well as absorbing toxins and waste
Lymph
Vital to the circulatory and immune systems; made up of lymph, lymph nodes,thymus gland,spleen, and lymph vessels that act as an aid to the blood system; the lymphatic and immune systems are closely connected in that they protect the body from disease by developing resistance and destroying disease-causing microorganisms
Lymphatic/ immune system
Also known as palm;consists of five long,slender bones called metacarpal bones
Metacarpus
A cell structure that takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy for the cell, called ATP, adenosine triphosphate
Mitochondria
One of the muscles that coordinate with the temporalis,medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid muscles to open and close the mouth and bring the jaw forward; sometimes referred to as chewing muscles
Masseter
- Chemical process taking place in living organisms whereby the cells are nourished and carry out their activities.(2) The process of changing food into forms the body can use as energy
Metabolism
Also referred to as pregnancy mask; a form of hyperpigmentation that is characterized by bilateral patches of brown pigmentation on the cheeks,jawline,forehead, and upper lip due to hormonal imbalances,such as pregnancy, birth control pills, or hormones replacement therapy
Melasma
Body system that covers,shapes, and supports the skeletal tissue; contracts and moves various parts of the body
Muscular system
Carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands.these transmitted impulses produce movement
Motor nerves
Nerve,smaller than the ulnar and radial nerves, that supplies the arm and hand
Median nerve
Function in sexual reproduction as well as determining male and female sexual characteristics
Ovaries
Fluid within the nucleus of the cell that contains proteins and DNA; determines our genetic makeup
Nucleoplasm
Abbreviated PNS; system of the nerves and ganglia that connects the peripheral parts of the body to the central nervous system; has both sensory and motor nerves
Peripheral nervous system
The scientific study of the structure,function, and pathology of the nervous system
Neurology
Secretes enzyme producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbohydrates, proteins and fats the islet of langerhans cells within the pancreas control insulin and glucagon production
Pancreas
Whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers held together by connective tissue through which impulses are transmitted
Nerves
Body system composed of the brain spinal cord and nerves controls and coordinates all other systems and makes them work efficiently in sync with each other
Nervous system
Regulate blood calcium and phosphorus levels so that the nervous and muscular systems can function properly
Parathyroid glands
Small structures or miniature organs within a cell that have their own function
Organelles
Structures composed of specialized tissues perform specific functions in plants and animals
Organs
Moves food along the digestive tract
Peristalsis
Affects the muscles behind the ear at the base of the skull
Posterior auricular nerve
Study of the functions or activities performed by the body’s structures
Physiology
Colorless jellylike substance in cells contains nutrients such as protein fats carbohydrates mineral salts and water
Protoplasm
Fluid part of the blood and lymph that carries food and secretions to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells
Plasma
A muscle associated with lifting the wings of the nose and upper lip it is sometimes called the Levator labii superioris
Quadratus labii superioris
A gland found in the center of the head the most complex organ of the endocrine system affects almost every physiologic process of the body growth blood pressure contractions during childbirth breast milk production sexual organ functions in both women and men thyroid gland function and the conversion of food into energy( metabolism)
Pituitary gland
A gland located in the brain plays a major role in sexual development sleep and metabolism
Pineal gland
Also known as digits the bones in the fingers three in each finger and two in each thumb totaling 14 bones
Phalanges
Also known as thrombocytes much smaller than red blood cell contribute to the blood clotting process which stops bleeding
Platelets
Broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin responsible for depressing the lower jaw and lip
Platysma
The muscle extending alongside of the neck from the ear to the collarbone; acts to rotate the head from side to side and up and down
Sternocleidomastoid
Muscle that draws the corners of the mouth out and back when grinning
Risorius
Process of inhaling and exhaling; the act of breathing; the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the lungs and within each cell
Respiration
Carry impulses or messages from the sense organs to the brain,where sensations such as touch,cold,heat,sight,hearing,taste, smell,pain, and pressure are experienced; sensory nerve endings called receptors are located close to the surface of the skin
Sensory nerves
Body system consisting of the lungs and air passages; enables breathing,which supplies the body with oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide as a waste product
Respiratory system
Autonomic reaction to a stimulus that involves the movement of an impulse from a sensory receptor along the sensory nerve to the spinal cord. A responsive impulse is sent along a motor neuron to a muscle,causing a reaction( the quick removal of the hand from a hot object). Reflexes do not have to be learned; they are automatic
Reflex
Body system that includes the ovaries,uterine tubes,uterus, and vagina in the female and the testes,prostate gland, men’s area, and urethra in the male. This system performs the function of procreation and passing on the genetic code from one generation to another
Reproductive system
Small vessels that connect the capillaries to the veins; they collect blood from the capillaries and drain it into the veins
Venules
Affects the muscles of the temple,side of the forehead,eyebrow,eyelid, and upper part of the cheek
Temporal nerve
Also known as general circulation; circulation of blood from the heart throughout the body and back again to the heart
Systemic circulation
A gland located in the neck that secretes hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism,heart and digestive functions, muscle control,brain development, and maintenance of bone mass; needs iodine from the diet to function properly
Thyroid gland
Chief sensory nerve of the face; serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that control chewing; consists of three branches: ophthalmic nerve,mandibular nerve, and the maxillary nerve
Trifacial( trigeminal) nerve
Also known as the depressor anguli oris; is the muscle extending alongside the chin that pulls down the corners of the mouth
Triangularis
Muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back stabilizes the scapula and shrugs the shoulders
Trapezius
Male organ that produce the male hormone testosterone
Testes
Temporal muscle; one of the muscles involved in mastication( chewing)
Temporalis muscle
Affects the skin between the eyes and upper side of the nose
Supratrochlear nerve
Affects the skin of the forehead, scalp,eyebrow, and upper eyelid
Supraorbital nerve
Coiled structures attached to hair follicles found in the underarm(axillary) and genital areas; secrete sweat
Apocrine glands
Cells that stimulate collagen production and amino acids that form proteins to aid in healing
Fibroblasts
Glycolipid materials that are a natural part of the skin’s intercellular matrix and barrier function
Ceramides
Hydrating fluids found in the skin; hydrophilic agent with water-binding properties
Hyaluronic acid
Fibrous,connective tissue made from protein; found in the reticular layer of the dermis; gives skin its firmness; topically,a large long- chain molecular protein that lies on the top of the skin and binds water; derived from the placentas of cows or other sources
Collagen
Outermost layer of skin; a thin protective layer with many cells, mechanisms, and nerve endings; is made up of five layers:stratum germinativum,stratum spinosum,stratum granulosum,stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum
Epidermis
White blood cells that have enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites; also respond to allergies
Leukocytes
Tiny grains of pigment( coloring matter) that are produced by melanocytes and deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis and in the papillary layers of the dermis; a protein that determines hair,eye, and skin color; produced as a defense mechanism to protect skin from the sun
Melanin
Lipid substances between corneum cells that protect the cells from water loss and irritation
Intercellular matrix
Caused by an elevation in blood sugar, Glycation is the binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule resulting in the formation of damaged,nonfunctioning structures known as advanced Glycation end products( also known as AGES); Glycation alters protein structures and decreases biological activity
Glycation
Hair follicles and sebaceous follicles are tubelike openings in the epidermis
Follicles
A type of melanin that is dark brown to black in color; people with dark colored skin produce mostly eumelanin; there are two types of melanin; the other type is pheomelanin
Eumelanin
Sweat glands found all over the body with openings on the skin’s surface through pores; not attached to hair follicles; secretions do not produce an offensive odor
Eccrine glands
Protective barrier of the epidermis; the corneum and intercellular matrix protect the surface from irritation and dehydration
Barrier function
Abbreviated EGF; stimulates cells to reproduce and heal
Epidermal growth factor
Redness; capillaries that have been damaged and are now large,or distended, blood vessels; commonly seen with telangiectasia
Couperose
Another name for a stratum corneum cell; hardened,waterproof,protective keratinocytes; these” dead” protein cells are dried out and lack nuclei
Corneocytes
Organelles secreted from keratinocytes,resulting in the formation of an impermeable, lipid containing membrane that serves as a water barrier and required for correct skin barrier function. These bodies release components that are required for skin shedding(desquamation) in the stratum corneum
Lamellar granules
Guard cells of the immune system that sense unrecognized foreign invaders, such as bacteria, and then process these antigens for removal through the lymph system
Langerhans immune cells
Epidermal cells composed of keratin,lipids, and other proteins
Keratinocytes
Large protein molecules and water-binding substances found between the fibers of the dermis; GAGS are polysaccharide protein and sugar complexes; they work to maintain and support collagen and elastin in the cellular spaces, keeping protein fibers in balance
Glycosaminoglycans
Cone- shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fit the hair bulb; papillae are filled with tissue that contains the blood vessels and cells necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment
Hair papillae
Abbreviated as HEV; light emitting from electronic devices,reported to penetrate the skin more deeply than UV rays; damages collagen, hyaluronic acid and elastin
High energy visible light
Hydrolipidic film is an oil-water balance that protects the skin’s surface
Hydrolipidic
Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains fat cells,blood vessels,sudoriferous( sweat) glands,hair follicles,lymph vessels,Arrector pili muscles,sebaceous(oil) glands, and nerve endings
Reticular layer
Chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose and is characterized by flushing(redness), telangiectasis( distended or dilated surface blood vessels), and in some cases, the formation of papules and pustules
Rosacea
Also known as adipose tissue; fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body,contains fat for use as energy, and also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin
Subcutis tissue
Capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger, or distended,blood vessels; commonly called Couperose skin
Telangiectasia
Also known as the spiny layer; layer of the epidermis above the stratum germinativum( basal) layer containing desmosomes, the intercellular connections made of proteins
Stratum spinosum
Also known as granular layer; layer of the epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resemble granules; replaces cells shed from the stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Also known as basal cell layer; active layer of the epidermis above the papillary layer of the dermis; cell mitosis takes place here to produce new epidermal skin cells( responsible for growth)
Stratum germinativum
Also known as hypodermis; subcutaneous adipose(fat) tissue located beneath the dermis; protective cushion; energy storage for the body
Subcutaneous layer
Clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum; thickest on the palms of hands and soles of feet
Stratum lucidum
Also known as horny layer; outermost layer of the epidermis,composed Corneocytes
Stratum corneum
Top layer of the dermis; next to the epidermis
Papillary layer
Also known as burning rays; UVB wavelengths range between 290 and 320 nanometers; UVB rays have shorter,burning wavelengths that are stronger and more damaging than UVA rays; UVB causes burning of the skin as well as tanning,skin aging, and cancer
UVB
Also known as aging rays; longer ranging between 320 and 400 nanometers that penetrate deeper into the skin than UVB; cause genetic damage and cell death; UVA contributes up to 95 percent of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation
UVA radiation
Abbreviated TEWL; water loss caused by evaporation on the skins surface
Transepidermal water loss
Scale used to measure skin’s reaction to the sun.there are six type:type 1 is the fairest, and type 6 is the darkest; all skin falls somewhere on this scale when evaluated on factors such as eye color, skin tone,heritage, and response to UV exposure
Fitzpatrick scale
Dermal scars due to rapid expansion or stretching of connective tissue leaving deep red,pink, or purple linear marks on the skin that gradually fade to light pink or silver over time. They often occur during growth phases in puberty,pregnancy, and weight gain
Striae
A form hyperpigmentation that is characterized by bilateral patches of brown pigmentation on the cheeks,jawline,forehead, and upper lip due to hormonal imbalances such as pregnancy,birth control pills, or hormone replacement therapy
Melasma
High sensitivity of the skin to UV light,usually following exposure or ingestion of certain medications,or chemicals that result in accelerated response of the skin to UV radiation
Photosensitivity
Filtered black light that is used to illuminate skin disorders,fungi,bacterial disorders, and pigmentation
Wood’s lamp
A customary written agreement between the esthetician( salon/spa) and the client for applying a treatment, whether routine or preoperative
Consent form
Factors that prohibit a treatment due to a condition; treatments could cause harmful or negative side effects to those who have specific medical or skin conditions
Contraindications
A system of evaluating the entire individual in an interdisciplinary style,recognizing that body systems work synergistically
Holistically
Condition of abnormal growth of hair,characterized by the growth of terminal hair in areas of the body that normally grow only vellum hair
Hypertrichosis
Visible broken or distended capillaries less than 0.5 mm due to intrinsic or extrinsic causes
Telangiectasia
Brand name: Accutane; a controlled prescription medication derived from vitamin A that is used to treat severe acne that has not responded to other treatments
Isotretinoin
Nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs; over the counter medication used to reduce inflammation,such as ibuprofen
NSAIDs
Skin-aging factors over which we have little control because they are a part of our genetics and familial hereditary
Intrinsic
Abbreviation for trans epidermal water loss; water loss caused by evaporation on the skin’s surface
TEWL
Center area of the face; corresponds to the “T” shape formed by the forehead,nose, and chin
T-zone
Rhytids that develop due to the repeated movement of looking down at a cell phone or other electronic device
“ tech neck”
Manual manipulation of tissue by touching to make an assessment of its condition
Palpation
Classification that describes a person’s genetic skin type
Skin types
Related to hereditary and ancestry of origin
Genetic
Condition pertaining to an excessive growth or cover of hair
Hirsutism
Primarily environmental factors that contribute to aging and the appearance of aging
Extrinsic
Also referred to as décolletétage; pertaining to a woman’s lower neck and chest
Décolleté
Lack of water
Dehydration
Psychological disorder in which the client has a preoccupation with their appearance; they tend to fixate on minor appearance imperfections and see them as disfiguring
Body dysmorphic disorder
