Terms, Signs And Instruments (Part 2)

Question 1

Ornaments

Answer 1

These are ways of decorating notes in a melody. There are many types of ornaments, and each one has a unique shape. These are often written as signs over a note, but they can also be written ‘in full’ to show what they sound like when played.

Question 2

Trill ‘shape’

Answer 2

N/a

Question 3

Upper mordant ‘shape’

Answer 3

N/a

Question 4

Lower mordent ‘shape’

Answer 4

N/a

Question 5

Turn (or upper turn) ‘shape’

Answer 5

N/a

Question 6

Acciaccatura (or grace note) ‘shape’

Answer 6

N/a

Question 7

Appoggiatura ‘shape’

Answer 7

N/a

Question 8

Ornaments

Answer 8

Trill, upper mordent, lower mordent, turn (or upper turn), acciaccatura (or grace note), appoggiatura

Question 9

A niente

Answer 9

To nothing (in dynamics)

Question 10

Morendo

Answer 10

Dying away (in dynamics)

Question 11

Perdendosi

Answer 11

Dying away (in dynamics)

Question 12

Rinforzando (rinf. , rf, rfz)

Answer 12

Reinforcing (in dynamics)

Question 13

Smorzando (smorz.)

Answer 13

Dying away (in dynamics)

Question 14

Sotto voce

Answer 14

In an undertone (literally ‘under the voice’)

Question 15

Largamente

Answer 15

Broadly (in tempo)

Question 16

Cantando

Answer 16

Singing (in expression)

Question 17

Con dolore

Answer 17

With grief (in expression)

Question 18

Con spirito

Answer 18

With spirit (in expression)

Question 19

Doloroso

Answer 19

Sorrowful (in expression)

Question 20

Sonoro

Answer 20

Resonant, with a rich tone (like the word ‘sonorous’) (in expression)

Question 21

Ad libitum (ad lib.)

Answer 21

At choice (in general)

Question 22

Attaca

Answer 22

Go straight on (to the next part of the music) (in general)

Question 23

Quasi

Answer 23

As if, resembling (in general)

Question 24

Langsam/adagio/lento/lent

Answer 24

Slow

Question 25

Lebhaft/vivace

Answer 25

Lively

Question 26

Mässig/moderato/modéré

Answer 26

At a moderate speed

Question 27

Ruhig/tranquillo

Answer 27

Peaceful

Question 28

Schnell/allegro/presto/vite

Answer 28

Fast

Question 29

Traurig/mesto

Answer 29

Sad

Question 30

Ped. * or Ped.______|

Answer 30

Press the right pedal (sustain pedal); release it at * or the vertical line

Question 31

Con pedale

Answer 31

With the right pedal

Question 32

Senza pedale

Answer 32

Without the right pedal

Question 33

Una corda

Answer 33

Press the left pedal

Question 34

Tre corda

Answer 34

Release the left pedal

Question 35

Mano sinistra (m.s.)

Answer 35

With the left hand

Question 36

Mano destra (m.d.)

Answer 36

With the right hand

Question 37

Spread the chord from the bottom sign

Answer 37

N/a