Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical terminology > Terms Pertaining to the body as a whole > Flashcards

Terms Pertaining to the body as a whole Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anabolism

A

process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids. Ana- means up, bol means to cast, and -ism is a process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

catabolism

A

process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released. Cata- means down, bol means to cast, and -ism is a process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cell membrane

A

structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

chromosome

A

rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cytoplasm

A

all the materials that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DNA

A

chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Large proteins are made from smaller protein peices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

genes

A

regions of DNA within each chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

karyotype

A

picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell. The chromosomes are arranged in the numerical order to determine their number and structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

metabolism

A

total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism. Meta- means change, bol means to cast, and -ism means a process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mitochondria

A

structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principle source of energy (miniature “power plants”) for the cell. Catabolism is the process that occurs in mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

nucleus

A

control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

adipose tissue

A

collection of fat cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cartilage

A

flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints. For ex: it surrounds the trachea and forms part of the external ear and nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

epithelial cells

A

skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

histologist

A

specialist in the study of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

larynx

A

“voice box”, located at the upper part of the trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

pharynx

A

throat. The pharynx serves as the common passageway for food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (from the nose to the trachea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

pituitary gland

A

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

thyroid gland

A

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

trachea

A

“wind pipe” (tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ureter

A

one of the two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

urethra

A

tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

uterus

A

the womb. The organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

viscera

A

internal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

abdominal cavity

A

space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and the intestines; also called the abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

cranial cavity

A

space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull. Cranial means pertaining to the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. The diaphragm moves up and down and aids in breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

dorsal (posterior)

A

back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

mediastinum

A

centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

pelvic cavity

A

space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder and reproductive organs.Pelvic means pertaining to the pelvis, composed of the hip bones surrounding the pelvic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

peritoneum

A

double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

pleura

A

double-folded membrane surrounding each lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

pleura cavity

A

space between the pleural layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

spinal cavity

A

space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal cord. Also called the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

thoracic cavity

A

space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

ventral (anterior)

A

front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

hypochondriac

A

right and left upper regions beneath the ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

epigastric

A

middle upper region above the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

lumbar

A

right and left middle regions near the waist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

umbilical

A

central region near the navel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

inguinal

A

right and left lower regions near the groin. Also called the iliac regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

hypogastric

A

middle lower region below the umbilical region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

RUQ

A

right upper quadrant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

LUQ

A

left upper quadrant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

LLQ

A

left lower quadrant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

cervical

A

neck region (C1 TO C7)

49
Q

thoracic

A

chest region (T1 TO T12)

50
Q

lumbar

A

loin (waist) region (L1 TO L5)

51
Q

sacral

A

region of the sacrum (S1 TO S5)

52
Q

coccygeal

A

region of the coccyx (tailbone)

53
Q

vertebra

A

single backbone

54
Q

vertebrae

A

backbones

55
Q

spinal column

A

bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

56
Q

spinal cord

A

nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

57
Q

disk (disc)

A

pad of cartilage between vertebrae

58
Q

anterior (ventral)

A

front surface of the body

59
Q

deep

A

away from the surface

60
Q

distal

A

far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure

61
Q

frontal (coronal) plane

A

vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

62
Q

inferior (caudal)

A

below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body

63
Q

lateral

A

pertaining to the side

64
Q

medial

A

pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body

65
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

back surface of the body

66
Q

prone

A

lying on the belly (facedown, palms down)

67
Q

proximal

A

near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

68
Q

sagittal (lateral) plane

A

lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides. From the Latin sagitta, meaning arrow. As an arrow is shot from a bow it enters the body in the sagittal plane, dividing right from left. The midsagittal plane divides the body into right and left halves

69
Q

superficial

A

on the surface

70
Q

superior (cephalic)

A

above another structure; pertaining to the head

71
Q

supine

A

lying on the back (face up, palms down)

72
Q

transverse (axial) plane

A

horizontal (cross-sectional) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

73
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen
abdominal- the abdomen is the region below the chest containing internal organs (such as the liver, intestines, stomach, and gallbladder)

74
Q

adi/o

A

fat

adipose: the suffix -ose means pertaining to or full of

75
Q

anter/o

A

front

anterior: the suffix -ior means pertaining to

76
Q

bol/o

A 
to cast (throw)
anabolism: the prefix ana- means up. The suffix -ism means process. In this cellular process, proteins are built up (protein synthesis)
77
Q

cervic/o

A

neck ( of the body or the uterus)
cervical: the cervix is the neck of the uterus. The term cervical can mean pertaining to the neck of the body or to the neck (lower part) of the uterus

78
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage (type of connective tissue)

chondroma: benign tumor
chondrosarcoma: malignant tumor. The root sarc indicates that the malignant tumor arises from a type of flesh or connective tissue

79
Q

chrom/o

A

color
chromosomes: these nuclear structures absorb the color of dyes used to stain the cell. The suffix -somes means bodies. Literally, this term means “bodies of color”, because this is how they appeared to researchers who first saw them under the microscope

80
Q

coccyg/o

A

coccyx (tailbone): coccygeal

81
Q

crani/o

A

skull: craniotomy

82
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

cytoplasm: the suffix -plasm means formation

83
Q

dist/o

A

far, distant: distal

84
Q

dors/o

A

back portion of the body: dorsal

85
Q

hist/o

A

tissue: histology

86
Q

ili/o

A

ilium (part of the pelvic bone): iliac

87
Q

inguin/o

A

groin: inguinal

88
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

karyotype: the suffix -type means classification or picture

89
Q

later/o

A

side: later

90
Q

lumb/o

A

lower back (side and back between the ribs and the pelvis): lumbosacral

91
Q

medi/o

A

middle: medial

92
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus : nucleic

93
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis hip region

pelvic:the pelvis includes all the bones that surround the pelvic cavity

94
Q

poster/o

A

back, behind: posterior

95
Q

proxim/o

A

nearest : proximal

96
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum: sacral

97
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh: sarcoma

98
Q

spin/o

A

spine, backbone: spinal

99
Q

thel/o, theli/o

A

nipple
epithelial cell: this cell, originally identified in the skin of the nipples, lies on body surfaces, externally (outside the body) and internally (lining cavities and organs)

100
Q

thorac/o

A

chest: thoracic, thoracotomy

101
Q

trache/o

A

trachea, windpipe: tracheal

102
Q

umbilic/o

A

navel, umbilicus: umbilical

103
Q

ventr/o

A

belly side of the body: ventral

104
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra (e), backbone (s): vertebral

105
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organs: visceral

106
Q

ana-

A

up: anabolic

107
Q

cata-

A

down

catabolism: complex nutrients are broken down into simpler substances and energy is released

108
Q

epi-

A

above: epigastric

109
Q

hypo-

A

below
hypochondriac region: the greeks thought that organs (liver and spleen) in the hypochondriac region of the abdomen were the origin of imaginary illnesses –hence the term hypochondriac, a person with unusual anxiety about his or her health and with symptoms not attribute to any disease process

110
Q

inter-

A

between

intervertebral: a disk (disc) is an intervertebral structure

111
Q

meta-

A

change

metabolism: literally, to cast (bol/o) a change (meta-), meaning the chemical changes (processes) that occur in a cel

112
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to

113
Q

-iac

A

pertaining to

114
Q

-ior

A

pertaining to

115
Q

-ism

A

process, condition

116
Q

-ose

A

pertaining to, full of

117
Q

-plasm

A

formation

118
Q

-somes

A

bodies

119
Q

-type

A

picture, classification

Medical terminology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions