Digestive System

Question 1

absorption

Answer 1

passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

Question 2

amino acids

Answer 2

small building blocks of proteins (like links in a chain), released when proteins are digested

Question 3

amylase

Answer 3

enzyme (-ase) secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch (amyl/o)

Question 4

anus

Answer 4

terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

Question 5

appendix

Answer 5

blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the right lower quadrant). It literally means hanging (pend/o) onto (ap-, which is a form of ad-)

Question 6

bile

Answer 6

digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. it breaks up (emulsifies) large fat gobbles. Bile originally was called gall, probably because it has a bitter taste. It is composed of bile pigments (colored materials), cholesterol, and bile salts.

Question 7

bilirubin

Answer 7

pigment released by the liver in bile

Question 8

bowel

Answer 8

intestine

Question 9

canine teeth

Answer 9

pointed, dog-like teeth (canine means pertaining to dog) next to the incisors. Also called cuspids or eyeteeth

Question 10

cecum

Answer 10

first part of the large intestine

Question 11

colon

Answer 11

portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments

Question 12

common bile ducts

Answer 12

carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. Also called the choledochus

Question 13

defecation

Answer 13

elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus

Question 14

deglutition

Answer 14

swallowing

Question 15

dentin

Answer 15

primary material found in teeth. It is covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root

Question 16

digestion

Answer 16

breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

Question 17

duodenum

Answer 17

first part of the small intestine. Duo=2, den=10; the duodenum measures 12 inches long

Question 18

elimination

Answer 18

act of removal of materials from the body; in the digestive system, the removal of indigestible materials as feces

Question 19

emulsification

Answer 19

physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules , thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.

Question 20

enamel

Answer 20

hard, outermost layer of a tooth

Question 21

enzyme

Answer 21

chemicals that speeds up a reaction between substances. Digestive enzymes break down complex foods to simpler substances. Enzymes are given names that end in -ase

Question 22

esophagus

Answer 22

tube connecting the throat to the stomach. Eso- means inward; phag/o means swallowing

Question 23

fatty acids

Answer 23

substances produced when fats are digested. Fatty acids are a category of lipid

Question 24

feces

Answer 24

solid wastes; stool

Question 25

gallbladder

Answer 25

small sac under the liver; stores bile

Question 26

glucose

Answer 26

simple sugar

Question 27

glycogen

Answer 27

starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells

Question 28

hydrochloric acid

Answer 28

substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food

Question 29

ileum

Answer 29

third part of the small intestine

Question 30

incisor

Answer 30

any one of four front teeth in the dental arch

Question 31

insulin

Answer 31

hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. It transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver

Question 32

jejunum

Answer 32

second part of the small intestine

Question 33

lipase

Answer 33

pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

Question 34

liver

Answer 34

large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen. The liver secretes bile; stores sugar, iron and vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn -out red blood cells; and filters out toxins. The normal adult liver weighs about 2 1/2 to 3 pounds

Question 35

lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

Answer 35

ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach. Also called the cardiac sphincter

Question 36

mastication

Answer 36

chewing

Question 37

molar teeh

Answer 37

6,7, and 8th teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch. Premolar teeth are the 4th and 5th teeth, before the molars

Question 38

palate

Answer 38

roof of the mouth. The hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate and is supported by the upper jawbone (maxilla). The soft palate is the posterior fleshy part between the mouth and the throat

Question 39

pancreas

Answer 39

organ under the stomach; produces insulin (for transport of sugar into cells) and enzymes (for digestion of foods)

Question 40

papillae (sing. papilla)

Answer 40

small elevations on the tongue. A papilla is a nipple-like elevation

Question 41

parotid gland

Answer 41

salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear.