Male Reproductive System Flashcards
bulbourethral glands
pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra. They secrete fluid into the urethra. Also called the cowper glands
ejaculation
ejection of sperm and fluid from the male urethra
ejaculatory duct
tubes through which semen enters the male urethra
epididymis (plural : epididymides)
one of a pair of long, tightly coiled tubes above each testis. it stores and carries sperm from seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens
erectile dysfunction
inability of an adult male to achieve an erection, impotent
flagellum
hair-like projections on a sperm cell that makes it motile (able to move)
fraternal twins
two infants resulting from fertilization of two separate ova by two separate sperm cells
glans penis
sensitive tip of the penis; comparable to the clitoris in the female
identical twins
two infants resulting from division of one fertilized egg into two distinct embryos. Conjoined (Siamese) twins are incompletely separated identical twins
interstitial cells of the testes
specialized cells that lie adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testes. These cells produce testosterone and are also called Leydig cells
parenchymal tissue
essential distinctive cells of an organ. In the testis, the seminiferous tubules that produce sperm are parenchymal
penis
male external organ of reproduction
perineum
external region between the anus and scrotum in the male
prepuce
foreskin; fold of skin covering the tip of penis
prostate gland
exocrine gland at the base of the male urinary bladder. The prostate secretes one of the fluid parts of semen into the urethra during ejaculation
scrotum
external sac that contains the testes
semen
spermatozoa (sperm cells) and seminal fluid (prostatic and seminal vesicle secretions), discharged from the urethra during ejaculation
seminal vesicles
paired sac-like exocrine glands that secrete fluid (a major component of semen) into the vas deferens
seminiferous tubules
narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in testes
spermatozoon (plural: spermatozoa)
sperm cell
sterilization
procedure that removes a person’s ability to produce or release reproductive cells; removal of testicles, vasectomy, and oophorectomy are sterilization procedures
stromal tissue
supportive, connective tissue of an organ, as distinguished from its parenchyma. Also called stroma
testis (plural: testes)
male gonad (testicle) that produces spermatozoa and the hormone testosterone.
testosterone
hormone secreted by the interstitial tissue of the testes; responsible for male sex charcteristics
vas deferens
narrow tube (one on each side) carrying sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra. Also called ductus deferens
andr/o
male
androgen: testosterone is an androgen. The testes in males and the adrenal glands in both men and women produce androgens
balan/o
glans penis
balanitis: an inflammation usually caused by overgrowth of organisms (bacteria and yeast)
cry/o
cold
cryogenic surgery : technique for prostate cancer treatment using freezing temperatures to destroy cancer cells
crypt/o
hidden
cryptorchidism: in this congenital condition, one or both testicles do not descend, by the time of birth, into the scrotal sac from the abdominal cavity
epididym/o
epididymis
epididymitis: this is an inflammation usually caused by bacteria. Signs and symptoms are fevers, chills, pain in the groin and tender, swollen epididymis
gon/o
seed
gonorrhea
hydr/o
water, fluid
hydrocele
orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o
testis, testicle
orchiectomy: castration in males
pen/o
penis
penile: -ile means pertaining to
penoscrotal
prostat/o
prostate gland (E.coli) prostatitis: often is associated with urethritis and infection of the lower urinary tract
prostatectomy
semin/i
semen, seed
seminiferous tubules: the suffix -ferous means pertaining to bearing, or bearing or carrying
sperm/o, spermat/o
spermatozoa, semen
spermolytic: noun suffixes ending in -sis, like -lysis, form adjectives by dropping the -sis and adding -tic
oligospermia
aspermia: lack of semen (sperm and fluid). one cause of aspermia is retrograde ejaculation (sperm flows backward into the urinary bladder) as a result of prostate surgery
terat/o
monster
teratoma: this tumor occurs in the testes or ovaries and is composed of different types of tissue, such as bone, hair, cartilage, and skin cells. Teratomas in the testes are malignant
test/o
testis, testicle
testicular
varic/o
varicose veins
varicocele: a collection of varicose (swollen, twisted) veins above the testis
vas/o
vessek, duct, vas deferens
vasectomy
zo/o
animal life
azoospermia: lack of spermatozoa in the semen, Causes include testicular dysfunction, chemotherapy, blockage of the epididymis and vasectomy
-genesis
formation
spermatogenesis
-one
hormone
testosterone: ster/o indicates that this is a type of steroid compound. Examples of other steroid are estrogen, cortisol, and progesterone
-pexy
fixation, put in place
orchiopexy: a surgical procedure to correct cryptorchidism
-stomy
new opening
vasovasostomy: reversal of vasectomy; a urologist rejoins the cut ends of the vas deferens
carcinoma of the testes (testicular cancer)
malignant tumor of the testicles
cryptorchidism; cryptorchism
undescended testicles
hydrocele
sac of clear fluid in the scrotum
testicular torsion
twisting of the spermatic cord
varicocele
enlarged, dilated veins near the testicles
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
benign growth of cells within the prostate gland
carcinoma of the prostate (prostate cancer)
malignant tumor (adenocarcinoma) of the prostate gland
hypospadias
congenital abnormality in which the male urethra opening is on the undersurface of the penis,instead of at its tip
phimosis
narrowing (stricture) of the opening of the prepuce over the glans penis
chlamydial infection
bacterial invasion (by chlamydia trachoma tis) of the urethra and reproductive tract
gonorrhea
inflammation of the genital tract mucosa, caused by infection with gonococci (berry shaped bacteria)
herpes genitalis
infection of skin and genital mucosa, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV)
human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
infection of the skin and mucous membranes in the anogenital region by the human papillomavirus
syphilis
chronic STD caused by a spirochete (spiral shaped bacterium)
PSA test
measurement of levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood
semen analysis
microscopic examination of ejaculated fluid
castration
surgical excision of testicles or ovaries
circumcision
surgical procedure to remove the prepuce of the penis
digital rectum examination (DRE)
finger palpation through the anal canal and rectum to examine the prostate gland
photoselective vaporization of the prostate (Greenlight PVP)
removal of tissue to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using a green light laser (laser TURP)
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
excision of benign prostatic hyperplasia using a resectoscope through the urethra
vasectomy
bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas deferens
BPH
benign prostatic hyperplasia (also called benign prostatic hypertrophy)
DRE
digital rectum examination
ED
erectile dysfunction
GU
genitourinary
HPV
human papillomavirus
HSV
herpes simplex virus
NSU
nonspecific urethritis (not de to gonorrhea or chlamydial infection)
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
PIN
prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia; a precursor of prostate cancer
PSA
prostate-specific antigen
PVP
photoselective vaporization of the prostate (Greenlight PVP)
RPR
rapid plasma reagin (test); a test for syphilis
STD
sexually transmitted disease
STI
sexually transmitted infection
TRUS
transrectal ultrasound (examination); a test to assess the prostate and guide precise placement of a biopsy needle
TUIP
transurethral incision of the prostate; successful in less enlarged prostates and less invasive than TURP
TUMT
transurethral microwave thermotherapy
TUNA
transurethral needle ablation; radio frequency energy destroys prostate tissue
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate
