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Medical terminology > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

bulbourethral glands

A

pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra. They secrete fluid into the urethra. Also called the cowper glands

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2
Q

ejaculation

A

ejection of sperm and fluid from the male urethra

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3
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

tubes through which semen enters the male urethra

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4
Q

epididymis (plural : epididymides)

A

one of a pair of long, tightly coiled tubes above each testis. it stores and carries sperm from seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens

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5
Q

erectile dysfunction

A

inability of an adult male to achieve an erection, impotent

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6
Q

flagellum

A

hair-like projections on a sperm cell that makes it motile (able to move)

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7
Q

fraternal twins

A

two infants resulting from fertilization of two separate ova by two separate sperm cells

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8
Q

glans penis

A

sensitive tip of the penis; comparable to the clitoris in the female

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9
Q

identical twins

A

two infants resulting from division of one fertilized egg into two distinct embryos. Conjoined (Siamese) twins are incompletely separated identical twins

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10
Q

interstitial cells of the testes

A

specialized cells that lie adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testes. These cells produce testosterone and are also called Leydig cells

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11
Q

parenchymal tissue

A

essential distinctive cells of an organ. In the testis, the seminiferous tubules that produce sperm are parenchymal

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12
Q

penis

A

male external organ of reproduction

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13
Q

perineum

A

external region between the anus and scrotum in the male

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14
Q

prepuce

A

foreskin; fold of skin covering the tip of penis

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15
Q

prostate gland

A

exocrine gland at the base of the male urinary bladder. The prostate secretes one of the fluid parts of semen into the urethra during ejaculation

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16
Q

scrotum

A

external sac that contains the testes

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17
Q

semen

A

spermatozoa (sperm cells) and seminal fluid (prostatic and seminal vesicle secretions), discharged from the urethra during ejaculation

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18
Q

seminal vesicles

A

paired sac-like exocrine glands that secrete fluid (a major component of semen) into the vas deferens

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19
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in testes

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20
Q

spermatozoon (plural: spermatozoa)

A

sperm cell

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21
Q

sterilization

A

procedure that removes a person’s ability to produce or release reproductive cells; removal of testicles, vasectomy, and oophorectomy are sterilization procedures

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22
Q

stromal tissue

A

supportive, connective tissue of an organ, as distinguished from its parenchyma. Also called stroma

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23
Q

testis (plural: testes)

A

male gonad (testicle) that produces spermatozoa and the hormone testosterone.

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24
Q

testosterone

A

hormone secreted by the interstitial tissue of the testes; responsible for male sex charcteristics

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25
Q

vas deferens

A

narrow tube (one on each side) carrying sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra. Also called ductus deferens

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26
Q

andr/o

A

male
androgen: testosterone is an androgen. The testes in males and the adrenal glands in both men and women produce androgens

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27
Q

balan/o

A

glans penis

balanitis: an inflammation usually caused by overgrowth of organisms (bacteria and yeast)

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28
Q

cry/o

A

cold

cryogenic surgery : technique for prostate cancer treatment using freezing temperatures to destroy cancer cells

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29
Q

crypt/o

A

hidden
cryptorchidism: in this congenital condition, one or both testicles do not descend, by the time of birth, into the scrotal sac from the abdominal cavity

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30
Q

epididym/o

A

epididymis
epididymitis: this is an inflammation usually caused by bacteria. Signs and symptoms are fevers, chills, pain in the groin and tender, swollen epididymis

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31
Q

gon/o

A

seed

gonorrhea

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32
Q

hydr/o

A

water, fluid

hydrocele

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33
Q

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o

A

testis, testicle

orchiectomy: castration in males

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34
Q

pen/o

A

penis
penile: -ile means pertaining to
penoscrotal

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35
Q

prostat/o

A 
prostate gland (E.coli) 
prostatitis: often is associated with urethritis and infection of the lower urinary tract

prostatectomy

36
Q

semin/i

A

semen, seed

seminiferous tubules: the suffix -ferous means pertaining to bearing, or bearing or carrying

37
Q

sperm/o, spermat/o

A

spermatozoa, semen

spermolytic: noun suffixes ending in -sis, like -lysis, form adjectives by dropping the -sis and adding -tic

oligospermia

aspermia: lack of semen (sperm and fluid). one cause of aspermia is retrograde ejaculation (sperm flows backward into the urinary bladder) as a result of prostate surgery

38
Q

terat/o

A

monster
teratoma: this tumor occurs in the testes or ovaries and is composed of different types of tissue, such as bone, hair, cartilage, and skin cells. Teratomas in the testes are malignant

39
Q

test/o

A

testis, testicle

testicular

40
Q

varic/o

A

varicose veins

varicocele: a collection of varicose (swollen, twisted) veins above the testis

41
Q

vas/o

A

vessek, duct, vas deferens

vasectomy

42
Q

zo/o

A

animal life
azoospermia: lack of spermatozoa in the semen, Causes include testicular dysfunction, chemotherapy, blockage of the epididymis and vasectomy

43
Q

-genesis

A

formation

spermatogenesis

44
Q

-one

A

hormone
testosterone: ster/o indicates that this is a type of steroid compound. Examples of other steroid are estrogen, cortisol, and progesterone

45
Q

-pexy

A

fixation, put in place

orchiopexy: a surgical procedure to correct cryptorchidism

46
Q

-stomy

A

new opening

vasovasostomy: reversal of vasectomy; a urologist rejoins the cut ends of the vas deferens

47
Q

carcinoma of the testes (testicular cancer)

A

malignant tumor of the testicles

48
Q

cryptorchidism; cryptorchism

A

undescended testicles

49
Q

hydrocele

A

sac of clear fluid in the scrotum

50
Q

testicular torsion

A

twisting of the spermatic cord

51
Q

varicocele

A

enlarged, dilated veins near the testicles

52
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A

benign growth of cells within the prostate gland

53
Q

carcinoma of the prostate (prostate cancer)

A

malignant tumor (adenocarcinoma) of the prostate gland

54
Q

hypospadias

A

congenital abnormality in which the male urethra opening is on the undersurface of the penis,instead of at its tip

55
Q

phimosis

A

narrowing (stricture) of the opening of the prepuce over the glans penis

56
Q

chlamydial infection

A

bacterial invasion (by chlamydia trachoma tis) of the urethra and reproductive tract

57
Q

gonorrhea

A

inflammation of the genital tract mucosa, caused by infection with gonococci (berry shaped bacteria)

58
Q

herpes genitalis

A

infection of skin and genital mucosa, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV)

59
Q

human papillomavirus (HPV) infection

A

infection of the skin and mucous membranes in the anogenital region by the human papillomavirus

60
Q

syphilis

A

chronic STD caused by a spirochete (spiral shaped bacterium)

61
Q

PSA test

A

measurement of levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood

62
Q

semen analysis

A

microscopic examination of ejaculated fluid

63
Q

castration

A

surgical excision of testicles or ovaries

64
Q

circumcision

A

surgical procedure to remove the prepuce of the penis

65
Q

digital rectum examination (DRE)

A

finger palpation through the anal canal and rectum to examine the prostate gland

66
Q

photoselective vaporization of the prostate (Greenlight PVP)

A

removal of tissue to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using a green light laser (laser TURP)

67
Q

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

A

excision of benign prostatic hyperplasia using a resectoscope through the urethra

68
Q

vasectomy

A

bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas deferens

69
Q

BPH

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia (also called benign prostatic hypertrophy)

70
Q

DRE

A

digital rectum examination

71
Q

ED

A

erectile dysfunction

72
Q

GU

A

genitourinary

73
Q

HPV

A

human papillomavirus

74
Q

HSV

A

herpes simplex virus

75
Q

NSU

A

nonspecific urethritis (not de to gonorrhea or chlamydial infection)

76
Q

PID

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

77
Q

PIN

A

prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia; a precursor of prostate cancer

78
Q

PSA

A

prostate-specific antigen

79
Q

PVP

A

photoselective vaporization of the prostate (Greenlight PVP)

80
Q

RPR

A

rapid plasma reagin (test); a test for syphilis

81
Q

STD

A

sexually transmitted disease

82
Q

STI

A

sexually transmitted infection

83
Q

TRUS

A

transrectal ultrasound (examination); a test to assess the prostate and guide precise placement of a biopsy needle

84
Q

TUIP

A

transurethral incision of the prostate; successful in less enlarged prostates and less invasive than TURP

85
Q

TUMT

A

transurethral microwave thermotherapy

86
Q

TUNA

A

transurethral needle ablation; radio frequency energy destroys prostate tissue

87
Q

TURP

A

transurethral resection of the prostate

Medical terminology (8 decks)

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