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CPY IWS UNIT 22022 > Terms, Glossary - Central and Southern Italy > Flashcards

Terms, Glossary - Central and Southern Italy Flashcards

1
Q

What are three grape variety grown in Sardegna today that were brought to the island from Spain?

A
  • Cannonau
  • Carignano
  • Bovale
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2
Q

Describe “Alberata Aversa”.

A

Asprinio vines including very old ungrafted pre-phylloxera vines are trained very high using poplar and elm trees as support.

This system allows the vines to grow vertically forming an astronishing wall of grape canopy that extends 33-50 ft/10-15 m or more above the ground.

During harvest, pickers have to climb special laddders to harvest the grapes.

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3
Q

“Lacrima”

A

Means “Teardrop”

The name refers to the fact that the grarpe skins break easilywhen the berries are fully ripe releasing small “tears” of juice

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4
Q

“Coltura promiscua”

A

Grape vines planted, instersperssed with other crops

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5
Q

What is “Cantucci”?

A

The local Tuscan speciality, Cantucci, is a type of hard, almond cookie.

In this classic Tuscan tradition, the Cantucci are dunked into the Vin Santo resulting in a cloudy glass of wine and soaked crumbs.

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6
Q

“Citta Regia”

A

A city with special rights

During the Middle Ages, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II designated the town of Jesi with “citta regia” as he took special interest in the town he was born in 1194.

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7
Q

What are “caratelli”?

A

Old barrels into which the dense sugary must is placed for slow maturation and long maturation to take place for Vin Santo wines.

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8
Q

Describe the follwoing soil types:

  1. Tufo/Tuff
  2. Tuffeau
  3. Tufa
A
  1. Tufo/tuff: Soft porous volcanic rock formed by rejected volicanic material and ash that solidified and cemented over time
  2. Tuffeau: Type of marine limestone soil typically found in France’s central Loire Valley
  3. Tufa: Another type of limestone rock, but it is formed by calcium carbonate precipitates as opposed to marine skeletons
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9
Q

Barco Reale di Carmignano DOC(1) includes crisp rosato. What term is used locally for this rosato wine?

A

Vin Ruspo

The rosato made from the same grapes with the same proportions as the two red wines and is often made by salasso (bleeding the tank).

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10
Q

What is Trebbiano Toscana known in France?

A

Ugni Blanc (largely distilled to produce base wine for cognanc).

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11
Q

List the following people in historical order, the earliest first :

  • Carthaginians
  • Kingdom of Italy
  • Nuragic
  • Phoenicians
  • The Piemontese House of Savoy
  • Roman Empire
  • Spanish Kingdom of Aragon (Kingdom of Sardegna)
    *
A
  1. Native Nuragic
  2. Phoenicians (between 9th and 8th century BC - among the fist outsiders)
  3. Carthaginians (6th century BC)
  4. Roman (3rd century BC)
  5. Kingdom os Sardegna (the Pope placed it under the Spanish Kingdom of Aragon) (at the end of 13th century)
  6. The Piemontese House of Savoy (1718)
  7. The Kingdom of Italy (1861)
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12
Q

What was “vino all’uso di Chianti”?

A

“Wine in the style of Chianti”

Between the late 19th century and early 20th centuries, the demand for the wines of Chianti exceeded supply. This was partly due to the general shortage caused by the ravages of phyllozera in France.

Wines produced in the same grapes and and in the same manner as Chianti Storico were made outside the historic Chianti area and sold as Chianti or identified as “vino all’uso di Chianti”.

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13
Q

Which wine is associated with British merchant Benjamin Ingham and Florio, Sicilian entrepreneur?

A

Marsala

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14
Q

How did Marche name derive from?

A

It stems from a German word for “border”, “Marca”.

During German the rule of German Holy Roman Emperors, where the territories of the modern day Marche were considered the border of Holy Roman Empire in that part of central Italy.

The region acquired its current plural name in 1815 because of its historical sub-division into multiple marcas.

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15
Q

True or False

Bolgheri has hot summer and cold winter, typical of continental climate.

A

False

The Mediterranean influenced climate is more temperate and warmer than inland hills.

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16
Q

What is “Cerasuolo” derived from?

A

Cerasuolo is the local and traditional name for rose wine in Abruzzo.

The name is derived from the typical cherry (cerasa) color of the rosato itself.

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17
Q

What is “Vin Ruspo”?

A

The word derives from a local dialect “ruspare” in Toscanam meaning “to draw off”.

In the days of the mezzadria, it was common for the farmers to draw off (ruspare) one or two demijohns of fresh must before deliverying the balance to the landowner.

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18
Q

What was “Krimisa”?

A

One of the most famous wines produced in Calabria during the Greek period.

Krimisa was the wine given as a reward to the winners of the ancient Olympic Games.

The name Krimisa is believed to derive from the ancient Greek colony, Cremissa.

It corresponds to the modern day town of Ciro Marina.

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19
Q

What is “Galestro”?

List three areas related.

A

A metamorphic rock found in the central part of Toscana, particularly in the area of Chanti Classico, Rufina and Montalcino.

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20
Q

What is “Nuraghi”?

A

A nuraghe (nuraghi is the plural) is an ancient stone building consisting of a conical trunk. They are unique among megaliths and representative of the Nuragic civilization. They have become an intrinsic part of the landscape and a symbol of Sardinian culture.

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21
Q

What is “lacustrine”?

A

Relating or assciated with lakes.

i.e. lacstrine depoists left by the previous presence of a lake e.g. Lake Tiberino in Umbria

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22
Q

List top three wine regions with most DOCGs.

A
  1. Piemonte
  2. Veneto
  3. Toscana
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23
Q

“Cerasuolo” of Cerasuolo di Vittoria derives from what word?

A

It is from the word Cherry.

“Ceresa” in Sicilian.

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24
Q

What is “Ferrovia del Vino” referring to?

A

Meaning the Wine Railroad, significant amount of Aglinicao were shipped to French and Italian wine growing regions that were grappling with phylloxera between the end of 19th centure and first part of 20th century by the railroad from Irpinia routed through villages of Irpinia, Taurasi and Lapio.

The grapes were shipped to Avellino before being shipped to its final destination.

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25
Q

What is the pink version of Vin Santo called and what grape it is based on in Vin Santo di Carmignano DOC(!)?

A

Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice

Sangiovese

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26
Q

What are ageing requirements for Vin Santo di Carmignano DOC(!) and Riserva version?

A
  • Air dried for four to six months
  • Aged minimum of three years
  • Riserva: Minimum of four years
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27
Q

What is “Bottarga”?

A

Bottaga is a Sardinian delicacy of salted cured fish roe from flathead grey mullet.

The area around the Pond of Cabras (located within the winegrowing area of Vernaccia di Oristano) produces some of the best Sardinian bottarga.

Vernaccia di Oristano is considered one of the best wines to pair with intensely flavored bottarga-based dishes.

Also Masala paris particularly well with bottarga.

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28
Q

What is “Vino da taglio”?

A

Bulk blending wine

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29
Q

What is “Madre”?

A

A thick deposit of wine soaked lees and yeast cells in the bottom where caratello is racked for Vin Santo wines.

Traditionally the newly pressed grape juice will be put into the caratello along with the madre from the previouis fermentation.

Ove the years, the madre will contain a coomplex blend of older Vin Santo, yeast cells and lees.

The quality and the character of the final Vin Santo is then very much dependent on the quality of the madre.

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30
Q

“Pulciannella”

A

Straw covered flask the traditional Orvieto wine was sold in.

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31
Q

Gallo Nero, what is it?

A

The Gallo Nero (Black Rooster) was the historic symbol of the League of Chianti and has become the symbol of the wines of Chianti Classico.

The black rooster is linked to a medieval legend that takes palce during the time of open hostilities between Firenze and Siena for control of the Chianti Territory.

32
Q

“I Trulli”

A

Small round white houses with conical rooves.

Traditionally the trulli were built as shelters or permanent homes for farmers.

In rural areas the trulli are often surrounded by olives and small vineyards, delimited by low, dry stone walls.

33
Q

What is “Stenditoi”?

A

It is open air spots often enclosed by stone walls to place Zibibbo grapes on graticci for making Passito di Pantelleria

34
Q

What is “Alberese”?

Name the area related.

A

A fine-grained calcaresous marl found in the central and southern part of Toscana, particularly in Chianti Classcio.

35
Q

“Visciola”

A

This is an aromatized red Vernaccia di Pergola (Aleatico) or Montepulciano ancient and traditional wine speciality using visciole, a variety of local, wild cherries in the Norhtern Marche.

36
Q

Explain “Governo”.

A

Traditional Tuscan practice whereby a small portion of grapes was left to desiccate then used to start a second fermentation within the newly made wine. This practice provided more body and alcohol to the new winewhile making it softer and more approachable. The governo also encouraged the onset of malolactic fermentation.

Synonyms: governo all’uso toscano, governo toscano or governo alla toscana.

37
Q

List top three wine regions with most DOCs/DOCGs.

A
  1. Piemonte
  2. Toscana
  3. Veneto
38
Q

Which area is referred to as “il cuore verde d;Italia” (“the green heart of Italy”)?

A

Umbria

39
Q

“Salasso”

A

For rosato production, it is “bleeding the tank”.

Puglia’s rosatos are made by direct pressing and/or salasso with the principal variety used in Salento as Negro Amaro while Bombino Nero is more commonly used in northern and central Puglia.

40
Q

What was “Chianti Classcio 2000” project about?

A

Collaboration of Consorzio of Chianti Classico with University of Pisa and Firenze, it was instrumental in developing high quality clones that were subsequently adopted throughout Tuscana.

Initially Sangeovese focused, the research cotninues with Colorino, Canaiolo and Malvasia Nero today.

41
Q

This DOC is considered to be most important appellation for the production of varietal Primitivo.

This appellation competes with the Salice Salento DOC to be Puglia’s largest and most productive.

A

Primitivo di Manduria DOC (!)

42
Q

What is the difference between Chianti Classcio DOCG (!) and Chianti DOCG(!) wines?

A

Chianti Classico DOCG (!) wines are produced within the historic region, Chianti Storico, the original geographic zone of producion delineated in the 14th century between Firenze and Sienna.

Chianti DOCG(!) has a Chianti desingaion that is the result of a 1930’s expansion of the vineyeards on land around the geographic Chianti Storico. Today wines produced in the expanded Chianti fall within the Chianti DOCG(!).

The two DOCGs are considered two totally different appellations and so are their wines.

43
Q

True or False

Vin Santo di Carmignano DOC(!) is only for sweet wine.

A

False

The Vin Santo can range from dry to sweet.

44
Q

“Castrum”

A

An acinent Roman military fortification e.g. Torgiano in Umnbria

45
Q

What two grapes are used for Vin Santo di Carmignano DOC(!)?

A
  1. Trebbiano
  2. Malvasia
46
Q

What was “Mezzadria”?

A

Share cropping system in effect in Toscan and other parts since the Middle Ages. It was abolished by the Italian government in 1960s.

47
Q

What does “sulfurei” refer to?

A

In Italy, the wines of the Greco di Tufo DOCG(!) are often said to display a certain flinty-smoky note on the nose.

Some associate this specific character to the high level in sulfur in the soils.

48
Q

List “Appassimento” process for Vin Santo production.

A
  1. Haelthy ripe grapes are picked and left to dry on racks or straw mats in specific well aerated rooms such as lofts The ensuing desiccation results in concentrated sugar.
  2. Usually grapes are left to dry at least until December but can go as late as March.
  3. Once the grapes have reached desired sugar level, they are pressed.
  4. The dense and sugarly must is then placed into old barrrels known as “caratelli” vary in size although 50 litres is the most common. Then slow fermentation and maturation take place. They are made of chestnut, oak, acacia, juniper, or cherry and typically filled to 4/5’s of their total volume.
  5. The caratelli are traditionally located in non-temperature controlled storage rooms or lofts called “vinsantaie” wher they are subject to seasonal temperature fluctuations.
  6. The minimum ageing period (usually between two or three years) varies by DOC.
49
Q

“Lagrimas” (in the 19th century)

A

Rosatos referred to as “Lagrimas” were highly appreciated in Puglia, particularly in Salento but were principally produced for family consumption.

The producers began to commercially produce Rosatos by the end of 19th century in bulk

50
Q

What are the followings:

  • Val di Mazara
  • Val di Noto
  • Val Demone
A

Val di Mazara (western Sicily), Val di Noto (southeast Sicily) and Val Demone (northeast Sicily) were three major administrative districts divided the island by the Arabs were official until the early 19th century.

The wines of Sicily are often referenced by them.

51
Q

List three top wine regions with most DOCs.

A
  1. Piemonte
  2. Toscana
  3. Veneto
52
Q

What are the top five grape varieties in Toscana by area?

A
  1. Sangiovese (61%)
  2. Merlot (8%)
  3. Cabernet Sauvignon (6%)
  4. Trebbiano Toscano (6%)
  5. Vermentino (2%)
53
Q

What are “contrade”?

A

In Sicilia, the “contrade” (plural of contrada) are small geographic sub-divisions within municipal territories, sort of hamlets or neighborhoods.

Historically the vineyards of Sicilia were and still are identified by contrada (rather than by vineyard names).

Only appellation to officially incorporate the use of the contrade on wine labels is Etna DOC.

54
Q

What four names estates in Toscana named?

A
  1. Podere (farm)
  2. Poggio (knoll)
  3. Castello (castle)
  4. Fattoria (farm)
55
Q

“Vino Perpetuo (or perpetuum)”

A

A solera system Sicilian wine, John Woodhouse later invest in production for sale in England. The wine was renamed to Marsala.

56
Q

“Macigno”

A

Sandstone

Locally known as “macigno” in Chinati Classico area.

57
Q

Dolce Naturale

Liquorosso Dolce Naturale

A

The wines produced in Aleatico di Pugila DOC must carry the designation of its unfortified and fortified (liquorosso) dessert wines.

58
Q

Which place is considered to have the best black truffles in Umbria?

A

Norcia

59
Q

“Galestro”

A

A metamorphic rock that is crumbly, clayey and schist-like with sharp edges and a tendency to flake.

It is typically found in certain areas of Toscana (e.g. Chainti Classico and Montalcino).

60
Q

“Alberese”

A

A fine-grained clacareous marl typical of cetain areas of Toscana (e.g. Chianti Classico)

61
Q

What are the minimum requirements for Primitivo di Manduria Riserva DOC for alcohol content and ageing?

A
  • Min 14 % abv
  • Min Two years with min of 9 months in wood

Both minimum requirements equal to Riserva version of Gioia del Colle Primitivo

62
Q

What is the minimum percentage of Primitivo in Primitivo di Manduria DOC and its minimum alcohol level?

A

Minimum of 85% Primitivo

Minimum 13.5% abv

63
Q

“Olive all’Ascolana”

What is it and where?

A

Olive all’Ascolana is a speciality of the Ascoli Piceno provimce.

Olives are stuffed with meat and parmesan cheese. then breaded and fried.

64
Q

What are climatic conditions in Chianti Classico area?

A

Continental with moderate Mediterranean influences.

Altitude plays the principal role in shaping the wines’ character as it provides cooler conditions and marked diurnal temperature swings.

65
Q

True or False

Southern Puglia corresponds to Salento Peninsula (the heel), a large land sandwiched between the Adriatic Sea and the Ionian Sea.

A

True

66
Q

“Cordone Speronato”

A

“Spur-pruined cordon”

67
Q

“Karst” (Carsico in Italian) Topography?

A

Form of topography shaped by the dissolution and erosion of rocks such as limestone.

The landscape is characterized by caves, sinkholes, subterranean streams and underground passages.

68
Q

What does “Coltura Promiscua” mean?

A

Mixed crop cultivation

Grapevines were planted alongside fruit trees, nut trees, grains, and other fruits and vegetables.

This common and widespread practice prevented the adoption of more organized viticulture.

69
Q

“Pecora”, Italian word for sheep is said to have derived a white grape variety. Why?

A

Pecorino’s traditional growing area, Monti Siillini was historically knwon for sheep farming.

It is also called “Uva Perorina” or “Uva delle Pecore”, from the Italian word for sheep, “Pecora”

70
Q

“Alberata” (or vinte maritata all’albero)

A

Traditional training system using a tree to support vines.

71
Q

What is “Apianum” that may appear on this DOCG wine?

A

It is the ancient Latin name of Fiano.

72
Q

“Marsala Speciali”

A

Flavoured Masala - mixed with a host of different food stuffs - fruits, nuts, spices, chocolate and egg.

This was the producers effort to stop declining sales after the World War II but it turned Marsala into a cooking ingredient and seriously damaged the reputation of Marsala.

73
Q

What is the name of storage rooms or lofts where “caratello” are placed for Vin Santo wines?

A

“Vinsantaie”

74
Q

“Lacrima” (teardrop) - Drip processing for Rosato

A

Apulian producers adopted this Greek system whereby red grapes were harvested and placed in bags then subjected to very delicate pressing.

This minimized skin contact and allowed for the collection of delicate, fragrant “tears” of juice.

75
Q

What is “Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice”?

A

“Parridge Eye”

A rare pink Vin Santo made from red grape, usually Sangiovese.

76
Q

What is most likely theory of where the name “Vin Santo” originated from?

A

Like the fact that the grapes were traditionally pressed and fermented during Holy Week (around November 1).

CPY IWS UNIT 22022 (24 decks)

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