Terms/Definitions- Epithelia

Question 1

Cytoplasm

Answer 1

area between the cell membrane and the nucleus; varies in composition of water, protein, carbohydrates and salts.

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

area where DNA is transcribed, RNA is synthesized

Question 3

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 3

receives protein containing transport vesicles from rER on the convex surface and releases secretory vesicles from the concave surface

Question 4

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 4

forms an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs (cisternae); membranes of the ER are continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope

Question 5

Lysosomes

Answer 5

membrane bound structures containing hydrolytic enzymes which help remove debris, spent organelles, and other substances

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

produce ATP, signalling, cellular differentiation, cell death, control of cell cycle and cell growth

Question 7

Cytoskeleton

Answer 7

microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules that provide structure for cell shape and movement

Question 8

Epithelial cells

Answer 8

typically “lining” cells; form adenomas, carcinomas, adenocarcinomas

Question 9

Mesenchymal cells

Answer 9

typically “supporting” cells; form sarcomas, other “omas”

Question 10

“Round” cells

Answer 10

actually mesenchymal cells; form sarcomas; malignant and metastasize quickly

Question 11

Functions of epithelial cells

Answer 11

Protection, absorption, secretion, selective permeability, surface transport, sensory reception

Question 12

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 12

Function: Allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances in serosae.

Location: Kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; lining of ventral body cavity(serosae)

Question 13

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 13

Function: secretion and absorption

Location: Kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface.

Question 14

Simple columnar epithelium

Answer 14

Function: Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliated action.

Location: nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract (stomach to anal canal), gallbladder and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus.

Question 15

Cell modifications

Answer 15

Goblet cells- produce mucous, found in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract; Ciliated cells- provide motility, found in the respiratory tract

Question 16

Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 16

Function: protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion

Location: nonkeratinized type forms the moist lining of the esophagus, mouth, and vagina; keratinized type forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry membrane.

Question 17

Stratified columnar epithelium

Answer 17

Function: protection and secretion

Location: rare in the body; small amounts in male urethra and in large ducts of some glands

Question 18

Transitional epithelium

Answer 18

Function: stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine

Location: lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra

Question 19

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Answer 19

Function: Secretion, particularly of mucus; propulsion of mucus bu ciliary action.

Location: nonciliated type in male’s sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of large glands; ciliated variety lines the trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract.

Question 20

Microvilli

Answer 20

short, finger-like projections, non-motile, increase surface area

Question 21

Cilia

Answer 21

composed of kinocilia (sensory/moveable) and stereocilia (sensory/ears), found in the epididymus

Question 22

Basement membrane

Answer 22

link contains lamina lucida, basal lamina, and lamina fibroreticularis

Question 23

Lamina lucida

Answer 23

contains laminin (anchoring filaments)

Question 24

Basal lamina

Answer 24

Type IV collage, linked to laminin

Question 25

Lamina fibroreticularis

Answer 25

comprised of anchoring fibrils and interwoven collagen fibers extending from the underlying connective tissues

Question 26

Desmosomes

Answer 26

link cells together

Question 27

Zonula adherens

Answer 27

near the apical surface, attach luminal cells together

Question 28

Zonula occludens

Answer 28

not at apical surface, not as strong

Question 29

Gap junctions

Answer 29

holes that allow for communication to go through

Question 30

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Answer 30

Function: protection

Location: Largest ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands.