Identify/Terms/Definitions- Integument

Question 1

Functions of the skin

Answer 1

barrier, communication, temperature regulation, secretion, storage, pigmentation, Vitamin D production, adnexae production

Question 2

Adnexae

Answer 2

hair, glands (when found in the integument), nails, horns, hoofs

Question 3

Components of the skin

Answer 3

Epidermis, Dermis (corium), Subcutis, Adnexae

Question 4

Keratinocytes

Answer 4

main component of epidermis, protection through production of proteins (keratin, filaggrin, enzymes, lipids, cytokines)

Question 5

Melanocytes

Answer 5

dendrite cells, responsible for melanin synthesis, derived from the neural crest

Question 6

Langerhans cells

Answer 6

subset of dendritic cells, derived from bone marrow, antigen presenting cells, upon stimulation they migrate from the skin to the lymph nodes to present antigen to T-cells

Question 7

Merkel cells

Answer 7

dermo-epidermal junction, mechanoreceptors

Question 8

Layers of the epidermis (superficial to deep)

Answer 8

Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum (variable), Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, Stratum basale

Question 9

Stratum basale

Answer 9

deepest layer, one layer of cells, resting on basale membrane; 50% resting cells, the other 50% are dividing and leaving the basal membrane; cuboidal and columnar cells

Question 10

Stratum spinosum

Answer 10

defined by desmosomal presence, variable number of layers, polyhedral-shaped cells; contains lamellar granules- filled with lipids and enzymes, and important for barrier function and desquamation

Question 11

Stratum granulosum (granular layer)

Answer 11

variable number of layers, aggregation of keratohyaline granules (filaggrin)

Question 12

Stratum lucidum

Answer 12

observable in friction areas, no nuclei, fully cornified, dead tissue

Question 13

Stratum corneum

Answer 13

several to numerous layers of dead cells, intercellular spaces are filled with lipids, cornification=keratinization

Question 14

Layers of skin (superficial to deep)

Answer 14

Epidermis, dermis, subcutis (subcutaneous/hypodermis)

Question 15

Process of keratinization

Answer 15

keratinocytes change in shape and size as they mature, maturation of keratinocytes results in formation of layers of the epidermis, synthesis of proteins (creation of keratin and filaggrin), modification of organelles (loss of nucleus), alteration in plasma membrane, formation of lipid bilayer (results from the content of lamellar bodies)

Question 16

Dermis layers (from superficial to deep)

Answer 16

Papillary zone, reticular zone, cells of the dermis, fibers of the dermis, ground substance of the dermis

Question 17

Cells of the dermis

Answer 17

composed of dense irregular connective tissue; contains fibroblasts (produce collagen), macrophages (lyse cells), mast cells (histamine response), melanocytes (pigment)

Question 18

Fibers of the dermis

Answer 18

collagen, elastic, reticular, muscle

Question 19

Ground substance of the dermis

Answer 19

glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Question 20

Subcutis (Hypodermis/subcutaneous)

Answer 20

predominate cell type are adipocytes

Question 21

Identify the layers from deep to superficial

Answer 21

Dermis

Stratum basale

Stratum spinosum

Stratum granulosum

Stratum lucidum (not always present)

Stratum corneum

Question 22

Identify the layers from deep to superficial

Answer 22

Subcutis (subcutaneous/hypodermis)

Dermis

Epidermis

Question 23

Anagen

Answer 23

long hair follicle, IRS, active mitosis, melanocytes are active

Question 24

Catagen

Answer 24

hair matrix moves up and away from the papilla

Question 25

Telogen

Answer 25

no mitosis, no melanogenesis, no IRS, club- hair, short-hair follicle