TERMS AND THEMES UNIT 9 Flashcards
Mother country
country back home in Europe
exploiting
taking advantage of
natural resources
found in nature
colonies
a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country
Settlers, Colonists
people who settle in an area under full or partial control of another
Geography
what the land was like–
climate, topography, and/or the elevation
Climate
temperature
Elevation
mountains, low-lands, how much above or below sea level
temperate zone
experiences all four seasons
Economics
how the colonies made money, including natural resources, type of farming, and labor systems
Plantation economy
money made from the plantations
chattel slavery
enslaved people who are owned for ever and whose children and children’s children are automatically enslaved. Chattel slaves are individuals treated as complete property, to be bought and sold
Demographics, demographic trend
people who made up the population, the people who immigrated, mixed race, and how the society was made up and organized socially.
government systems
people who had power, where the power came from, and how that power was limited, how the colonies were governed and relations to mother country.
Bureaucracy
a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives
Autonomy
self-governed
Silver mines/Silver ore
spanish found silver ore–raw silver– which made them very rich
Potosí
where the silver mines were in bolivia// largest silver mines
Inflation
increase in prices
The Philippines
where most of the silver was shipped, and from there to china, acted as the spanish’s middle men,
Trade deficit
a negative balance of trade in which a country’s imports exceeds its exports
Viceroyalties
the districts the spanish colonies were split into.
VICEROY
what the administrator was called
Absolute monarchy
the power of the king was unlimited and there was no opportunity for citizen participation
Catholic Church
had a parallel system of control between the church and the spanish colony
Mestizo
mixed race between spanish and natives and occasionally african
Casta Paintings
paintings where hierarchy is is often depicted, found in many homes
Plantation agriculture
produced agriculture/ cash crops on a plantation grown by slaves
monoculture
the cultivation of a single crop in a given area.
cash crop
crop which is grown for sale to return a profit.
Slave economy
means slavery was a foundation of the economy and society
Mulattoes
mixed race between natives, sometimes Africans and European
Quebec
french colonies capital
became head quarter for french traders, solders, missionaries ect.
beaver pelts
skin and fur, what french profited off of, their cash crop
metis
mixed race between french and natives who served important roles as traders, guides, interpreters
Jesuit Missionaries
people who came to the americans on the mission to convert natives to Catholicism
The Chesapeake Bay
where the english settled
jamestown
town they settled in
virginia
the name of the english colony
Tobacco
the cash crop the englishmen grew.
“One drop of blood” rule
if a person had the smallest bit of african decent they were automatically enslaved
Mayflower
the ship the pilgrims sailed on
New England
what the pilgrims colony was called later on
Massachusetts Bay Colony
what the pilgrims colony was first called
Plymouth Rock
where the pilgrims landed
Puritans
the sect of protestantism the pilgrims were
puritans hoped to purify the anglican church –unable to do it in England so they sailed to the new world
Pilgrims
what the group of puritans came to be known as
Subsistence farmers
growing crops for personal consumption with some going to the local markets
Joint stock companies
commercial ventures similar to modern corporations that were expected to turn a profit for the people that invested in them
they funded/created Massachusetts and Virginia
the companies were given the right to existed from the king
chartered
given the right to exist and operate
governors
sent over by the english crown later in the 17th century, but the governors found it hard to control them because the colonies had already set up their own govt.
colonial assemblies
what happened in chesapeake,
where voting members chosen by the elite wealthy plantation owners took place in the govt system know as colonial assemblies
town meetings
happened in new England
where adult males gather to make decisions affecting the entire community
participatory government
individual participation by citizens in political decisions and policies that affect their lives, especially directly rather than through elected representatives.
the early forms of this in the english colonies laid the foundation for the american revolution
Great Plains
uninhabited, middle of north america where the natives were relocated to
arable
able to farm the land
