terms and themes unit 6 Flashcards
stern-post rudder
invented by the Chinese helped ships to move easier
lateen sail
triangular sailallowed ships to moveinvented by muslims
caravel
invented by the Portuguese new type of ship sturdy and maneuverable
magnetic compass
navigation instrumentinvented by the chinese
astrolobe
invented by muslimsenabled mariners to determine their latitude
sextant
europeans invented navigation tool
trade winds and westerly winds
by studying these Europeans were able to figure out how to sail safely around africa
archipelago
small groups of islands
colony
distant territories formed/ruled by their empire
portugal
first leader in maritime exploration across atlantic
sugar
a crop from south-east asia that was very valuable in europe
plantations
a large farm where slaves grew sugar
monopoly
one rule(r)
Prince Henry the navigator
patron of navigation and supported many explotory voyages of west africa in the hopes of entering the gold trade and finding new routes to pepper
Bartolomeu Dias
first european to sail to the cape of good hope in 1488
Vasco da Gama
in 1498 was the first portuguese/european explorer to sail around the cape of good hope.
Cape of Good Hope
southern Africa
Patron
a person who gives financial or other support to a person
Trading-post empire
an empire where the portugues would seize or build key trading cities and force merchants to stop there and make them pay to trade or even dock
Land-based Empire
an empire that is controlled from the land
Safe-conduct passes
Forced all merchant ships to purchase in orde to trade safely if one didn’t have the pass, it would result in execution or have their hands cut off and items confiscated
armed trading
Portuguese used weapons as means of trade
straits
narrow water passages
English and Dutch East India Companies
1600’s became the major european force in the indian ocean and china area.
Christopher columbus
european explorer, found the “new world”
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
the king and queen of Spain who sponsored Christopher colubus’ voyage
Reconquista
the long, bloody war to reconquer spain from the muslims
Caliphate of Cordoba
a state established by the Umayyads on the iberian peninsula after their defeat in southern France
Inquisition
a violent campaign to forcibly convert its large jewish population to christianity.
Iberian Peninsula
made up of Spain and Portugal
Conquistadores
conquerors
Encomienda
the form of slavery the spanish established in the americas where the spanish crown granted conquistadors the right to demand for labor from the natives
Tenochtitlan
capital of the aztec empire which was very similar to the states of afro-eurasia
Hernan Cortez
spanish conquistador who arrived in aztec empire in 1519 and succeeded
Moctezuma (Montezuma)
king of the aztec empire
Technological and biological advantages
the spainards had so much Technological and biological advantages because the aztec only had wooden sticks and few swords
Smallpox
the disease the spanish brought over by accident which the natives had no immunity to which decimated their population
Immunity
resistance against a medical issue
Francisco Pizarro
the spanish conqueror who conquered the inca
Atahualpa
inca prince
domesticated animals
animals that are tamed and made fit for a human environment– feeding, breeding, ect
Beasts of burden, draft animals
animals used for transporting loads or doing other heavy work
cereal crops
wheat, barely ect.
smallpox
a deadly disease spread by Europeans in the americas
epidemics
huge out break or disease
Silver, silver mining
very valuable, inca were rich in it and spanish ended up making great wealth from it and sending it back to Spain.
Conscript system
Spaniards relied on this form of slavery, where natives workers were required to work for a specified time in the mines each year.
Sugar
the source of wealth that the colonies produced from cash crops
Plantation agriculture
farming cash crops on plantations
Monoculture
the cultivation of a single crop in a given area.
Debt slavery
working to pay off a debt
prison slavery
working to pay off a crime
conscripted labor
working as a requirement of the state
Chattel slavery
extremely brutal form of slavery greatly impacting the lives of african people
Raw material
material suitable for manufacture or use or finishing
manufactured goods
roducts that have been made from a raw material, esp as a large-scale operation using machinery
Triangle trade
the inter dependent cycle of trade across the atlantic
Atlantic slave trade
the purchasing of slaves captured by african slavers
