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HISTORY FINAL > terms and themes unit 5 > Flashcards

terms and themes unit 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

middle ages

A

long period of relative decline that the European experienced in the 14-15c

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2
Q

Renaissance

A

prosperity season period after the middle ages where innovations increased (agriculture, architecture, new states, science/math, trade)`

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3
Q

Revenue

A

money made collected from trade

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4
Q

standing army

A

second source of new power for kings, it was strong armies made up of paid trained men

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5
Q

bonds

A

borrowed money from other places/people that they used and would be repaid from tax money

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6
Q

crusades

A

European armies in the 11-13c fighting military campaigns in the middle eastthey were introduced to for the first time to the riches lux goods of the east driven by a growing desire to trade in the muslim world

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7
Q

classical

A

greco-roman style/culture

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8
Q

Fuedalism

A

occured during the middle ageswhen lords would give pieces of land to fuedal vassels in exchange for military service from knights

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9
Q

fuedal vassels

A

people who are distributed land to

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10
Q

serfs

A

peasants

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11
Q

what increased agricultural production

A

3 innovation responsible for increase:three-crop rotationmouldboard plowwater mill/hydraulic

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12
Q

3-crop rotation

A

when one field is left fallow or unused each year to allow soil to rejuvenated renew nuitrients

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13
Q

mouldboard plow

A

a new plow

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14
Q

water mill/hyrdualic

A

a new mill

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15
Q

fallow

A

empty or unused

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16
Q

Specialization

A

jobs that are specialized, not the normal jobs ex. craftsman

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17
Q

urbanization

A

cities

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18
Q

Commercialization

A

revolutionizing of arts, learning and culture

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19
Q

Manufacturing

A

producing goods ex. venetian glass

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20
Q

Export, import

A

to trade for/buy and get //export to trade out

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21
Q

Venice, Venetian

A

italian city-state, located at the northern edge of the ardiatic sea, built up in the 7th century, it connected europe w the muslim world and built amazing ships

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22
Q

Cog ships, Galley ships

A

CARGO round ship built by venetians, carried soldiers to protect europe from pirates

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23
Q

Galley ships

A

NAVAL

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24
Q

Middlemen

A

Venice–people who buy things and then resell it elsewhere.

25
Q

Marco Polo

A

venetian merchant, traveled all over Asia and europe and africa during the late 13th c

26
Q

Gentile Bellini

A

official painter of venice, traveled w mehmet to isntanbul as a diplomat, his art represents a cultural exchange between venice and the ottoman empire

27
Q

Republic

A

the way venice was governed, made venice unique bc govt. was elected not hereditary lot or king

28
Q

Doge

A

elected one to govern function is to engage in diplomacy and maintain muslim fleets

29
Q

patrons

A

people who were so wealthy that they paid for paintings to be made for them. also had churches built

30
Q

monopoly

A

dominance/ one rule overex. venice had monopoly over med. sea trade

31
Q

venetian convoy/mudes

A

ship that leaves and goes to either eygypt or india. returns much later than when it shipped off

32
Q

pepper route

A

went up red sea, took camel to nile, nile to med sea, med sea home

33
Q

Renaissance

A

Cultural and artistic flourish during 1400-1700in Europe–brought it out of dark ages

34
Q

Linear perspective

A

rep. of 3d on 2d paper–new way to paint in renaissance

35
Q

Realism

A

real looking/realistic

36
Q

Background and foreground

A

b-backf-front

37
Q

style

A

way they made it/characteristics

38
Q

medium

A

type of art/form ex-sculpture,oil painting

39
Q

subject

A

most important part of the pic/what its/who (based) about

40
Q

Mythology

A

greek stories of gods–not true

41
Q

anatomy

A

study of the body

42
Q

devotional

A

art made for religious purposes–enrich the church

43
Q

secular

A

art made for non religious purposes, –for beauty for the rich

44
Q

Classic

A

latin-greek lit/texts/art/stories

45
Q

Portraits

A

a painting picture or sculpture of one person

46
Q

Patrons

A

pay artists to make art, they suporterd thriving artists

47
Q

Humanists

A

renaissance thinkers ,v. religious, created accurate texts that were religious

48
Q

humanities

A

what humanists had in interest it…included- lit. history and moral philosophy.

49
Q

Moveable type printing

A

reinvented by the Europeans, enabled the ideas in the renaissance to spread.

50
Q

Gutenberg Bible

A

first book printed..written by jahannes gutenberg in germany in the 1450s

51
Q

vernacular

A

the language or dialect spoken/written by the ordinary people

52
Q

What was the Renaissance?

A

-Rebirth after Feudalism: trade, commercialism, economic growth (wealth), Classical Greek and Roman culture, learning, art, states -Stronger States: tax revenue in currency from trade and cities, standing army -Cultural Flourishing: art, architecture, learning, thinking

53
Q

How did trade impact Venice?

A

-Cultural blending ex. spices being used in europe/animals/clothing/dyes-Wealth (both for individuals and for states)-made the renaissance

54
Q

Why did Venice become such an important trade city?

A

-Location in relation to the rest of Europe and to the Eastern Mediterranean -Monopoly on trade with Islamic World-Cog ships, shipbuilding industry-Tolerance, connection of -Muslim world-City-state, Republic-trade w Germany and the rest of Europe

55
Q

Compare the Renaissance to the Middle Ages.

A

-State development (feudalism vs. stronger states and city-states)-Urbanization and commercialization-Standing armies and taxation and new sources of revenue-Trade, currency, how wealth was measured (land vs. currency)-Art, architecture, learning, literacy, books-Cultural and economic connectedness with the East

56
Q

What were the Causes of the Renaissance?

A

-Increased Agricultural production-New urban middle class and growth of cities, —–Commercialization-Contact with the Islamic World: the Crusades and opening trade-New sources of revenue and new ways of banking-New science and technology, the printing press-TRADE

57
Q

Compare Renaissance Art to Medieval Art

A

-Perspective, proportion, depth, foreground/background, setting-Colors, shading, brightness-Realism, anatomy, realistic forms, setting/context, science/math-Human forms, bodies, faces, emotions, expression, human experience-Devotional, secular themes, Classical themes

58
Q

How did trade lead to the artistic and cultural Renaissance?

A

-The impact of wealth on states and patrons of art -The impact of contact with the Islamic World on learning, availability of books-Classical texts, Greek and Roman and Arabic learning

HISTORY FINAL (5 decks)

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