terms and themes unit 5 Flashcards
middle ages
long period of relative decline that the European experienced in the 14-15c
Renaissance
prosperity season period after the middle ages where innovations increased (agriculture, architecture, new states, science/math, trade)`
Revenue
money made collected from trade
standing army
second source of new power for kings, it was strong armies made up of paid trained men
bonds
borrowed money from other places/people that they used and would be repaid from tax money
crusades
European armies in the 11-13c fighting military campaigns in the middle eastthey were introduced to for the first time to the riches lux goods of the east driven by a growing desire to trade in the muslim world
classical
greco-roman style/culture
Fuedalism
occured during the middle ageswhen lords would give pieces of land to fuedal vassels in exchange for military service from knights
fuedal vassels
people who are distributed land to
serfs
peasants
what increased agricultural production
3 innovation responsible for increase:three-crop rotationmouldboard plowwater mill/hydraulic
3-crop rotation
when one field is left fallow or unused each year to allow soil to rejuvenated renew nuitrients
mouldboard plow
a new plow
water mill/hyrdualic
a new mill
fallow
empty or unused
Specialization
jobs that are specialized, not the normal jobs ex. craftsman
urbanization
cities
Commercialization
revolutionizing of arts, learning and culture
Manufacturing
producing goods ex. venetian glass
Export, import
to trade for/buy and get //export to trade out
Venice, Venetian
italian city-state, located at the northern edge of the ardiatic sea, built up in the 7th century, it connected europe w the muslim world and built amazing ships
Cog ships, Galley ships
CARGO round ship built by venetians, carried soldiers to protect europe from pirates
Galley ships
NAVAL
Middlemen
Venice–people who buy things and then resell it elsewhere.
Marco Polo
venetian merchant, traveled all over Asia and europe and africa during the late 13th c
Gentile Bellini
official painter of venice, traveled w mehmet to isntanbul as a diplomat, his art represents a cultural exchange between venice and the ottoman empire
Republic
the way venice was governed, made venice unique bc govt. was elected not hereditary lot or king
Doge
elected one to govern function is to engage in diplomacy and maintain muslim fleets
patrons
people who were so wealthy that they paid for paintings to be made for them. also had churches built
monopoly
dominance/ one rule overex. venice had monopoly over med. sea trade
venetian convoy/mudes
ship that leaves and goes to either eygypt or india. returns much later than when it shipped off
pepper route
went up red sea, took camel to nile, nile to med sea, med sea home
Renaissance
Cultural and artistic flourish during 1400-1700in Europe–brought it out of dark ages
Linear perspective
rep. of 3d on 2d paper–new way to paint in renaissance
Realism
real looking/realistic
Background and foreground
b-backf-front
style
way they made it/characteristics
medium
type of art/form ex-sculpture,oil painting
subject
most important part of the pic/what its/who (based) about
Mythology
greek stories of gods–not true
anatomy
study of the body
devotional
art made for religious purposes–enrich the church
secular
art made for non religious purposes, –for beauty for the rich
Classic
latin-greek lit/texts/art/stories
Portraits
a painting picture or sculpture of one person
Patrons
pay artists to make art, they suporterd thriving artists
Humanists
renaissance thinkers ,v. religious, created accurate texts that were religious
humanities
what humanists had in interest it…included- lit. history and moral philosophy.
Moveable type printing
reinvented by the Europeans, enabled the ideas in the renaissance to spread.
Gutenberg Bible
first book printed..written by jahannes gutenberg in germany in the 1450s
vernacular
the language or dialect spoken/written by the ordinary people
What was the Renaissance?
-Rebirth after Feudalism: trade, commercialism, economic growth (wealth), Classical Greek and Roman culture, learning, art, states -Stronger States: tax revenue in currency from trade and cities, standing army -Cultural Flourishing: art, architecture, learning, thinking
How did trade impact Venice?
-Cultural blending ex. spices being used in europe/animals/clothing/dyes-Wealth (both for individuals and for states)-made the renaissance
Why did Venice become such an important trade city?
-Location in relation to the rest of Europe and to the Eastern Mediterranean -Monopoly on trade with Islamic World-Cog ships, shipbuilding industry-Tolerance, connection of -Muslim world-City-state, Republic-trade w Germany and the rest of Europe
Compare the Renaissance to the Middle Ages.
-State development (feudalism vs. stronger states and city-states)-Urbanization and commercialization-Standing armies and taxation and new sources of revenue-Trade, currency, how wealth was measured (land vs. currency)-Art, architecture, learning, literacy, books-Cultural and economic connectedness with the East
What were the Causes of the Renaissance?
-Increased Agricultural production-New urban middle class and growth of cities, —–Commercialization-Contact with the Islamic World: the Crusades and opening trade-New sources of revenue and new ways of banking-New science and technology, the printing press-TRADE
Compare Renaissance Art to Medieval Art
-Perspective, proportion, depth, foreground/background, setting-Colors, shading, brightness-Realism, anatomy, realistic forms, setting/context, science/math-Human forms, bodies, faces, emotions, expression, human experience-Devotional, secular themes, Classical themes
How did trade lead to the artistic and cultural Renaissance?
-The impact of wealth on states and patrons of art -The impact of contact with the Islamic World on learning, availability of books-Classical texts, Greek and Roman and Arabic learning
