Terms and Names

Question 1

Republic

Answer 1

a form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders

Question 2

Patricians

Answer 2

wealthy landowners who held most of the power

Question 3

Plebeian

Answer 3

common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up the majority of the population

Question 4

Tribunes

Answer 4

protected the rights of the plebeians from unfair acts of Patrician officials

Question 5

Consuls

Answer 5

commanded the army and directed the government and could veto decisions; served for one year

Question 6

Senate

Answer 6

an aristocratic branch of Rome’s government, having both legislative and administrative functions in the republic; served for life

Question 7

Dictator

Answer 7

leaders who had absolute power to make laws and command the army for only six months

Question 8

Legions

Answer 8

Roman soldiers who were organized into large military units

Question 9

Punic Wars

Answer 9

the beginning of a long struggle as Rome and Carthage went to war

Question 10

Hannibal

Answer 10

the mastermind behind the war of Rome and Carthage for their second Punic War, being a brilliant strategist

Question 11

Civil War

Answer 11

conflict between two groups within the same country

Question 12

Julius Caesar

Answer 12

strong military leaders and a genius at military strategy

Question 13

Triumvirate

Answer 13

a group of three rulers

Question 14

Augustus

Answer 14

Octavian’s accepted name also meaning “exalted one”; was also an emperor

Question 15

Pax Romana

Answer 15

period of peace and prosperity; also called Roman peace

Question 16

Jesus

Answer 16

a Jew born in Bethlehem in Judea and did public ministry

Question 17

Apostle

Answer 17

Jesus’ pupils, being the 12 men

Question 18

Paul

Answer 18

an apostle; enormous influence on Christianity’s development; was a missionary and spread Jesus’s messages

Question 19

Diaspora

Answer 19

the dispersal of the Jews (from their homeland - forced to leave their country)

Question 20

Constantine

Answer 20

Roman emperor

Question 21

Bishop

Answer 21

(also a priest), supervised several local churches

Question 22

Peter

Answer 22

an apostle, who traveled to Rome from Jerusalem and became the first pope there

Question 23

Pope

Answer 23

the father or heard of the Christian Church; bishops said Peter was the first pope

Question 24

Missionary

Answer 24

traveling around and spreading beliefs and ideas to others

Question 25

Inflation

Answer 25

a drastic drop in the value of money with a rise in prices

Question 26

Mercenary

Answer 26

foreign soldiers who fought for money

Question 27

Diocletian

Answer 27

a strong-willed army leader

Question 28

Constantinople

Answer 28

the city’s new name (City of Constantine - named after him)

Question 29

Attila

Answer 29

a powerful chieftain (leader)

Question 30

Praetors

Answer 30

The Judicial Branch of the Roman Republic that consisted of eight judges and served for one year

Question 31

Greco-Roman culture

Answer 31

the mixing of elements from Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman culture (also called classical civilization)

Question 32

Pompeii

Answer 32

a Roman town

Question 33

Virgil

Answer 33

a poet who spent his ten years writing the most famous work of Latin literature, the Aeneid, the epic of the legendary Aeneas

Question 34

Tacitus

Answer 34

a Roman historian who is notable among ancient historians because he presented facts accurately in Rome; wrote about goods and bad about Rome in his writings

Question 35

Aqueduct

Answer 35

designed by Roman engineers to bring water into cities and towns (lifted high up on arches)