Terms Flashcards
• communication about communication”
also known as secondary communication.
• communication that tells us how a message is to be interpreted.
Meta-communication
- vocal message such as voice or speech tone, emphasis, speed, pitch, volume, use of pauses and filters like “you know” “um” and so forth
- a component of meta-communication (secondary communication) that may affect meaning and can convey emotion
- may be intentional or unintentional.
- includes things such as voice or speech tone, emphasis, speed, pitch, volume, sighing and use of pauses (vocal cues).
Paralanguage
- “The environment in which communication takes place.”
* the social cultural and intellectual settings in which the communication process occurs
Context
anything that distorts messages or interferes with the communication process
Noise
the mode of the message (spoken word, written, body language)
Channel
the successful transfer of a message and meaning from one person or group to another.
Communication
the process by which the source forms a message to be communicated. Taking and idea and translating it to a way others can understand
Encoding
the process by which the receiver interprets a message from the source. We’re reading the context
Decoding
the experiences you have and the way you interpret the message (see graffiti and think the neighbourhood is unsafe vs. A sign of respect and a work of art.)
Filters
dynamic collections of word symbols their meanings and pronunciations as used and understood by an established community.
Launguage
the receiver’s unintentional discernible responses to the source’s messages, ex. Yawning, raising an eyebrow or a missing response
Feedback
a conscious mental and physical effort to receive attend to and align meaning to verbal and non-verbal messages
Listening
The ____ you place on certain words or parts of a sentence can lead to vastly different interpretations by the patient.
Empahsis
is spontaneous, emotional and uninhibited. We use this when expressing feelings telling jokes or complaining. This tone isn’t appropriate since it takes the focus off the patient and puts it on the HCP. Patients do not usually appreciate an emotional or even joking tone from their HCPs
Expressive tone
is authoritative and judgmental. Uses to give order exert leadership or pass judgement. Not appropriate for HCP’s to use since clients expect empathy. HCP’s must not confuse providing patients instructions with giving patients orders.
Directive tone
is rational, objective and unbiased. This is the tone to indicate we are using the analytical portion of our brains to come to the correct answer. Providing complicated street directions, describing missed homework assignment, explaining how to download a computer file. This is the tone the HCP uses most frequently.
Problem solving tone
is to use your own words to repeat what someone else has said.
Paraphrasing
will use clear direct language will remaining relaxed and respectful.
assertive communicator
can use confrontational and sarcastic language will maintaining a terse and often superior attitude.
aggressive communicator
Patient overemphasize a certain trait because to make up for what they perceive as deficiency or failure.
Compensation
Occurs when it’s impossible for the patient to accept ownership of certain thoughts feelings and needs and attributes them two more acceptable substitute , someone outside of the self. Example dad of kid with cancer displaces anger onto the doctor.
Displacement
Patient attempts to disconnect the emotional significance of certain ideas or events from those ideas or events
Dissociation
Patient mimics the behavior of someone else to conceal their own natural behavior because they believe such behavior is inadequate.
Identification
The patient ____ onto another person their own feelings as if the feelings originate in the other person.
Projection
The patient uses false reasoning to justify inappropriate or unacceptable behavior hoping to make the behavior tolerable.
Rationalization
The patient simply puts out of their mind painful or difficult thoughts feelings or idea
Repression
a patient unconsciously return to immature or even infantile behaviors or thoughts
Regression
Presenting your true thoughts and feelings verbally and non-verbally with communication that is congruent.
Genuiness
This means that the helper and client are “on the same page.” There is an agreement between the client and nurse regarding what the goals (client-centered) are and how these will be achieved.
Mutuality
helps client see the situation/person, in a different way (half-full as opposed to half-empty)
Reframing
ties multiple key points of the client’s message that occur over time. Can be used throughout the interaction and at the end of the interview.
Summarization
helpful in understanding context
“Are there any people who make this behavior worse? Make it better?”
“Where and when does this usually happen?”
“Please tell me what happened immediately before you began to feel like you wanted to cut your arm.”
ABC (Antecedent-Behaviour-Consequences) Question
help professional zeros in on the client’s feelings. Listen to content and voice inflections as well as non-verbal. Frequently use the words “you feel”. “It sounds as if”, “perhaps you feel”. If you don’t stop a client from talking the feeling might change from angry to ambivalent to positive
Reflecting feelings
misinterprets the client’s words and feeds it back to the client as if it were fact. Can be dangerous since the client may accept that as facts and think they have problems they don’t actually have
Distortion
a capacity to monitor ourselves while at the same time assessing the impact of our behaviours on others
dual awareness
Recognize that feelings that surface are just part of being a human and that we all have the capacity to be with these distressing emotions and states.
Distress Tolerance
Used to help people understand their relationships with themselves and others
Johari Window
exists when a professional assumes a second role with a client.
Dual Relationship
empathic reactions in a specific situation
Situational Empathy
empathy is understood as a person’s stable character trait.
Dispositional Empathy
focuses on the moral aspects of healthcare and grew out of a concern with life and death issues
Issues like advance directives, organ and tissue recovery and donation, and informed consent are common topics of discussion.
Bioethics
principlepertainingtotheconceptoffaithfulness
Fidelity
distribution of services and often relates specifically to the proper and most effective allocation of scarce healthcare resources.
Distributive Justice
taking action to promote the welfare of others. Mercy, kindness, and charity are all qualities
Beneficent
do no harm
NonMalfecient
when a nurse identifies a problem but is unsure of the ethically correct actions
Moral Uncertainty
when 2 or more mutually exclusive moral claims apply and both have equal weight
Moral Dilemma
occurs when one knows the morally correct action and feels responsible to the patient but institutional or other restraints make it nearly impossible to follow through
Moral Distress
occurs when someone else in a healthcare setting performs an act that a nurse feels is immoral
Moral Outrage
supports the beliefrefers to duties that concern preserving one’s image and integrity.
Self Regard
Remember that ones owns the same respect to self as others. in the worth and dignity of all humans irrespective of their personal attributes or life saturation
Moral Respect
Your own “personality theory”, that certain characteristics go with certain other characteristics. The tendency of a favorable or unfavorable impression in one area to influence judgment of the person in other areas.
Halo Effect
this is the tendency to view most positively persons who are most like us, and the tendency to view negatively persons who are least like us
Proximity
a fixed impression about a group may influence your perceptions of the individual members of that group. You may miss individual uniqueness.
Stereotyping
You perceive what you expect to perceive, rather than what really is (perceptual accentuation). For example, everyone in the world is well-meaning all of the time.
Pollyanna Effect
This is the tendency to give extra importance to what occurs first. This is the idea that first impressions are lasting impressions; they colour how we see someone at other times. In some cases, extra weight is given to what occurs last.
Primacy-Recency
the value you place on yourself; your perceived self-worth
Self esteem
the image you have of who you are: the relatively stable set of perceptions you hold of yourself
Self-concept
your knowledge of yourself; the extent to which you know who you are
Self-awareness
