Terms - 9 Flashcards
Behavioral Contrast
The phenomenon in which a change in one component of a multi schedule that increases or decreases the rate of responding o that component is accompanied by a change in the response rate in the opposite direction on the other, unaltered component of the schedule
Behavioral Momentum
A metaphor to describe a rate of responding and its resistance to change following an alteration in reinforcement conditions. The momentum metaphor has also been used to describe the effects produced by the high-probability request sequence.
Contingency Contracting
A mutually agreed upon document between parties (e.g. parent and Child) that specifies a contingent relationship between the completion of specified behaviors and access to specified behavior
Dependent Group Contingency
A contingency in which reinforcement for all members of a group is dependent on the behavior of one member of the group or the behavior of a select group of members within the large group
Differential Reinforcement
Reinforcing only those responses within a response class that meet a specific criterion along some dimensions (i.e., frequency, topography, duration, latency, or magnitude) and placing all other responses in the class on extinction.
Discrete Trials
Any operant whose response rate is controlled by a given opportunity to emit the response. Each discrete response occurs when an opportunity to respond exist [Discrete trial, restricted operant, and controlled operant are synonymous technical terms.
DRA - Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior
A procedure for decreasing problem behavior in which reinforcement is delivered for a behavior that serves as a desirable alternative to the behavior targeted for reduction and withheld following instances of the problem behavior (e.g. reinforcing completion of academic worksheet items when the behavior targeted for reduction is talk-outs).
DRI - Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior
A procedure for decreasing problem behavior in which reinforcement is delivered for a behavior that is topographically incompatible with the behavior targeted for reduction and withheld following instances of the problem behavior (e.g. sitting in seat is incompatible with walking around the room)
DRO - Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior
A procedure for decreasing problem behavior in which reinforcement is contingent n the absence of the problem behavior during or at specific times (i.e., momentary DRO) ; sometimes called differential reinforcement of zero rates of responding or omission training.
Independent Group Contingency
A contingency in which reinforcement for each member of a group is dependent on that person’s meeting a performance criterion that is in effect for all members of the group.
Interdependent Group Contingency
A contingency in which reinforcement for all members of a group is dependent on each member of the group meeting a performance criterion that is in effect for all members of the group.
Levels System
A component of some token system in which participants advance up or down through a succession of levels contingent on their behavior at the current level. The performance criteria and sophistication or difficulty of the behaviors required at each level are higher than those of preceding levels; as participants advance to higher levels, they gain access to more desirable reinforcers, increased privileges and greater independence.
Matching Law
The allocation of responses to choices available on concurrent schedules of reinforcement; rates of responding across choices are distributed in proportions that match the rates of reinforcement received from each choice alternative.
Direct Instruction
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Incidental Teaching
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